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一種碲化鎘薄膜太陽能電池的制作方法

文檔序號:11352287閱(yue)讀(du):592來(lai)源:國(guo)知局(ju)

本實用新型(xing)涉及(ji)薄(bo)膜(mo)太陽(yang)能(neng)電池(chi)領域,具體涉及(ji)一種碲化鎘薄(bo)膜(mo)太陽(yang)能(neng)電池(chi)。



背景技術:

碲化(hua)(hua)鎘(ge)是一(yi)種化(hua)(hua)合物(wu)半(ban)導體,在太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中一(yi)般作吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)層,同(tong)時(shi)由于它的(de)禁帶(dai)寬度為1.45eV,最適合于光電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)量(liang)轉換,因此使得(de)約2um厚的(de)碲化(hua)(hua)鎘(ge)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)層在其帶(dai)隙以上(shang)的(de)光學吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)率(lv)達到(dao)90%成為可能(neng),其理論(lun)光電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換效率(lv)在大氣質量(liang)AM1.5的(de)條(tiao)件下能(neng)夠高(gao)達27%。另外,碲化(hua)(hua)鎘(ge)容易沉積成大面(mian)積的(de)薄膜(mo)(mo),且沉積速率(lv)塊,因此,該(gai)類薄膜(mo)(mo)太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)制造(zao)成本低(di),是應用前景較好的(de)一(yi)種新型(xing)太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。

傳統的(de)碲(di)化(hua)鎘薄(bo)膜(mo)太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池的(de)結構為(wei)(wei):玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)襯底/透明導電(dian)膜(mo)/ n型硫化(hua)鎘膜(mo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)/ p型碲(di)化(hua)鎘膜(mo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)/背電(dian)極層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)/封(feng)裝(zhuang)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)板(ban)(ban),而(er)薄(bo)膜(mo)太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池的(de)使用環境(jing)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)了封(feng)裝(zhuang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)材料(liao)具有很高的(de)機械強度以及耐(nai)磨(mo)損、耐(nai)高溫、耐(nai)火(huo)、耐(nai)氧化(hua)、耐(nai)腐蝕(shi)等性能(neng)(neng)良(liang)好,現有碲(di)化(hua)鎘薄(bo)膜(mo)太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池中使用玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)板(ban)(ban)作為(wei)(wei)封(feng)裝(zhuang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)往(wang)往(wang)無法滿足(zu)上述要求(qiu),且通常為(wei)(wei)了滿足(zu)封(feng)裝(zhuang)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)板(ban)(ban)的(de)機械強度,會加(jia)大玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)板(ban)(ban)的(de)厚度,這樣會在一定(ding)(ding)程度上提高封(feng)裝(zhuang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)機械強度,但同時會導致整(zheng)個(ge)太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池組件重(zhong)量增加(jia),從而(er)大大增加(jia)了運輸(shu)成(cheng)本及安裝(zhuang)難(nan)度。

實用新型

本實用新型(xing)針(zhen)對(dui)上述技術問題,提出(chu)了一種新的碲(di)化(hua)鎘薄膜太(tai)陽能電池(chi),包括依次層(ceng)(ceng)疊的基板(ban)、背電極(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)、p型(xing)碲(di)化(hua)鎘膜層(ceng)(ceng)、n型(xing)硫化(hua)鎘膜層(ceng)(ceng)、透明電極(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)以及為氮化(hua)硼膜層(ceng)(ceng)。

本(ben)實用新型中,用氮化硼膜層代替(ti)了傳(chuan)統的玻璃封裝(zhuang)(zhuang)層,不僅僅大大降(jiang)低(di)了整個太陽能(neng)(neng)電池組件(jian)的重量,節約了運輸成本(ben),降(jiang)低(di)了安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)難度;同時(shi),采(cai)用氮化硼膜層作為封裝(zhuang)(zhuang)層,還能(neng)(neng)大大提高組件(jian)整體的機械性(xing)能(neng)(neng)、電學性(xing)能(neng)(neng)、熱力學性(xing)能(neng)(neng)以及化學性(xing)能(neng)(neng)。

附圖說明

圖1為本實用(yong)新(xin)型的(de)碲化鎘薄膜太陽能電池的(de)結構示(shi)意圖。

具體實施方式

以下通過具體實施方式對(dui)本(ben)實用新(xin)型(xing)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)的詳細說明。

本實用(yong)新型提出了一種碲化(hua)鎘(ge)薄膜太陽能電池,包括依次層疊的基板1、背(bei)電極(ji)層2、p型碲化(hua)鎘(ge)膜層3、n型硫化(hua)鎘(ge)膜層4、透明電極(ji)層5以及氮(dan)化(hua)硼膜層6。

本(ben)(ben)實(shi)用(yong)(yong)新(xin)(xin)型所述的(de)(de)碲化(hua)(hua)鎘(ge)薄膜(mo)(mo)太陽能電池,封裝層(ceng)不采用(yong)(yong)玻璃板,而采用(yong)(yong)真空鍍(du)膜(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)方(fang)式鍍(du)一層(ceng)氮化(hua)(hua)硼(peng)膜(mo)(mo)層(ceng)6作為(wei)保(bao)護層(ceng),不僅大大降(jiang)低了(le)組件整體的(de)(de)重(zhong)量,從而降(jiang)低了(le)組件的(de)(de)安(an)裝難(nan)度(du)及(ji)運輸成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben),而且該氮化(hua)(hua)硼(peng)保(bao)護層(ceng)具有良好的(de)(de)透光性,且硬度(du)高、耐(nai)候性強(qiang)、耐(nai)熱性強(qiang)以及(ji)耐(nai)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)腐蝕性能好;其(qi)中真空鍍(du)膜(mo)(mo)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)氮化(hua)(hua)硼(peng)膜(mo)(mo)層(ceng)6的(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)為(wei)本(ben)(ben)領域(yu)技(ji)術人員(yuan)所公知,本(ben)(ben)實(shi)用(yong)(yong)新(xin)(xin)型中不作特殊限定,例如將(jiang)待鍍(du)膜(mo)(mo)樣品置于(yu)真空鍍(du)膜(mo)(mo)室,采用(yong)(yong)射(she)頻(pin)電源對(dui)氮化(hua)(hua)硼(peng)靶材濺射(she),得到氮化(hua)(hua)硼(peng)膜(mo)(mo)層(ceng)。

根(gen)據本(ben)實(shi)用新型提供(gong)的(de)碲化(hua)(hua)鎘薄(bo)膜太陽能電(dian)池,優選(xuan)(xuan)地(di)(di),所述氮(dan)(dan)化(hua)(hua)硼層膜6的(de)透明度(du)為85%以(yi)(yi)上(shang);進一步優選(xuan)(xuan)地(di)(di),所述氮(dan)(dan)化(hua)(hua)硼膜層6的(de)厚(hou)度(du)為2um~10um;將氮(dan)(dan)化(hua)(hua)硼保護(hu)膜層6的(de)厚(hou)度(du)控制在2um~10um,在具(ju)有良好(hao)透光性(xing)的(de)同(tong)時(shi),還具(ju)有良好(hao)的(de)機械強度(du)以(yi)(yi)及耐高(gao)溫性(xing)和耐化(hua)(hua)學腐蝕(shi),同(tong)時(shi)電(dian)絕緣性(xing)能好(hao)。

根據本(ben)實用新(xin)型提(ti)供的碲化鎘薄膜太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電池(chi),優選(xuan)地,所述基板1選(xuan)自玻璃以(yi)及不銹(xiu)鋼板中的一種;同時所述基板1還能(neng)(neng)選(xuan)自其(qi)他具有耐高溫性能(neng)(neng)高分子材料層(ceng),只要能(neng)(neng)滿足(zu)起(qi)支撐作用以(yi)及具有良(liang)好(hao)的耐候及耐腐(fu)蝕性能(neng)(neng)即可。

根據本實用新型提供的碲化鎘薄膜太陽能電池,優選地,所述薄膜太陽能電池還包括位于背電極層2與P型碲化鎘膜層3之間的背接觸層;在背電極層2與P型碲化鎘膜層3之間設置背接觸層作為過渡層,能夠有效降低背電極層2與P型碲化鎘膜層3之間的接觸勢壘,使背電極層2與P型碲化鎘膜層3之間形成良好的歐姆接觸,從而增大薄膜太陽能電池的效率。所述背接觸層可以選自ZnTe薄膜、ZnTe:Cu薄膜以及CuxTe薄膜中的一種或多種,其中ZnTe薄膜是指碲化鋅薄膜,ZnTe:Cu薄膜是指銅摻雜的碲化鋅薄膜,CuxTe薄(bo)膜是指碲(di)化(hua)銅(tong)薄(bo)膜;背接觸(chu)層的厚度(du)及(ji)形(xing)成方式為本領(ling)域技術人員所(suo)公知。

根(gen)據(ju)(ju)本(ben)(ben)(ben)實用新(xin)型(xing)(xing)提供的(de)(de)碲化鎘(ge)(ge)薄膜(mo)太(tai)(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),優選(xuan)(xuan)地,所(suo)述(shu)背(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極層(ceng)2為(wei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng),所(suo)述(shu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)中的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)選(xuan)(xuan)自(zi)鉬、鎳、銅(tong)以及銀中的(de)(de)一(yi)種或幾種;進(jin)一(yi)步優選(xuan)(xuan)地,所(suo)述(shu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)的(de)(de)厚(hou)度為(wei)50nm~800nm。所(suo)述(shu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)的(de)(de)形成(cheng)(cheng)方(fang)(fang)式為(wei)本(ben)(ben)(ben)領(ling)域技術人員所(suo)公知(zhi),本(ben)(ben)(ben)實用新(xin)型(xing)(xing)中不作特殊限定(ding),本(ben)(ben)(ben)實用新(xin)型(xing)(xing)中,金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)優選(xuan)(xuan)采用真空(kong)濺射的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式形成(cheng)(cheng),具體為(wei)采用直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)對金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)中的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)靶材進(jin)行濺射,得到金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)膜(mo)層(ceng)。根(gen)據(ju)(ju)本(ben)(ben)(ben)實用新(xin)型(xing)(xing)提供的(de)(de)碲化鎘(ge)(ge)薄膜(mo)太(tai)(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),優選(xuan)(xuan)地,所(suo)述(shu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)中的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)選(xuan)(xuan)自(zi)鉬。

根(gen)據(ju)本(ben)(ben)實(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)新(xin)型(xing)提(ti)供(gong)的(de)(de)碲(di)(di)(di)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鎘(ge)(ge)(ge)薄(bo)(bo)膜(mo)(mo)太(tai)陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)池(chi),優(you)選(xuan)地,所(suo)述(shu)p型(xing)碲(di)(di)(di)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鎘(ge)(ge)(ge)膜(mo)(mo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)3的(de)(de)厚(hou)度為(wei)(wei)2um~5um,所(suo)述(shu)n型(xing)硫化(hua)(hua)(hua)鎘(ge)(ge)(ge)膜(mo)(mo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)4的(de)(de)厚(hou)度為(wei)(wei)50nm~300nm。其中(zhong)p型(xing)碲(di)(di)(di)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鎘(ge)(ge)(ge)膜(mo)(mo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)3作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)薄(bo)(bo)膜(mo)(mo)太(tai)陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)光吸(xi)收層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),用(yong)(yong)(yong)于吸(xi)收太(tai)陽(yang)光產生額載流(liu)子,通(tong)常(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei)P型(xing)棕黑色(se)碲(di)(di)(di)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鎘(ge)(ge)(ge)薄(bo)(bo)膜(mo)(mo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng);該p型(xing)碲(di)(di)(di)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鎘(ge)(ge)(ge)膜(mo)(mo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)3的(de)(de)形(xing)成采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)本(ben)(ben)領域常(chang)(chang)規(gui)的(de)(de)方(fang)法,本(ben)(ben)實(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)新(xin)型(xing)中(zhong)優(you)選(xuan)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)近(jin)空間(jian)(jian)升(sheng)華法(CSS)、蒸汽輸運(yun)法(VTD)、絲網印刷法等方(fang)法;進一(yi)步優(you)選(xuan)地,本(ben)(ben)實(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)新(xin)型(xing)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)近(jin)空間(jian)(jian)升(sheng)華法(CSS)形(xing)成p型(xing)碲(di)(di)(di)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鎘(ge)(ge)(ge)膜(mo)(mo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。所(suo)述(shu)n型(xing)硫化(hua)(hua)(hua)鎘(ge)(ge)(ge)膜(mo)(mo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)4作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)薄(bo)(bo)膜(mo)(mo)太(tai)陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)n型(xing)窗口(kou)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),與p型(xing)碲(di)(di)(di)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鎘(ge)(ge)(ge)膜(mo)(mo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)形(xing)成PN結,n型(xing)硫化(hua)(hua)(hua)鎘(ge)(ge)(ge)膜(mo)(mo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)4通(tong)常(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei)淡(dan)黃(huang)色(se)的(de)(de)硫化(hua)(hua)(hua)鎘(ge)(ge)(ge)薄(bo)(bo)膜(mo)(mo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),其制備方(fang)法為(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)領域常(chang)(chang)規(gui)的(de)(de)制備方(fang)法,本(ben)(ben)實(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)新(xin)型(xing)中(zhong)優(you)選(xuan)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)磁控濺射法、真空蒸鍍、近(jin)空間(jian)(jian)升(sheng)華法(CSS)等方(fang)法形(xing)成;進一(yi)步地,本(ben)(ben)實(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)新(xin)型(xing)優(you)選(xuan)優(you)選(xuan)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)近(jin)空間(jian)(jian)升(sheng)華法(CSS)的(de)(de)方(fang)法形(xing)成n型(xing)硫化(hua)(hua)(hua)鎘(ge)(ge)(ge)膜(mo)(mo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。

根(gen)據本實用新型提供的(de)(de)碲化鎘薄(bo)膜太(tai)陽能(neng)電池,優選地(di),所述(shu)透明電極(ji)層5選自(zi)FTO導(dao)電玻璃、ITO薄(bo)膜、AZO薄(bo)膜中的(de)(de)一(yi)種;進一(yi)步優選地(di),所述(shu)透明電極(ji)層5的(de)(de)厚度為10nm~500nm。采用10nm~500nm厚的(de)(de)上述(shu)材料的(de)(de)透明電極(ji)層,既能(neng)維持良好的(de)(de)透光性,同時還(huan)具有良好的(de)(de)導(dao)電性,從而增大組件整(zheng)體光電效率。

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