本發(fa)明涉及新能源發(fa)電,尤其涉及一種新能源直流送出黑啟動控制方法及系統。
背景技術:
1、近(jin)年來,構建具(ju)(ju)有(you)高新能源(yuan)(yuan)滲透率(lv)的(de)新型電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統,在發電(dian)(dian)端采用(yong)以風(feng)電(dian)(dian)、光伏等為代(dai)表的(de)清潔能源(yuan)(yuan)逐漸替代(dai)化石能源(yuan)(yuan),有(you)助于按時(shi)保質(zhi)地(di)達(da)成“雙碳”目標。與陸(lu)上風(feng)電(dian)(dian)相比,海上風(feng)電(dian)(dian)具(ju)(ju)有(you)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)豐(feng)富(fu)、穩(wen)定性高、對(dui)陸(lu)地(di)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)需求少等優勢,開發潛(qian)力(li)巨大。由于交流(liu)輸電(dian)(dian)存在供電(dian)(dian)可靠性低、輸送(song)容量有(you)限等問題,所(suo)以近(jin)期(qi),大型海上風(feng)力(li)發電(dian)(dian)經直流(liu)送(song)出(chu)成為新的(de)工程熱點。
2、現階(jie)段大型海上風(feng)力發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)送出工(gong)程中,通常(chang)采用基于(yu)(yu)模塊化多(duo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)換(huan)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(modular?multilevel?converter,mmc)的(de)柔(rou)性(xing)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方案,但是由于(yu)(yu)海上風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)的(de)建設對(dui)占地面積(ji)有很高的(de)要求,而且柔(rou)性(xing)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)體積(ji)較大,所以采用基于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)源(yuan)型換(huan)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)的(de)柔(rou)性(xing)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)成本較高。
3、其主要原(yuan)因是由于常(chang)(chang)規(gui)直流輸(shu)電(dian)系統(tong)需要依(yi)靠交流電(dian)壓進(jin)行(xing)換相,所以無法在這(zhe)種孤島的(de)(de)狀態下進(jin)行(xing)正常(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)啟(qi)動及運行(xing),因此(ci)大型海上風電(dian)不得(de)不采用柔(rou)性直流輸(shu)電(dian)的(de)(de)方(fang)式進(jin)行(xing)電(dian)能的(de)(de)直流送出。然而柔(rou)性直流輸(shu)電(dian)方(fang)案與的(de)(de)常(chang)(chang)規(gui)直流輸(shu)電(dian)方(fang)案相比,柔(rou)性直流輸(shu)電(dian)系統(tong)的(de)(de)容量(liang)較低、造價昂貴,這(zhe)也制(zhi)約了(le)海上風力發電(dian)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)。
4、現有技術中(zhong),公告號(hao)為cn?112421670?b,專利(li)名稱為“一種適用(yong)于遠海(hai)(hai)(hai)風電送出的中(zhong)頻柔(rou)性(xing)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)輸電系統(tong)(tong)及其控制方法”,“所(suo)(suo)述中(zhong)頻柔(rou)性(xing)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)輸電系統(tong)(tong)包括(kuo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)換流(liu)(liu)(liu)站(zhan)和(he)(he)陸(lu)上(shang)換流(liu)(liu)(liu)站(zhan)且兩者通(tong)過(guo)(guo)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)纜(lan)連接(jie),所(suo)(suo)述海(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)換流(liu)(liu)(liu)站(zhan)的交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)側為風電場,風電場內各(ge)風機的交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)輸出端(duan)口(kou)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)升壓變(bian)壓器(qi)連接(jie)至交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)母線(xian),所(suo)(suo)述交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)母線(xian)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)換流(liu)(liu)(liu)變(bian)壓器(qi)連接(jie)至海(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)換流(liu)(liu)(liu)站(zhan)的交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)端(duan)口(kou)”,“所(suo)(suo)述海(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)換流(liu)(liu)(liu)站(zhan)和(he)(he)陸(lu)上(shang)換流(liu)(liu)(liu)站(zhan)采用(yong)真雙極接(jie)線(xian)柔(rou)性(xing)換流(liu)(liu)(liu)站(zhan)結構,該結構由正極和(he)(he)負極兩個mmc連接(jie)構成(cheng)且中(zhong)心連接(jie)點通(tong)過(guo)(guo)接(jie)地裝置接(jie)地”,在(zai)實(shi)際(ji)應用(yong)中(zhong)發現,通(tong)過(guo)(guo)改變(bian)海(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)平臺變(bian)壓器(qi)的體(ti)積和(he)(he)重量(liang),仍(reng)然存在(zai)占地面(mian)積大的問(wen)題(ti),成(cheng)本高(gao)的問(wen)題(ti)。
技術實現思路
1、本(ben)發明(ming)的目的是提(ti)供一種(zhong)新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)直(zhi)流送(song)出(chu)黑啟動控制方法及系統,采用在常規(gui)直(zhi)流輸(shu)電系統中增加靜(jing)止同步補償器和消耗裝(zhuang)置(zhi),實現了(le)在新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)側無(wu)電網供電情(qing)況下,將新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)發出(chu)的電能送(song)出(chu),縮(suo)小(xiao)了(le)海上風電場(chang)占地面積,減低(di)成本(ben),運行(xing)可靠。
2、常規直(zhi)流(liu)輸電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)應用于新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)送出時(shi),常規直(zhi)流(liu)輸電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)無法正常啟動、運行(xing),孤(gu)島新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)無法送出的問(wen)題。
3、為實現上述目的,本發明通過以下(xia)技術(shu)方案(an)實現:
4、一種新能源直流送(song)出黑啟(qi)動控(kong)制方法,具(ju)體內(nei)容如下:
5、在新能源側無(wu)電(dian)網供(gong)電(dian)情況下,首(shou)先控制常規直(zhi)流(liu)輸(shu)電(dian)系統為(wei)靜止(zhi)(zhi)同步補(bu)償器(qi)的(de)單(dan)(dan)元預充(chong)電(dian),使靜止(zhi)(zhi)同步補(bu)償器(qi)的(de)單(dan)(dan)元擁(yong)有初始啟動電(dian)壓(ya);靜止(zhi)(zhi)同步補(bu)償器(qi)在單(dan)(dan)元預充(chong)電(dian)階段的(de)控制器(qi)采用預充(chong)電(dian)控制模塊;
6、在靜止(zhi)同步(bu)(bu)(bu)補(bu)償器(qi)的單元擁有初始啟(qi)動電壓的前提下,然后(hou)控制(zhi)靜止(zhi)同步(bu)(bu)(bu)補(bu)償器(qi)解鎖運行,并為新能(neng)源直流送出(chu)系統生成一個三相交(jiao)流電壓;靜止(zhi)同步(bu)(bu)(bu)補(bu)償器(qi)在新能(neng)源直流送出(chu)系統中的運行控制(zhi)器(qi)采用靜止(zhi)同步(bu)(bu)(bu)補(bu)償器(qi)構網控制(zhi)模塊;
7、在(zai)靜(jing)止同(tong)步補償(chang)器解鎖的(de)同(tong)時,控(kong)制耗(hao)能(neng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置工(gong)作(zuo),使(shi)得靜(jing)止同(tong)步補償(chang)器的(de)單元在(zai)運行(xing)期間不過壓;耗(hao)能(neng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置在(zai)新能(neng)源直流送出系統中的(de)運行(xing)控(kong)制器采(cai)用耗(hao)能(neng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置控(kong)制模塊;
8、在靜止同(tong)步(bu)補(bu)償器已為新能源(yuan)側提供交流(liu)電壓(ya)的前(qian)提下(xia),解鎖運行常規(gui)(gui)(gui)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)輸電系統(tong),通(tong)過控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)常規(gui)(gui)(gui)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)輸電系統(tong)的功率,進而(er)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)靜止同(tong)步(bu)補(bu)償器的單元電壓(ya)穩定;常規(gui)(gui)(gui)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)輸電系統(tong)的外環控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器采(cai)用直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)輸電控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)模塊;
9、在(zai)常規直流輸電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)解(jie)鎖運行后,控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)新能源發電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)發電(dian)功率;新能源發電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)在(zai)黑(hei)啟動階段的(de)(de)發電(dian)功率控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器采用新能源發電(dian)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)模塊(kuai)。
10、預充電控制模塊的(de)控制步(bu)驟如下:
11、控制充電開(kai)關(guan)分開(kai);
12、使(shi)用循環充電(dian)流程(cheng)對(dui)靜止同步(bu)補償器的單元進(jin)行充電(dian);
13、當充(chong)電(dian)完(wan)成(cheng)后控制充(chong)電(dian)開關閉(bi)合。
14、循環充電流(liu)程包括逐步提升常(chang)規直(zhi)流(liu)輸(shu)電系統的(de)直(zhi)流(liu)電壓(ya),并在每(mei)一次提升直(zhi)流(liu)電壓(ya)后,通過觸(chu)發常(chang)規直(zhi)流(liu)輸(shu)電系統送端的(de)晶閘管,使(shi)(shi)靜止同步補償(chang)器的(de)部(bu)分(fen)單元串入(ru)(ru)直(zhi)流(liu)線路(lu)中,以(yi)使(shi)(shi)串入(ru)(ru)直(zhi)流(liu)線路(lu)的(de)單元充電。
15、靜止同(tong)步補償器構網(wang)控制模塊的控制步驟如下:給出一個三相(xiang)正(zheng)弦信號(hao)uref作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)構網(wang)電壓的給定值,三相(xiang)正(zheng)弦信號(hao)的有效(xiao)值為(wei)(wei)u、頻率為(wei)(wei)50hz、相(xiang)位依次相(xiang)差(cha)120°;
16、在給定值的(de)(de)基礎上疊加一(yi)個構網電壓反饋(kui)控制值,作為靜止同步補償器的(de)(de)調制信(xin)號,有(you)效值u的(de)(de)大(da)小和交(jiao)流(liu)線路的(de)(de)電壓等級(ji)一(yi)致。
17、構網電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)反饋控(kong)(kong)制值(zhi),是(shi)一個(ge)以(yi)uref為(wei)給定(ding)量(liang)(liang)、以(yi)靜止同步補償器(qi)端口電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)反饋量(liang)(liang)的閉(bi)環控(kong)(kong)制的輸出結果,閉(bi)環控(kong)(kong)制的控(kong)(kong)制器(qi)采用比例-積分控(kong)(kong)制器(qi)。
18、耗能(neng)裝置控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)模塊(kuai)的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)目標(biao)是使(shi)靜(jing)止同步(bu)補償器的(de)單元(yuan)不過壓,耗能(neng)裝置控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)模塊(kuai)的(de)輸出是耗能(neng)裝置的(de)觸(chu)發角;耗能(neng)裝置控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)模塊(kuai)的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)步(bu)驟如下:
19、以靜止(zhi)同步補(bu)償器(qi)的單元過(guo)壓限制(zhi)(zhi)值(zhi)作為給定量、以靜止(zhi)同步補(bu)償器(qi)的單元實際電壓作為反(fan)饋量的閉環控制(zhi)(zhi),閉環控制(zhi)(zhi)的控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)采(cai)用(yong)比例(li)-積分(fen)控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi);
20、對(dui)閉環控制的輸出進行限(xian)幅,限(xian)幅的最大值為0°,最小值為-180°;
21、根據限幅輸(shu)出的(de)結果(guo)加上(shang)180°作(zuo)為耗能裝置的(de)觸發角。
22、直流(liu)(liu)輸電(dian)控制模塊(kuai)的控制目標(biao)是使靜止同步補償器的單元電(dian)壓穩定,直流(liu)(liu)輸電(dian)控制模塊(kuai)的輸出是直流(liu)(liu)線路的直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)給定值;
23、直流輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制(zhi)模塊是(shi)以(yi)靜(jing)止同步補(bu)償器(qi)的(de)單元(yuan)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓作為(wei)給(gei)定(ding)量(liang)、以(yi)靜(jing)止同步補(bu)償器(qi)的(de)單元(yuan)實際(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓作為(wei)反饋量(liang)的(de)閉環控(kong)制(zhi),閉環控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)輸出為(wei)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)流給(gei)定(ding)值,閉環控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)采用比例-積分(fen)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)。
24、新能源(yuan)發電控制模塊內(nei)部包含一條發電功(gong)率(lv)曲(qu)線指(zhi)令,發電功(gong)率(lv)曲(qu)線內(nei)容如下:
25、在靜止同步補(bu)償器未(wei)解鎖運行之前,發電(dian)功(gong)率曲(qu)線為零;
26、靜止同步補償器解鎖(suo)運行之后(hou),發(fa)電功(gong)率(lv)曲(qu)線緩慢(man)增加至最(zui)大(da)(da)值(zhi)(zhi),最(zui)大(da)(da)值(zhi)(zhi)為新能源發(fa)電系(xi)統所能發(fa)出的最(zui)大(da)(da)功(gong)率(lv);
27、當發(fa)電功率達到最大值后,新能源直流送(song)出系統的黑啟動完成。
28、一(yi)種新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)送出系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),包(bao)括新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)開關、耗能(neng)(neng)裝(zhuang)置、靜止(zhi)同步補(bu)償器(qi)、常規(gui)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),常規(gui)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)側通過交流(liu)(liu)(liu)線(xian)路(lu)分別與靜止(zhi)同步補(bu)償器(qi)、耗能(neng)(neng)裝(zhuang)置、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)開關連接,充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)開關另一(yi)端與新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)連接,在(zai)靜止(zhi)同步補(bu)償器(qi)的(de)(de)單(dan)元(yuan)進行預(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)開關分開,耗能(neng)(neng)裝(zhuang)置用于消耗新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)產生的(de)(de)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng),靜止(zhi)同步補(bu)償器(qi)用于為常規(gui)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)提供交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,常規(gui)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)端與直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)線(xian)路(lu)連接。
29、耗能裝置包括雙(shuang)向(xiang)晶閘管和電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu),雙(shuang)向(xiang)晶閘管和電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)串聯(lian)連接,靜止(zhi)同步補償器(qi)是由全橋子模(mo)塊組成的(de)模(mo)塊化多電(dian)(dian)平換流器(qi),常(chang)規直流輸電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)由6脈波晶閘管整(zheng)流器(qi)組成,新(xin)能源發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)為風(feng)力發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)或光伏發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)。
30、一種(zhong)計算機設備,包括:至(zhi)(zhi)少一個處理器(qi)(qi),以(yi)(yi)及與至(zhi)(zhi)少一個處理器(qi)(qi)通信連接(jie)的存儲(chu)器(qi)(qi),其中,存儲(chu)器(qi)(qi)存儲(chu)有可被至(zhi)(zhi)少一個處理器(qi)(qi)執行(xing)的指令,指令被至(zhi)(zhi)少一個處理器(qi)(qi)執行(xing),以(yi)(yi)使所述至(zhi)(zhi)少一個處理器(qi)(qi)執行(xing)權利要求(qiu)1-8中任一新能源(yuan)送出黑啟(qi)動控制(zhi)方(fang)法。
31、計(ji)算機可(ke)讀存儲介質,所述(shu)計(ji)算機可(ke)讀存儲介質存儲有計(ji)算機指令,計(ji)算機指令用(yong)于(yu)使所述(shu)計(ji)算機執(zhi)行權利要求1-8中任一新能(neng)源送出黑(hei)啟動控(kong)制方(fang)法。
32、與(yu)現有技術(shu)相(xiang)比,本發明的有益效果是(shi):
33、1、無(wu)需采用造價較高的(de)柔(rou)性直流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)電(dian)的(de)方式(shi),僅在造價較低的(de)常規直流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)電(dian)系統中增(zeng)加(jia)了(le)statcom和耗能(neng)(neng)裝置,便可在新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源側無(wu)電(dian)網供電(dian)的(de)情況下,實現新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源直流(liu)(liu)送(song)出系統的(de)黑啟動,并將新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源發出的(de)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)送(song)出;
34、2、首(shou)先通過常(chang)規直流(liu)輸電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)為statcom的(de)(de)單元充電(dian)(dian),然后通過statcom構網控(kong)制模塊控(kong)制statcom,為常(chang)規直流(liu)輸電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)提供交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya),使常(chang)規直流(liu)輸電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)能(neng)(neng)夠正(zheng)常(chang)工(gong)作,最(zui)后,通過常(chang)規直流(liu)輸電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)為新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源發電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)提供啟(qi)動(dong)能(neng)(neng)量,并將新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源發電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)發出(chu)的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量送(song)(song)出(chu),解(jie)決現孤島新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源的(de)(de)啟(qi)動(dong)及(ji)送(song)(song)出(chu)問(wen)題(ti),降低了(le)孤島新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源送(song)(song)出(chu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)投資,易于實(shi)現。