本公(gong)開總體上(shang)涉及電子系統(tong)(tong)和方法，并(bing)且(qie)在特定實施例中涉及電容器(qi)健(jian)康(kang)診斷系統(tong)(tong)和方法。

背景技術：

1、柔性交(jiao)流輸電(dian)系統(facts)可被(bei)理解為(wei)包括用于電(dian)能的(de)交(jiao)流(ac)輸電(dian)的(de)設備的(de)系統。通常，facts包括靜(jing)態(tai)伏安(an)無(wu)功(var)補償器(qi)(qi)(svc)或靜(jing)態(tai)同步(bu)補償器(qi)(qi)(statcom)(也稱為(wei)靜(jing)態(tai)同步(bu)調相器(qi)(qi)(statcon))以(yi)將(jiang)無(wu)功功率提供給網絡，例(li)如以(yi)便調節電(dian)壓、功率因數、諧波并且/或者穩定網絡。

2、圖1示(shi)(shi)(shi)出了示(shi)(shi)(shi)例性svc?100(例如，用于三相系統)的示(shi)(shi)(shi)意圖。svc?100包括(kuo)晶閘管(guan)投切(qie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(tsc)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)102、晶閘管(guan)控制電(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)(qi)(tcr)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)104和ac濾(lv)波器(qi)(qi)(qi)106。ac濾(lv)波器(qi)(qi)(qi)106包括(kuo)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)或電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組116。tsc電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)102包括(kuo)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)或電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組118。

3、如(ru)圖所示(shi)，tsc電(dian)路102以(yi)已知的(de)方式與其(qi)他相進行三角(jiao)形(xing)連接。tcr電(dian)路104也以(yi)已知的(de)方式與其(qi)他相進行三角(jiao)形(xing)連接。ac濾波器106可利用y型(xing)連接件來實施。

4、如(ru)圖(tu)1中所示，變壓(ya)器103可用(yong)于將電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)從(cong)ac電(dian)(dian)網101的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降壓(ya)到較低(di)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。例如(ru)，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)v電(dian)(dian)網可介于1kv與800kv之間(jian)(諸如(ru)，230kv)，并且電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)v線路可等于或低(di)于21.4kv。

5、tcr電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)104和svc電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)102可(ke)(ke)用于通過對(dui)(dui)晶閘管閥108、110、112和114的(de)(de)受控切(qie)換(huan)來連續調整遞送到(dao)ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)101的(de)(de)無(wu)功功率。在(zai)tcr電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)104中(zhong)的(de)(de)這種切(qie)換(huan)期間，可(ke)(ke)生成(cheng)不(bu)期望的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)。例(li)如(ru)(ru)，對(dui)(dui)tcr電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)104中(zhong)的(de)(de)晶閘管閥的(de)(de)切(qie)換(huan)可(ke)(ke)消(xiao)耗非正弦電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，這可(ke)(ke)能(neng)引起facts站中(zhong)的(de)(de)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)失真(zhen)。一般來說，較低(di)的(de)(de)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(例(li)如(ru)(ru)，3次諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo))可(ke)(ke)通過tcr電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)104的(de)(de)三角(jiao)形連接而(er)被(bei)捕獲(huo)。然而(er)，高次諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)仍可(ke)(ke)能(neng)出現，并(bing)且可(ke)(ke)注(zhu)入到(dao)ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)101中(zhong)。此類(lei)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)對(dui)(dui)ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)101有(you)害。ac濾波(bo)(bo)器106可(ke)(ke)用于防止諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)注(zhu)入到(dao)ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)101中(zhong)，例(li)如(ru)(ru)由tcr電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)104生成(cheng)的(de)(de)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)。

6、盡(jin)管圖1中示出了(le)單個ac濾(lv)波(bo)(bo)器106，但是(shi)可(ke)使用針對要抑制的(de)各次(ci)(ci)(ci)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)的(de)ac濾(lv)波(bo)(bo)器106。例如(ru)，如(ru)果(guo)期望抑制基頻(pin)(例如(ru)，50hz或(huo)60hz)的(de)5次(ci)(ci)(ci)、7次(ci)(ci)(ci)和(he)13次(ci)(ci)(ci)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)，則可(ke)將分(fen)別(bie)調諧(xie)到5次(ci)(ci)(ci)、7次(ci)(ci)(ci)和(he)13次(ci)(ci)(ci)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)的(de)3個ac濾(lv)波(bo)(bo)器106并聯聯接到v線路(lu)節(jie)點(dian)。

7、圖(tu)2示出(chu)了(le)示例(li)性statcom?200(例(li)如，用(yong)于(yu)三相系統)的示意圖(tu)。statcom?200包(bao)括電壓源換流器(qi)(vsc)204和ac濾(lv)波(bo)器(qi)202。ac濾(lv)波(bo)器(qi)202包(bao)括電容器(qi)或電容器(qi)組206。

8、vsc?204可利用(yong)脈寬(kuan)調制(pwm)(例(li)如(ru)(ru)，利用(yong)毫秒(miao)切換(huan))來操作，例(li)如(ru)(ru)以調整遞送到ac電網(wang)101的(de)無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)。vsc?204可生(sheng)成諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)失(shi)真(zhen)(例(li)如(ru)(ru)，類似于tsc?102)。例(li)如(ru)(ru)，盡管根據設計(ji)基于相移pwm的(de)vsc?204可消除電壓(ya)中高(gao)達2·fcr·n次(ci)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(其中fcr表(biao)示pwm的(de)載波(bo)(bo)(bo)頻(pin)率(lv)，且n表(biao)示每相中的(de)單元(cell)總(zong)數)，但高(gao)頻(pin)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)仍可能出現在電壓(ya)v線路中。由(you)于ac電流中的(de)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)所致的(de)電壓(ya)v線路失(shi)真(zhen)可能引起電力(li)系統(tong)中的(de)不良影響(xiang)(例(li)如(ru)(ru)，同(tong)步/感應電機(ji)失(shi)效、較高(gao)的(de)電力(li)損失(shi)、或ac設備中的(de)過熱(re))。ac濾波(bo)(bo)(bo)器(qi)202可用(yong)于減小由(you)對(dui)vsc?204的(de)pwm切換(huan)所生(sheng)成的(de)基頻(pin)(例(li)如(ru)(ru)，50hz或60hz)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(例(li)如(ru)(ru)，通(tong)過提供(gong)更好的(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)因數)、和(he)/或作為固定并(bing)聯電容器(qi)提供(gong)無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)。

9、圖(tu)3示出了(le)示例(li)(li)性高壓直流(liu)(hvdc)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)300(也稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力高速(su)公路或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣高速(su)公路)的(de)示意圖(tu)。hvdc系統(tong)300包(bao)括hvdc換(huan)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)301、諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)濾波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)302和304、以(yi)及高通(tong)(tong)ac濾波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)306。ac濾波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)302包(bao)括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組308。ac濾波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)304包(bao)括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組310。ac濾波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)306包(bao)括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組312。在hvdc換(huan)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)301發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)期間，可(ke)(ke)生成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，可(ke)(ke)通(tong)(tong)過ac濾波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)302、304和306減小這些諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)以(yi)防止將(jiang)此類諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)注入到ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網101中。ac濾波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)302可(ke)(ke)設計成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)抑制基頻(例(li)(li)如，50hz或(huo)60hz)的(de)11次諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。ac濾波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)304可(ke)(ke)設計成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)抑制基頻(例(li)(li)如，50hz或(huo)60hz)的(de)13次諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。高通(tong)(tong)ac濾波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)306可(ke)(ke)具有基頻的(de)24次到更高次的(de)轉角頻率(lv)。

10、系統100、200和300是示例性的，并且ac濾波器106、202、302、304和/或306要(yao)抑制的目標諧波可(ke)能(neng)不同(例如，取決于系統的設計)。

11、如圖1-3中(zhong)所示，facts中(zhong)的(de)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)或電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)組116、206、308、310和312可有(you)助于濾除不想要的(de)諧波并限制進(jin)入ac電(dian)網101的(de)諧波以(yi)及補(bu)償ac系統中(zhong)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)暫降/驟降。

12、電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)可(ke)隨(sui)時間而(er)失效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)或(huo)退化。例如(ru)，工藝(yi)變化可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)引起(qi)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)在不同(tong)時間/以不同(tong)速率(lv)退化或(huo)失效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)制造商通常(chang)提供電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)失效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)模(mo)型，這(zhe)些(xie)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)失效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)模(mo)型通常(chang)具(ju)有大的(de)方(fang)差并展示低的(de)置信水(shui)平。環境因素也可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)影響電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)壽命。例如(ru)，當電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)暴露于超(chao)出電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)額定(ding)條(tiao)件(諸如(ru)，超(chao)出操作電(dian)壓/溫度/頻率(lv))的(de)條(tiao)件時，電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)比(bi)預(yu)期更快地退化或(huo)失效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。

13、電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的失效或(huo)退(tui)化(hua)可能(neng)影響(xiang)ac濾波(bo)器(qi)(qi)106、202、302、304和(he)306以及tsc電路102的操作。例如(ru)(ru)，隨著(zhu)電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)或(huo)電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)組(zu)116、206、308、310和(he)312的電容(rong)(rong)發生變(bian)化(hua)，ac濾波(bo)器(qi)(qi)106、202、302、304和(he)306對所期望頻率進行濾波(bo)的能(neng)力(li)可能(neng)退(tui)化(hua)。作為另一個示例，在(zai)電容(rong)(rong)式h橋(qiao)(諸如(ru)(ru)，圖1中針對tsc電路102所示)中，電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)失效或(huo)退(tui)化(hua)(例如(ru)(ru)，電容(rong)(rong)的偏(pian)移(shift))可能(neng)引起h橋(qiao)中的不平衡。

14、為(wei)了確保ac濾(lv)波器106、202、302、304和(he)306、tsc電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)102的正確操(cao)作，可通過(guo)使相關聯的電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)離線并對這些(xie)電(dian)(dian)容器執行電(dian)(dian)容測試來(lai)監測電(dian)(dian)容器或電(dian)(dian)容器組116、118、206、308、310和(he)312。

技術實現思路

1、根(gen)據(ju)實施例，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路包括(kuo)：一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個或(huo)多(duo)個輸入端子(zi)，其(qi)被配置成(cheng)接(jie)收測(ce)量(liang)(liang)數(shu)據(ju)；以及控制(zhi)器，其(qi)被配置成(cheng)：基于流過聯(lian)接(jie)到(dao)線路節點的(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流來確(que)定第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，其(qi)中測(ce)量(liang)(liang)數(shu)據(ju)包括(kuo)指示(shi)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流數(shu)據(ju)；基于流過聯(lian)接(jie)到(dao)線路節點的(de)(de)(de)ac濾(lv)波(bo)(bo)(bo)器的(de)(de)(de)濾(lv)波(bo)(bo)(bo)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流來確(que)定濾(lv)波(bo)(bo)(bo)器諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，其(qi)中測(ce)量(liang)(liang)數(shu)據(ju)包括(kuo)指示(shi)濾(lv)波(bo)(bo)(bo)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)濾(lv)波(bo)(bo)(bo)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流數(shu)據(ju)；以及基于第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和濾(lv)波(bo)(bo)(bo)器諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流來生成(cheng)指示(shi)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)失效(xiao)、退化或(huo)故障(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)標志，其(qi)中ac濾(lv)波(bo)(bo)(bo)器包括(kuo)該第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器組(zu)。

2、根據實施例(li)，一(yi)種(zhong)方(fang)法包(bao)括：基(ji)于流(liu)(liu)過(guo)(guo)聯接到線路節點的(de)第(di)一(yi)電(dian)(dian)路的(de)第(di)一(yi)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)來確(que)定第(di)一(yi)諧波(bo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)；基(ji)于流(liu)(liu)過(guo)(guo)聯接到線路節點的(de)ac濾(lv)(lv)波(bo)器的(de)濾(lv)(lv)波(bo)器電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)來確(que)定濾(lv)(lv)波(bo)器諧波(bo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)；以及基(ji)于第(di)一(yi)諧波(bo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)和(he)濾(lv)(lv)波(bo)器諧波(bo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)來生成指示第(di)一(yi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器或電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器組的(de)失效、退化或故(gu)障的(de)第(di)一(yi)標志(zhi)，其中ac濾(lv)(lv)波(bo)器包(bao)括該第(di)一(yi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器或電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器組。

3、根據實施例，一(yi)種裝置(zhi)(zhi)包括：一(yi)個或(huo)多個輸入端子，其(qi)(qi)被配置(zhi)(zhi)成接收測量數據；以及控制(zhi)器，其(qi)(qi)被配置(zhi)(zhi)成：基(ji)于測量數據來(lai)確(que)(que)定(ding)聯接到線路節點(dian)的(de)(de)ac濾(lv)波器的(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器組的(de)(de)m個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)值，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)m是大于1的(de)(de)正整數；使m個所確(que)(que)定(ding)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)值中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)每一(yi)個與(yu)k個集群(qun)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)一(yi)個集群(qun)相關聯，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)k是大于1且小于m的(de)(de)正整數；從k個集群(qun)中(zhong)(zhong)確(que)(que)定(ding)主導(dao)集群(qun)；基(ji)于主導(dao)集群(qun)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)值來(lai)確(que)(que)定(ding)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)；將第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)與(yu)參考電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)進行比(bi)較；以及當第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)與(yu)參考電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)相差超過預定(ding)公差時，生成第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)標志，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)該第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)標志指示第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器組的(de)(de)失效、退(tui)化或(huo)故(gu)障。