本發明屬于生物領域,具體涉(she)及一種(zhong)真菌(jun)菌(jun)懸液的制備方法及其應用。
背景技術:
擔(dan)子(zi)菌(jun)(jun)都有(you)很(hen)(hen)發(fa)達(da)的菌(jun)(jun)絲(si)體,菌(jun)(jun)絲(si)有(you)隔膜。目前擔(dan)子(zi)菌(jun)(jun)尤其是(shi)食(shi)用菌(jun)(jun)菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong)主(zhu)要(yao)以固體菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong)和液(ye)體菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong)兩種(zhong)形式存(cun)在。固體菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong)雖然接種(zhong)簡便,但(dan)是(shi)發(fa)菌(jun)(jun)慢,培(pei)養周(zhou)期(qi)較長,且(qie)存(cun)在隱形污(wu)(wu)染的概(gai)率較大(da)。而液(ye)體菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong)雖然發(fa)菌(jun)(jun)快,培(pei)養周(zhou)期(qi)短,但(dan)是(shi)由(you)于含糖量(liang)高,菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong)較粘(zhan)稠,滲透性不好(hao),且(qie)大(da)批次污(wu)(wu)染的概(gai)率很(hen)(hen)大(da)。
目前,除了(le)傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)固(gu)(gu)體菌種(zhong)(zhong)和液體菌種(zhong)(zhong)外,還有一種(zhong)(zhong)特(te)殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)菌種(zhong)(zhong)——固(gu)(gu)種(zhong)(zhong)液化(hua)(hua)菌種(zhong)(zhong)。具體制備方(fang)法為:首先制備液體菌種(zhong)(zhong),然(ran)后將所得液體菌種(zhong)(zhong)接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)于固(gu)(gu)體培養料進行培養,培養20-30天菌種(zhong)(zhong)長滿菌瓶(ping),最后,挑選長滿無雜菌的(de)(de)(de)菌瓶(ping)在粉碎機中(zhong)粉碎、過篩后接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)到(dao)無菌水中(zhong),直接(jie)生產(chan)接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)。此(ci)種(zhong)(zhong)液化(hua)(hua)菌種(zhong)(zhong)雖(sui)然(ran)活力好,滲透性強(qiang),萌(meng)發點多,產(chan)量高(gao),但(dan)是(shi)由于該技(ji)術液化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)固(gu)(gu)體菌種(zhong)(zhong),存在隱形污染的(de)(de)(de)概率很高(gao),且該技(ji)術液化(hua)(hua)前的(de)(de)(de)步驟繁(fan)瑣(suo),耗時較(jiao)久,成本(ben)較(jiao)高(gao)。另外,整個的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)周期還有縮(suo)短的(de)(de)(de)空間。
技術實現要素:
為此,本(ben)發明所要(yao)解(jie)決的(de)(de)技術(shu)問題(ti)在于克服(fu)現有(you)技術(shu)的(de)(de)不足和(he)問題(ti),從而提出一種(zhong)生產(chan)周期短、生產(chan)成(cheng)本(ben)低、污染風險小的(de)(de)真(zhen)菌(jun)菌(jun)懸液的(de)(de)制(zhi)備方(fang)法及其應用(yong)。
為解決上述技術(shu)問題(ti),本發(fa)明公開(kai)了一種(zhong)真(zhen)菌(jun)菌(jun)懸液的制(zhi)備方(fang)法(fa),所(suo)述方(fang)法(fa)包括如下步驟:1)制(zhi)備液體菌(jun)種(zhong):取母種(zhong)接種(zhong)于滅(mie)菌(jun)冷卻(que)的液體培養基,搖床(chuang)培養,得(de)到(dao)液體菌(jun)種(zhong);
2)過濾洗脫:將步驟1)所得液(ye)體(ti)菌(jun)種過篩,洗脫,得到純菌(jun)絲球;
3)加水粉(fen)碎:將(jiang)步(bu)驟(zou)2)所(suo)得的菌(jun)絲(si)球加入無菌(jun)水粉(fen)碎,得到菌(jun)懸液備用。
優選的,步驟(zou)3)中所(suo)述菌絲球與所(suo)述無菌水(shui)的質量比為1:100。
優選的(de),所(suo)述搖床(chuang)培(pei)養(yang)的(de)溫(wen)度為(wei)20-25℃,搖床(chuang)轉速為(wei)180-220rpm。
優(you)選的,所述的液(ye)體培養基為玉(yu)米/豆餅粉液(ye)體培養基,制備方(fang)法(fa)如下:
將25重(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)份(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)玉米(mi)粉在1000重(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)份(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)冷水(shui)中攪拌,加(jia)(jia)熱(re)至沸騰,持(chi)續加(jia)(jia)熱(re)20分鐘(zhong),然后加(jia)(jia)入(ru)10重(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)份(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)豆餅粉、20重(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)份(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)白糖,再加(jia)(jia)1000重(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)份(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)水(shui),攪拌混(hun)勻(yun),進行(xing)分裝。
優選的,所述母種為(wei)真菌中的擔子菌。
本發明還公開了所述(shu)的菌懸液(ye)在食用菌制備領域(yu)和液(ye)體(ti)菌絲球制備領域(yu)中的應用。
優選的,所述食用菌的制備方法(fa)為:
將10-20重(zhong)量份的(de)菌(jun)懸液(ye)接種至100重(zhong)量份的(de)固(gu)體農廢物培(pei)養料,攪(jiao)拌混勻(yun),培(pei)養處理,得到(dao)所述食用菌(jun)。
優選的(de),所述液體菌絲球的(de)制備方法為:
將5重量份的菌(jun)懸液(ye)接種至100重量份的液(ye)體培養基,搖(yao)床培養,得到(dao)液(ye)體菌(jun)絲球。
更為(wei)(wei)(wei)優選的,所(suo)述(shu)搖床培養(yang)處(chu)理的溫度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)20-25℃,濕度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)60-70%,避(bi)光培養(yang),培養(yang)時間(jian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)7天。
本發(fa)(fa)明的(de)上述技(ji)術(shu)方案相(xiang)比(bi)現有(you)技(ji)術(shu)具(ju)有(you)以下優點:菌(jun)(jun)懸液(ye)不同于傳統的(de)固(gu)體菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong)和深層發(fa)(fa)酵的(de)液(ye)體菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong),也不同于特殊(shu)的(de)固(gu)種(zhong)液(ye)化菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong)。它是將精制的(de)液(ye)體菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong)過濾、稀釋、粉碎后制成的(de)特殊(shu)菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong)。除具(ju)有(you)現有(you)技(ji)術(shu)菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong)活力好,發(fa)(fa)菌(jun)(jun)快,滲透性強,萌發(fa)(fa)點多(duo),產(chan)量(liang)高的(de)優勢(shi)外,還具(ju)有(you)如(ru)下顯著優勢(shi):
(1)操(cao)作簡便(bian):液化前的處理(li)步驟為“母種(zhong)→液體菌種(zhong)”,操(cao)作簡單方便(bian);
(2)接種方(fang)便:現有(you)技術得到的(de)液化菌種均含有(you)一定(ding)量菌渣,不(bu)利(li)于(yu)接種,而本發明完全此方(fang)面的(de)擔(dan)憂;
(3)菌(jun)(jun)齡一致:由于菌(jun)(jun)懸液的(de)(de)滲透性很強,且是(shi)以(yi)(yi)菌(jun)(jun)絲片段而(er)非(fei)菌(jun)(jun)絲球的(de)(de)形式存在,可以(yi)(yi)使絕大(da)部分材料都(dou)能(neng)接種到菌(jun)(jun)絲;發菌(jun)(jun)一致,從而(er)使菌(jun)(jun)袋內的(de)(de)菌(jun)(jun)絲菌(jun)(jun)齡比較一致;
(4)培養周(zhou)期(qi)短:利用菌(jun)(jun)懸液(ye)制(zhi)(zhi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)菌(jun)(jun)袋或菌(jun)(jun)瓶的整個生(sheng)(sheng)長周(zhou)期(qi)為21天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(包(bao)括(kuo)母(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)制(zhi)(zhi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)7天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),液(ye)體(ti)(ti)菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)制(zhi)(zhi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)7天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)7天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)),比(bi)固(gu)體(ti)(ti)菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)提(ti)前30天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)左(zuo)右(you)(固(gu)體(ti)(ti)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)包(bao)括(kuo)母(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)制(zhi)(zhi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)7天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)制(zhi)(zhi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)20天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)25天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)左(zuo)右(you)),比(bi)傳(chuan)統液(ye)體(ti)(ti)菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)提(ti)前15天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)左(zuo)右(you)(液(ye)體(ti)(ti)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)包(bao)括(kuo)母(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)制(zhi)(zhi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)7天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),液(ye)體(ti)(ti)菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)制(zhi)(zhi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)7天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)25天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)左(zuo)右(you)),比(bi)固(gu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)液(ye)化菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)提(ti)前了20天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)左(zuo)右(you)(液(ye)化菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)包(bao)括(kuo)母(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)制(zhi)(zhi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)7天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),液(ye)體(ti)(ti)菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)制(zhi)(zhi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)7天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),固(gu)體(ti)(ti)菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)制(zhi)(zhi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)20天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)左(zuo)右(you))。
(5)節約成本:由于菌懸液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)制備中菌絲(si)球(濕重)與無菌水的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)比為1:100,菌種用量(liang)少,100mL的(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)體菌種可以接種15Kg材料,而制作100mL液(ye)(ye)體菌種所需的(de)(de)營養成分(fen)成本只有(you)0.3元;
(6)污(wu)染概率(lv)低:由于菌(jun)懸液幾(ji)乎不含糖(tang)分類(lei)的營(ying)養物質,大(da)大(da)降(jiang)低了污(wu)染概率(lv),且液化(hua)的是液體菌(jun)種的菌(jun)絲球而非(fei)固體菌(jun)種,幾(ji)乎不存(cun)在隱形污(wu)染,從而降(jiang)低了整個生(sheng)產過程的污(wu)染概率(lv)。
具體實施方式
實施例1
本實施(shi)例公(gong)開了一(yi)種(zhong)真菌(平(ping)菇(gu))菌懸液的制備(bei)方(fang)法,所述方(fang)法包(bao)括如下步(bu)驟:
(1)制(zhi)備液體(ti)菌種(zhong)(zhong):首先(xian)制(zhi)備“玉米(mi)粉+豆餅粉”液體(ti)培(pei)養基(ji)300mL,分(fen)(fen)裝至250mL三角瓶,每瓶100mL,121℃高壓(ya)蒸汽滅(mie)菌30分(fen)(fen)鐘。冷卻后,取2-3塊黃豆大小(xiao)且不帶培(pei)養基(ji)的試管母(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong),搖(yao)床培(pei)養,培(pei)養條件:溫度:20-25℃,轉速:180-220rpm。培(pei)養7天即可獲得液體(ti)菌種(zhong)(zhong);
(2)過濾、洗(xi)脫:將步驟(1)所得液體(ti)菌種過10目篩,并用(yong)無菌水洗(xi)脫3次,得到純(chun)菌絲(si)球45g;
(3)加(jia)水(shui)粉碎(sui):將步(bu)驟(2)所得(de)的純菌絲球(qiu)加(jia)入無菌粉碎(sui)機,并加(jia)4500mL無菌水(shui),粉碎(sui)1分(fen)鐘左(zuo)右,即(ji)得(de)菌懸液備(bei)用。
本實施例還公(gong)開了(le)由(you)所得的(de)菌(jun)懸(xuan)液用制備食用菌(jun)的(de)方法,所述方法步驟如(ru)下:
接種生(sheng)產(chan):首先(xian)按照如下配方—小麥(mai)秸稈40%,棉籽(zi)殼20%,玉米芯30%,麥(mai)麩(fu)9%,生(sheng)石灰1%,稱取共20Kg固體培(pei)養料置于攪拌(ban)機中(zhong),并加入17.5Kg的(de)自來水,充(chong)分攪拌(ban)混勻,121℃高壓蒸汽滅(mie)菌(jun)1.5小時。冷卻后,接種10%的(de)菌(jun)懸(xuan)液,用無菌(jun)攪拌(ban)機攪拌(ban)混勻,裝袋培(pei)養,500g/袋。培(pei)養條件為(wei):溫(wen)度:20-25℃,濕度:60%-70%,避(bi)光;培(pei)養7天后菌(jun)絲(si)即可長滿菌(jun)袋。
培養結束后菌袋(dai)用于食(shi)用菌生(sheng)產或友好型生(sheng)物材料的制(zhi)作。
本實(shi)施例中(zhong),300mL的液(ye)體菌種可以接(jie)種45Kg材料(liao),而制作300mL液(ye)體菌種所需的營養成分(fen)成本只有0.87元。
另外(wai),本發(fa)明制(zhi)(zhi)得(de)的菌懸(xuan)液(ye)7天(tian)(tian)即可滿瓶(ping)或滿袋,整個生(sheng)長周期為(wei)21天(tian)(tian)(包(bao)括母(mu)種(zhong)制(zhi)(zhi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)7天(tian)(tian),液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)菌種(zhong)制(zhi)(zhi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)7天(tian)(tian),接(jie)種(zhong)生(sheng)產7天(tian)(tian)),比(bi)固體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)菌種(zhong)接(jie)種(zhong)提前30天(tian)(tian)左(zuo)右(固體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)接(jie)種(zhong)包(bao)括母(mu)種(zhong)制(zhi)(zhi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)7天(tian)(tian),原種(zhong)制(zhi)(zhi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)20天(tian)(tian),接(jie)種(zhong)生(sheng)產25天(tian)(tian)左(zuo)右),比(bi)液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)菌種(zhong)接(jie)種(zhong)提前15天(tian)(tian)左(zuo)右(液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)接(jie)種(zhong)包(bao)括母(mu)種(zhong)制(zhi)(zhi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)7天(tian)(tian),液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)菌種(zhong)制(zhi)(zhi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)7天(tian)(tian),接(jie)種(zhong)生(sheng)產25天(tian)(tian)左(zuo)右)。
以上所有的步驟均在無菌環境中(zhong)操作。
實施例2
本實施(shi)例公開了(le)一種真菌(金(jin)針菇)菌懸液的制(zhi)備方法,所述方法包括如下步驟:
(1)制備液體(ti)(ti)菌種(zhong):首先制備“玉米粉(fen)+豆餅粉(fen)”液體(ti)(ti)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)基300mL,分(fen)裝至(zhi)250mL三角瓶(ping),每瓶(ping)100mL,121℃高(gao)壓蒸汽(qi)滅(mie)菌30分(fen)鐘。冷(leng)卻后(hou),取2-3塊(kuai)黃豆大小且不帶培(pei)養(yang)(yang)基的試(shi)管母種(zhong)接種(zhong),搖床培(pei)養(yang)(yang),培(pei)養(yang)(yang)條件:溫度(du):20-25℃,轉速(su):180-220rpm。培(pei)養(yang)(yang)7天即可(ke)獲得液體(ti)(ti)菌種(zhong);
(2)過濾、洗脫(tuo):將步(bu)驟(1)所得液體(ti)菌種過10目(mu)篩(shai),并用無(wu)菌水洗脫(tuo)3次,得到純菌絲球45g;
(3)加水(shui)粉碎(sui):將步驟(2)所得的純菌(jun)(jun)絲球加入無菌(jun)(jun)粉碎(sui)機,并加4500mL無菌(jun)(jun)水(shui),粉碎(sui)1分(fen)鐘(zhong)左右(you),即得菌(jun)(jun)懸液備用。
本實(shi)施例還公開了所述(shu)用(yong)菌(jun)懸液(ye)制(zhi)(zhi)備液(ye)體(ti)菌(jun)種(zhong)的(de)(de)方法,具(ju)體(ti)步驟如(ru)下:將5mL菌(jun)懸液(ye)接種(zhong)至100mL滅菌(jun)冷卻的(de)(de)液(ye)體(ti)培養基,搖床培養,培養條件為20-25℃,180-220rpm。培養4-5天培養基中即(ji)可充滿潔白均勻的(de)(de)菌(jun)絲球。制(zhi)(zhi)得的(de)(de)液(ye)體(ti)菌(jun)種(zhong)又可循環(huan)用(yong)于菌(jun)懸液(ye)的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)備,從而使整個的(de)(de)生產周期縮短2-3天。
顯然(ran),上(shang)(shang)述實(shi)施例僅僅是為清楚(chu)地說明所(suo)作的(de)舉例,而(er)并非(fei)對(dui)實(shi)施方式(shi)的(de)限定。對(dui)于(yu)所(suo)屬領域(yu)的(de)普通技術(shu)人員來說,在上(shang)(shang)述說明的(de)基礎上(shang)(shang)還可(ke)以做出其它不(bu)同形(xing)式(shi)的(de)變化或(huo)變動(dong)。這里無(wu)需也無(wu)法對(dui)所(suo)有的(de)實(shi)施方式(shi)予以窮舉。而(er)由此所(suo)引伸出的(de)顯而(er)易見的(de)變化或(huo)變動(dong)仍處于(yu)本發(fa)明創造的(de)保(bao)護范圍之中。