本發(fa)明涉及微囊藻毒素(su)-LR的醫藥用途,尤其(qi)是(shi)微囊藻毒素(su)-LR在制(zhi)備預防和治療肺(fei)纖維化的藥物(wu)中的應用,屬于醫藥技術領域。
背景技術:
肺(fei)(fei)(fei)纖(xian)維(wei)化(hua)(hua)(Pulmonary fibrosis,PF)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)多種(zhong)原因(yin)引(yin)起的(de)嚴重(zhong)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)間(jian)質慢性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)疾(ji)(ji)病(bing)。根據(ju)病(bing)因(yin)可分為繼(ji)發性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)纖(xian)維(wei)化(hua)(hua)(Secondary pulmonary fibrosis,SPF)和特發性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)纖(xian)維(wei)化(hua)(hua)(Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis,IPF)。前者病(bing)因(yin)明確,代表(biao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)病(bing)種(zhong)有(you)塵肺(fei)(fei)(fei)、矽肺(fei)(fei)(fei)、石棉(mian)肺(fei)(fei)(fei),及(ji)自(zi)身免疫性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)疾(ji)(ji)病(bing)相關的(de)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)纖(xian)維(wei)化(hua)(hua)等;后者病(bing)因(yin)不(bu)明確,是(shi)(shi)(shi)目前臨(lin)(lin)床干預(yu)乏(fa)術的(de)常見肺(fei)(fei)(fei)疾(ji)(ji)病(bing)。IPF作為一(yi)種(zhong)慢性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炎(yan)癥性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)質性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)疾(ji)(ji)病(bing),主要表(biao)現(xian)為成纖(xian)維(wei)細(xi)胞灶的(de)出現(xian),大量(liang)細(xi)胞外基質(extracellular matrix,ECM)沉積,膠原積聚(ju),最終導致(zhi)正常肺(fei)(fei)(fei)組織構(gou)型(xing)改變(bian)(bian),肺(fei)(fei)(fei)泡結(jie)構(gou)破壞,是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)慢性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、進行(xing)(xing)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、不(bu)可逆轉(zhuan)的(de)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)結(jie)構(gou)改變(bian)(bian),是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)高死亡率(lv)的(de)臨(lin)(lin)床肺(fei)(fei)(fei)疾(ji)(ji)病(bing)[1]。流行(xing)(xing)病(bing)學研究顯示(shi),IPF發病(bing)率(lv)呈不(bu)斷上升趨勢,由(you)于發病(bing)機制(zhi)不(bu)清,目前沒有(you)確切有(you)效的(de)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)方法,臨(lin)(lin)床也(ye)缺乏(fa)特異性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)藥(yao)物[2],病(bing)情一(yi)般持續性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)進展,最終多死于呼吸衰竭[3],因(yin)此尋找有(you)效的(de)干預(yu)靶點和治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)藥(yao)物十分重(zhong)要。
在整個IPF發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)過(guo)程中(zhong),尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)(shi)疾病早期的(de)炎癥階段,諸多細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)因子(zi)也(ye)參與(yu)其(qi)中(zhong)。從某種意(yi)義(yi)上說,肺纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)化(hua)(hua)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)(shi)從上皮細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)受損、炎癥細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)浸潤和細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)因子(zi)網絡(luo)調控失衡(heng)開始,進而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)增殖、膠原纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)沉(chen)積。。對IPF患者肺組織研究發(fa)現(xian),TGF-β在肺纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)化(hua)(hua)早期主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)由肺泡(pao)(pao)巨噬細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)分(fen)泌,當出現(xian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)灶時,增生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)Ⅱ型肺泡(pao)(pao)上皮細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)上調TGF-β表(biao)達。TGF-β是(shi)(shi)目前已知最強的(de)促(cu)ECM積聚(ju)誘導(dao)因子(zi),也(ye)是(shi)(shi)肺纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)化(hua)(hua)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)機制(zhi)(zhi)研究的(de)熱點(dian)分(fen)子(zi)和治療藥物開發(fa)的(de)一個重要(yao)干預靶點(dian)。近十年研究表(biao)明(ming)(ming),TGF-β可(ke)以促(cu)使上皮間質(zhi)(zhi)轉化(hua)(hua)(epithelial-mesenehymal transition,EMT)[4,5,6]和成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)向肌成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)轉化(hua)(hua),進而導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)ECM積聚(ju)。研究表(biao)明(ming)(ming)用特異(yi)TGF-β抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)劑可(ke)明(ming)(ming)顯下(xia)調肺纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)化(hua)(hua)相關指標[7]。同時TGF-β還可(ke)刺激成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)合成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)ECM、抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)蛋白酶的(de)酶解、抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)肌成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)凋(diao)亡,這些作用都會進一步導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)肺纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)化(hua)(hua)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)和發(fa)展。
TNF-α是(shi)臨床檢驗肺(fei)(fei)纖維化的一個重要指標。在纖維化的肺(fei)(fei)部(bu)組(zu)織中,發現TNF-α大量增殖,TNF-αmRNA的水平(ping)高于正常肺(fei)(fei)組(zu)織[8]。Liu等[9]研(yan)究發現,TNF-α和(he)IL-1β不(bu)但直接促(cu)進纖維化的發生(sheng),而且促(cu)進纖維蛋白溶酶原抑(yi)制物Ⅰ的產生(sheng),抑(yi)制ECM降解。在博來霉素(su)誘導的小鼠肺(fei)(fei)纖維化模型中,內源性的TNF-α過量表達(da)能促(cu)進肺(fei)(fei)纖維化。此(ci)外,當TNF-α與膜受體結合后還可激活(huo)胞內的NF-κB和(he)MAPK通(tong)路,調節基因(yin)轉錄,產生(sheng)包括(kuo)TGF-β,IL-1和(he)IL-6在內的多種(zhong)細胞因(yin)子。
一些(xie)IL能(neng)促(cu)進肺(fei)(fei)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)化(hua)的發生,例如,IL-1和(he)IL-6[10]。IL-1亞(ya)(ya)型IL-1β能(neng)夠(gou)引發促(cu)炎因子IL-6、TNF-α和(he)TGF-β1的表達量迅速(su)增加,引起嚴重的炎癥反(fan)應(ying)。肺(fei)(fei)組織結(jie)構被破壞(huai),造成嚴重損傷,ECM不斷沉積,逐漸形成肺(fei)(fei)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)化(hua)。Markovics發現IL-1β能(neng)夠(gou)通過激活(huo)(huo)TGF-β在細胞膜受體上的avβ8活(huo)(huo)性亞(ya)(ya)基(ji),間(jian)接(jie)激活(huo)(huo)TGF-β,啟動肺(fei)(fei)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)化(hua)[11]。
核(he)因(yin)(yin)(yin)子(zi)(zi)(zi)-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)是一種多(duo)(duo)功能(neng)的(de)(de)核(he)轉錄因(yin)(yin)(yin)子(zi)(zi)(zi),具(ju)有(you)廣泛的(de)(de)生物(wu)(wu)學(xue)活性,能(neng)促(cu)進多(duo)(duo)種細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)因(yin)(yin)(yin)子(zi)(zi)(zi)、黏(nian)附分(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)趨化(hua)因(yin)(yin)(yin)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)基因(yin)(yin)(yin)轉錄。Fujimoto等(deng)[12]給肺(fei)(fei)(fei)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)化(hua)模(mo)型大鼠(shu)胃(wei)(wei)胃(wei)(wei)飼(si)NF-κB信號通(tong)路抑制劑SP100030。一周(zhou)后(hou),將NF-κB胃(wei)(wei)飼(si)組(zu)與對(dui)照組(zu)比較發(fa)現:NF-κ處理鼠(shu)的(de)(de)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)損(sun)傷明顯減(jian)(jian)輕,炎癥因(yin)(yin)(yin)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)分(fen)泌量也明顯減(jian)(jian)少,纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)化(hua)程度(du)減(jian)(jian)輕。表(biao)明NF-κB通(tong)路與肺(fei)(fei)(fei)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)化(hua)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有(you)關。氧化(hua)應激可誘導(dao)NF-κB活化(hua)[13],促(cu)進TGF-β、TNF-α等(deng)炎癥因(yin)(yin)(yin)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)產生,介導(dao)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)泡(pao)炎和(he)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)化(hua)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。Francesco等(deng)[14]研究發(fa)現,當肺(fei)(fei)(fei)組(zu)織氧化(hua)抗氧化(hua)失衡(heng),活性氧產生增(zeng)加,可下(xia)調(diao)谷(gu)胱(guang)甘肽和(he)一氧化(hua)氮的(de)(de)表(biao)達量,造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)單核(he)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)和(he)表(biao)皮(pi)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)調(diao)節異常(chang)。IL-1、IL-6、髓過氧化(hua)物(wu)(wu)酶(mei)、雙氧化(hua)酶(mei)、過氧化(hua)物(wu)(wu)酶(mei)等(deng)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)因(yin)(yin)(yin)子(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)蛋白酶(mei)大量釋(shi)放,造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)嚴重(zhong)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)損(sun)傷和(he)劇(ju)烈的(de)(de)炎癥反應。ECM分(fen)泌增(zeng)加,逐漸(jian)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)化(hua)。
在動物模型中(zhong)(zhong),肺(fei)(fei)損傷之后會發生包括新生血管(guan)(guan)(guan)形(xing)成(cheng)的顯著(zhu)肺(fei)(fei)血管(guan)(guan)(guan)的變(bian)化。有研(yan)究發現,在IPF患者(zhe)中(zhong)(zhong)存(cun)在廣(guang)泛的血管(guan)(guan)(guan)新生。同時,在IPF患者(zhe)血漿中(zhong)(zhong)發現了促(cu)血管(guan)(guan)(guan)生成(cheng)因子和細(xi)胞(bao)因子的表達增加[15]。此(ci)外,Farkas等[16]發現IPF中(zhong)(zhong)存(cun)在微(wei)血管(guan)(guan)(guan)和大血管(guan)(guan)(guan)重(zhong)塑。進(jin)一步的研(yan)究表明,IPF中(zhong)(zhong)的微(wei)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)化區或正(zheng)常肺(fei)(fei)組織區毛細(xi)血管(guan)(guan)(guan)密集程(cheng)度增加,但(dan)在纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)化程(cheng)度最嚴(yan)重(zhong)的區域毛細(xi)血管(guan)(guan)(guan)密集程(cheng)度卻減(jian)少,IPF中(zhong)(zhong)的成(cheng)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)細(xi)胞(bao)灶無血管(guan)(guan)(guan)組織,其周(zhou)圍(wei)是由毛細(xi)血管(guan)(guan)(guan)分布的雜亂(luan)無章的組織所包繞[15]。
VEGF是迄今已知功能效(xiao)應最強(qiang)的(de)(de)血管(guan)生成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)因子之一(yi)[15,17]。VEGF能增(zeng)加(jia)血管(guan)通(tong)透性,是維(wei)持血管(guan)完整性的(de)(de)關鍵因素。VEGF在(zai)博(bo)來霉素誘導(dao)的(de)(de)IPF中存在(zai)作(zuo)用,纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)化肺組織中存在(zai)大(da)量(liang)含VEGF的(de)(de)II型肺泡上皮(pi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)和肌(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao),它們中的(de)(de)VEGF活性增(zeng)強(qiang)可能會誘導(dao)巨(ju)噬細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)活化、肥大(da)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)遷移和聚集,從而將參與(yu)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)化形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)過程的(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)與(yu)血管(guan)新生聯(lian)系起來[15]。內皮(pi)素1(ET-1)被(bei)認(ren)為有促(cu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)和肺泡上皮(pi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)增(zeng)殖,促(cu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)向(xiang)肌(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)分化,促(cu)進膠(jiao)原合成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和抑制膠(jiao)原降解(jie)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用。ET-1能通(tong)過旁(pang)分泌(mi)刺激不同細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)類型誘導(dao)產生大(da)量(liang)促(cu)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)生長因子包(bao)括(kuo)TNF-α、TGF-β和纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)連接蛋白(bai)。此外ET-1可以通(tong)過誘導(dao)VEGF的(de)(de)產生,以增(zeng)強(qiang)新生血管(guan)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。
微(wei)囊(nang)藻(zao)(zao)毒(du)素(Microcystins,MCs)是(shi)(shi)(shi)環(huan)境水(shui)(shui)資源中(zhong)(zhong)藍藻(zao)(zao)水(shui)(shui)華污染產生(sheng)的(de)(de)常見毒(du)素之一,其(qi)主要是(shi)(shi)(shi)通過(guo)抑制絲氨酸(suan)/蘇氨酸(suan)磷酸(suan)酶1和(he)2A(Serine/threonine protein phosphatases 1 and 2A,PP1和(he)PP2A)的(de)(de)活性而(er)產生(sheng)毒(du)性。目前發現MCs有80多種異(yi)構(gou)體,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)微(wei)囊(nang)藻(zao)(zao)毒(du)素-LR(MC-LR)存在面廣,且是(shi)(shi)(shi)MCs中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)性最強的(de)(de)一種異(yi)構(gou)體。我(wo)們早期的(de)(de)研(yan)究發現,給予(yu)小(xiao)鼠連續(xu)12個月(yue)飲(yin)水(shui)(shui)暴露MC-LR,小(xiao)鼠肺(fei)部(bu)僅出現炎癥反應,但沒有發生(sheng)肺(fei)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)化現象,說(shuo)明MC-LR可(ke)能存在抗纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)化作用(yong),但迄今為止(zhi),未見有關微(wei)囊(nang)藻(zao)(zao)毒(du)素-LR抗肺(fei)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)化的(de)(de)生(sheng)物活性或臨(lin)床應用(yong)方面的(de)(de)研(yan)究。
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技術實現要素:
本發(fa)明公開了微囊藻毒素-LR的(de)醫藥新用(yong)途,即微囊藻毒素-LR用(yong)于(yu)制備預防和/或(huo)治(zhi)療(liao)肺纖維(wei)化疾(ji)病的(de)藥物的(de)用(yong)途。
通(tong)(tong)過(guo)博來霉素(su)誘導(dao)大鼠(shu)肺纖維化這一經典模型,通(tong)(tong)過(guo)MC-LR干(gan)預比較(jiao)及相關(guan)分子分析,創新(xin)性(xing)的提(ti)出MC-LR可(ke)從抑(yi)制(zhi)TGF-β通(tong)(tong)路和抑(yi)制(zhi)血管生成途徑,有效阻止肺纖維化進程。
基(ji)于以(yi)上(shang)研究本發明提供了(le)MC-LR在干預、治療大鼠肺纖維化的藥物中的應用(yong)。
本(ben)發明提供了(le)MC-LR為抑制(zhi)BLM誘導的(de)(de)肺纖維(wei)化相關分子TGF-β、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、NF-κB、ET-1mRNA表達的(de)(de)藥物(wu)中的(de)(de)應用。
本(ben)發明提供了MC-LR可促進抗BLM誘導的肺纖維(wei)化相關(guan)分子(zi)Nrf2mRNA表達的藥物(wu)中的應用。
本發明提供了MC-LR為抑制BLM誘導的(de)肺組織血(xue)管(guan)生成的(de)藥物中的(de)應(ying)用(yong)。
本發(fa)明提供了(le)在MC異構體中尋(xun)找干預、治療(liao)大鼠肺纖維化藥物的線索。
本發(fa)(fa)明經過驗證,微(wei)囊(nang)藻毒(du)素(su)(su)-LR可以(yi)改善由博(bo)來霉素(su)(su)引發(fa)(fa)的(de)肺(fei)纖維化(hua)狀態。微(wei)囊(nang)藻毒(du)素(su)(su)-LR可抑制(zhi)博(bo)萊(lai)霉素(su)(su)引發(fa)(fa)的(de)肺(fei)纖維化(hua)相關分子TGF-β、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、NF-κB、ET-1mRNA表達的(de)升高。微(wei)囊(nang)藻毒(du)素(su)(su)-LR可抑制(zhi)博(bo)萊(lai)霉素(su)(su)引發(fa)(fa)的(de)肺(fei)組織VEGF mRNA表達的(de)增高。微(wei)囊(nang)藻毒(du)素(su)(su)-LR通(tong)過TGF-β/Smad通(tong)路及抑制(zhi)血管(guan)生成(cheng)等途徑(jing),干預(yu)并緩解(jie)博(bo)萊(lai)霉素(su)(su)誘導大鼠肺(fei)纖維化(hua)。為制(zhi)備(bei)預(yu)防(fang)和/或治療肺(fei)纖維化(hua)疾(ji)病的(de)藥物提(ti)供新的(de)途徑(jing)。
附圖說明
圖(tu)(tu)1為MC-LR對(dui)各組(zu)肺(fei)(fei)組(zu)織(zhi)炎(yan)癥程度(du)(du)的影響(Masson染色×200)。其中A為空白組(zu)大(da)(da)鼠(shu)(shu)肺(fei)(fei)組(zu)織(zhi)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程度(du)(du)(Masson染色×200)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)圖(tu)(tu);B為博(bo)來(lai)霉素誘(you)導肺(fei)(fei)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)模型大(da)(da)鼠(shu)(shu)肺(fei)(fei)組(zu)織(zhi)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程度(du)(du)(Masson染色×200)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)圖(tu)(tu);C為采(cai)用博(bo)來(lai)霉素誘(you)導肺(fei)(fei)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou),第7天開始(shi)(shi)給予(yu)MC-LR干(gan)預(yu)(yu)后(hou)(hou)大(da)(da)鼠(shu)(shu)肺(fei)(fei)組(zu)織(zhi)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程度(du)(du)(Masson染色×200)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)圖(tu)(tu);D為采(cai)用博(bo)來(lai)霉素誘(you)導肺(fei)(fei)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou),第14天開始(shi)(shi)給予(yu)MC-LR干(gan)預(yu)(yu)后(hou)(hou)大(da)(da)鼠(shu)(shu)肺(fei)(fei)組(zu)織(zhi)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程度(du)(du)(Masson染色×200)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)圖(tu)(tu);E為采(cai)用博(bo)來(lai)霉素誘(you)導肺(fei)(fei)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou),第28天開始(shi)(shi)給予(yu)MC-LR干(gan)預(yu)(yu)后(hou)(hou)大(da)(da)鼠(shu)(shu)肺(fei)(fei)組(zu)織(zhi)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程度(du)(du)(Masson染色×200)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)圖(tu)(tu);F為各組(zu)大(da)(da)鼠(shu)(shu)肺(fei)(fei)組(zu)織(zhi)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程度(du)(du)統計結(jie)(jie)果(guo)。
圖2為各(ge)組大鼠肺組織中TGF-βmRNA表達情況(kuang)。MC-LR各(ge)處理組均對博來霉素誘導的TGF-β上(shang)升(sheng)產生一定的抑(yi)制作用。
圖3為(wei)各組大鼠(shu)肺組織(zhi)中TNF-αmRNA表達(da)情況。MC-LR各處(chu)理組均(jun)對博來(lai)霉素誘導的(de)TNF-α上升產(chan)生明顯的(de)抑制作用,且(qie)早期處(chu)理組抑制作用更為(wei)顯著。
圖(tu)4為各組大鼠肺組織中IL-1βmRNA表(biao)達情況。MC-LR各處理(li)組均對博來霉(mei)素誘導(dao)的(de)IL-1β上升產(chan)生明顯的(de)抑制作用,三組處理(li)組間無顯著差異。
圖(tu)5為(wei)各組大(da)鼠(shu)肺(fei)組織(zhi)中IL-6mRNA表達情況。MC-LR各處理組均(jun)對(dui)博來霉素(su)誘導(dao)的(de)IL-6上升(sheng)產生(sheng)明顯的(de)抑制作用(yong)(yong),且早期(qi)處理表現出更為(wei)顯著的(de)抑制作用(yong)(yong)。
圖6為(wei)各組(zu)大鼠(shu)肺組(zu)織(zhi)中NF-κB mRNA表達情況。MC-LR各處理組(zu)均對博來霉素誘(you)導的NF-κB上升產生(sheng)明顯的抑制(zhi)作用,晚期處理組(zu)呈現明顯差異。
圖7為各(ge)組大鼠肺組織中ET-1mRNA表達情況(kuang)。MC-LR各(ge)處理(li)組均對博來(lai)霉素誘導的ET-1上升產生(sheng)明(ming)顯的抑制(zhi)作用,且處理(li)在(zai)較后(hou)期進行(xing)反而(er)呈現較為顯著的抑制(zhi)作用。
圖8為各組(zu)大(da)鼠肺組(zu)織中Nrf2mRNA表達(da)情(qing)況。博來霉素及MC-LR各處理組(zu)均呈現Nrf2mRNA表達(da)上升(sheng)。
圖(tu)9為各組(zu)大鼠肺組(zu)織中VEGF mRNA表(biao)達情況。MC-LR各處理(li)(li)組(zu)均(jun)有效抑制由博來霉素誘導的VEGF表(biao)達上(shang)升,且較晚處理(li)(li)效果(guo)更佳。
具體實施方式
實施例
用(yong)博萊霉素(su)制作的肺(fei)(fei)纖維(wei)化(hua)模(mo)型(xing),其病(bing)理(li)組織(zhi)學和生(sheng)理(li)學改變與人類肺(fei)(fei)纖維(wei)化(hua)近似(si),因(yin)此已(yi)成(cheng)為國際(ji)、國內(nei)各實驗室構建肺(fei)(fei)纖維(wei)化(hua)動物模(mo)型(xing)的常(chang)用(yong)藥物。博萊霉素(su)經口腔氣(qi)管內(nei)滴注給藥可誘(you)導大鼠發生(sheng)肺(fei)(fei)纖維(wei)化(hua),對照為生(sheng)理(li)鹽水口腔氣(qi)管內(nei)滴注給大鼠。
實(shi)驗動(dong)物:SPF級Sprague Dawley大鼠,雄性,體(ti)重150g-200g,常州(zhou)卡(ka)文斯(si)實(shi)驗動(dong)物有限公(gong)司提供(gong),動(dong)物合格(ge)證(zheng)號為(wei):SCXK(蘇)2011-0003。
大(da)鼠(shu)(shu)博(bo)來霉素(BLM)誘導的(de)肺纖(xian)維化模型的(de)建立:SD成(cheng)年雄性大(da)鼠(shu)(shu),腹腔注(zhu)射氨基(ji)甲酸乙酯(烏拉坦,200g/L)1g/kg進行麻醉,大(da)鼠(shu)(shu)麻醉后(hou)(hou),固(gu)定,經口行氣管插管,注(zhu)入博(bo)來霉素(5mg/kg)。然后(hou)(hou)迅速將鼠(shu)(shu)板直立,旋轉鼠(shu)(shu)板,觀察大(da)鼠(shu)(shu)呼吸情況。將大(da)鼠(shu)(shu)放(fang)回干燥潔凈的(de)鼠(shu)(shu)籠休息,等待蘇醒,之后(hou)(hou)正常飼養。實驗室條件下飼養60天(tian)(即通氣良好的(de)20℃恒溫(wen)環境中,每12小時光照與(yu)黑暗交(jiao)替,水糧(liang)足量,自(zi)由(you)取用),60天(tian)后(hou)(hou)取大(da)鼠(shu)(shu)肺臟(zang)組織(zhi),石(shi)蠟包(bao)埋固(gu)定,部分肺組織(zhi)冷凍保存。
取(qu)6-8周成年(nian)SD大(da)(da)鼠(shu)(shu)30只(zhi),采用隨(sui)機分(fen)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)辦(ban)法,將(jiang)小鼠(shu)(shu)隨(sui)機分(fen)為(wei)5組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),分(fen)空白對(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(control),模型(xing)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(BLM),建模加(jia)MC-LR給藥(yao)(yao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(BLM7+MC-LR、BLM14+MC-LR和(he)BLM28+MC-LR),每(mei)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)各6只(zhi)。按照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)如(ru)上(shang)所述(shu)的(de)(de)方法建模(對(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)滴注生理鹽(yan)水)。control組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、BLM組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)建模后(hou)(hou)自(zi)然(ran)飲(yin)(yin)水(滅菌超純水),建模加(jia)MC-LR給藥(yao)(yao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)分(fen)別在(zai)建模后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)第7天(tian)(BLM7+MC-LR)、第14天(tian)(BLM14+MC-LR)和(he)第28天(tian)(BLM28+MC-LR)開始給予濃度20μg/L的(de)(de)MC-LR自(zi)然(ran)飲(yin)(yin)水。大(da)(da)鼠(shu)(shu)于建模后(hou)(hou)第60天(tian)麻醉后(hou)(hou),心臟取(qu)血(xue),處死。收集大(da)(da)鼠(shu)(shu)肺(fei)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi),用PBS沖(chong)洗2次(ci),去除(chu)表(biao)面(mian)殘余的(de)(de)血(xue)液(ye)。左上(shang)葉肺(fei)入4%甲醛中固(gu)定(ding)(ding),逐級酒精脫水,二甲苯透(tou)明,浸蠟(la)(la),石蠟(la)(la)包埋后(hou)(hou),常規(gui)切片,Masson染色,進行肺(fei)纖維化形態學(xue)觀(guan)察,結(jie)果如(ru)圖1。其(qi)余肺(fei)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)直接放置液(ye)氮里(li),用于其(qi)他測定(ding)(ding),如(ru)mRNA測定(ding)(ding)。
所有數(shu)據均用均數(shu)±SD(x±s)表示。應(ying)用SPSS11.5統(tong)計軟件處理,統(tong)計采用單因素方差(cha)分析(xi)(one-way ANOVA),P<0.05表示差(cha)異有統(tong)計學意(yi)義。
結果
如(ru)圖1中A空白;B博(bo)萊霉素(su)模型;C~E不同(tong)時間MC-LR處理(li)組(zu)(zu);F肺(fei)(fei)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)程度統計(ji)圖。病理(li)組(zu)(zu)織切片經Masson染(ran)色(se)(se),結果表明對照(zhao)組(zu)(zu)大鼠(shu)肺(fei)(fei)組(zu)(zu)織內可(ke)見少(shao)量染(ran)成(cheng)藍色(se)(se)的膠原(yuan)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei),是細胞外基質的主(zhu)要組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)部分。模型組(zu)(zu)大鼠(shu)肺(fei)(fei)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)化形(xing)成(cheng),Masson染(ran)色(se)(se)后可(ke)見多量致密(mi)被染(ran)成(cheng)藍色(se)(se)的膠原(yuan)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei),呈束狀或片狀沉積,基本符(fu)合肺(fei)(fei)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)化的特點,說(shuo)明實驗(yan)大鼠(shu)肺(fei)(fei)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)化模型制備成(cheng)功。經MC-LR處理(li)后,可(ke)見大鼠(shu)肺(fei)(fei)組(zu)(zu)織成(cheng)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)細胞增生、膠原(yuan)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)沉積程度均比(bi)模型組(zu)(zu)輕(qing)。
圖2結果顯示MC-LR在20ug/L下(xia)可不(bu)同程(cheng)度的(de)(de)降(jiang)低TGF-β含量,較(jiao)好地干預BLM誘(you)導的(de)(de)大鼠肺纖(xian)維化(hua)發展程(cheng)度。TGF-β是組(zu)織纖(xian)維化(hua)中公認的(de)(de)致纖(xian)維化(hua)因子(zi),通過經典的(de)(de)TGF-β1/Smads途徑參(can)與纖(xian)維化(hua)進程(cheng)。
TNF-α是(shi)一種(zhong)具有(you)廣泛生(sheng)物活(huo)性的(de)(de)(de)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)因(yin)子(zi),主要來(lai)源于活(huo)化的(de)(de)(de)巨噬細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)、肥大細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)T淋巴(ba)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao),是(shi)致(zhi)炎因(yin)子(zi)刺激(ji)下機體組織產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)免疫防御因(yin)子(zi),它可促(cu)進(jin)內皮(pi)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)表(biao)達黏(nian)附分子(zi),增(zeng)(zeng)進(jin)白細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)與之(zhi)黏(nian)著,促(cu)進(jin)中性粒(li)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)聚集(ji)和(he)激(ji)活(huo)間質(zhi)組織釋放(fang)蛋(dan)白水解酶,刺激(ji)肺成纖(xian)維細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)生(sheng)和(he)膠原的(de)(de)(de)合(he)成。適(shi)量的(de)(de)(de)TNF-α對肺泡正常結構的(de)(de)(de)維持和(he)防止(zhi)肺纖(xian)維化是(shi)必要的(de)(de)(de),過(guo)量內源性TNF-α的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)達能促(cu)進(jin)肺纖(xian)維化的(de)(de)(de)形成和(he)發展。
圖3研究結果顯(xian)(xian)示,MC-LR干(gan)預各組(zu)(zu)均能有效(xiao)抑(yi)制BLM誘導的TNF-α表(biao)達的上升,且建模7天即(ji)開始干(gan)預的組(zu)(zu)大(da)鼠(shu)肺組(zu)(zu)織中TNF-α表(biao)達減少最為(wei)(wei)顯(xian)(xian)著(zhu)。MC-LR各處理(li)組(zu)(zu)均對(dui)博萊霉素誘導的TNF-α上升產生明顯(xian)(xian)的抑(yi)制作用,且早期處理(li)組(zu)(zu)抑(yi)制作用更為(wei)(wei)顯(xian)(xian)著(zhu)。
圖4對大鼠肺組(zu)(zu)織中IL-1βmRNA檢測顯示,MC-LR各處(chu)(chu)理(li)組(zu)(zu)均對博來霉素(su)誘(you)導的(de)IL-1β上升產生(sheng)明顯的(de)抑制作用(yong)(yong),三組(zu)(zu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)組(zu)(zu)間無(wu)顯著差異。有大量研究表明IL-1β在肺組(zu)(zu)織損傷和修(xiu)復過(guo)程中起直接(jie)作用(yong)(yong),IL-1β能夠(gou)有效的(de)誘(you)導TGFβ造(zao)成肺纖維化的(de)形成。
IL-6是一(yi)種(zhong)由多種(zhong)細胞(bao)包(bao)括(kuo)成(cheng)纖維(wei)細胞(bao)產生的(de)多功能細胞(bao)因(yin)子(zi),通過(guo)自分(fen)泌或旁分(fen)泌方式作用于多種(zhong)細胞(bao)包(bao)括(kuo)成(cheng)纖維(wei)細胞(bao)。越(yue)來越(yue)多的(de)證據表(biao)明IL-6可(ke)能是一(yi)種(zhong)促纖維(wei)化細胞(bao)因(yin)子(zi)。如圖5顯示,IL-6在MC-LR處(chu)理后(hou)可(ke)以顯著(zhu)抵(di)抗由BLM引發的(de)IL-6表(biao)達增高(gao),且MC-LR處(chu)理越(yue)早抑制效果越(yue)明顯。
NF-κB是一個二聚化合物的轉(zhuan)錄因(yin)(yin)子,存在于胞(bao)(bao)漿內(nei),當被激活后進入胞(bao)(bao)核,誘導基因(yin)(yin)表達,參與(yu)轉(zhuan)錄調控多(duo)種細胞(bao)(bao)因(yin)(yin)子(如(ru)TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、TGF-β等)的基因(yin)(yin)表達,通過不同的機制(zhi)促進肺(fei)纖維化的發生和發展。如(ru)圖6顯(xian)示,MC-LR各(ge)處理組(zu)(zu)均對博來霉素誘導的NF-κB上升產生明顯(xian)的抑制(zhi)作用,且晚(wan)期處理組(zu)(zu)差異顯(xian)著(zhu)。
如圖7所示,內皮(pi)(pi)素1(ET-1)被認為有促(cu)成纖維(wei)細胞和肺(fei)泡上皮(pi)(pi)細胞增殖,促(cu)成纖維(wei)細胞向肌(ji)纖維(wei)母(mu)細胞分化,促(cu)膠原(yuan)纖維(wei)合成,并抑(yi)制膠原(yuan)纖維(wei)降解(jie)的作用。在本研究(jiu)中(zhong),我們觀察(cha)到肺(fei)組(zu)織中(zhong)的ET1在BLM處理組(zu)顯(xian)著上升,而在MC-LR的三組(zu)中(zhong)均(jun)發生不同程度的下降,具統計學差異。
Nrf2主要通過抗(kang)氧(yang)化反應(ying)元件調控多種抗(kang)氧(yang)化基因(yin)的表(biao)達,進而增加抗(kang)氧(yang)化物質的生成,抑制肺(fei)纖維(wei)化的發生發展。如(ru)圖8研究結果(guo)顯(xian)(xian)示,BLM組(zu)肺(fei)組(zu)織(zhi)中Nrf2mRNA發生上調,MC-LR干(gan)預后(hou)Nrf2的表(biao)達增加更為(wei)明顯(xian)(xian)。
近年來血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在肺(fei)(fei)(fei)纖維(wei)化發生(sheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)作用日益受到重(zhong)視,血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)可(ke)能(neng)是(shi)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)纖維(wei)化形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)關鍵環節。很(hen)多研究發現在BLM誘導的(de)(de)(de)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)纖維(wei)化動物(wu)模型中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),抑制促血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)因(yin)子(zi)或給予抗血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)因(yin)子(zi)干預、減(jian)輕血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)可(ke)緩(huan)解(jie)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)纖維(wei)化的(de)(de)(de)進展。血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)內皮生(sheng)長因(yin)子(zi)(VEGF)是(shi)目前己知(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)最主要的(de)(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)因(yin)子(zi),能(neng)夠促進新(xin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),增加血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)通(tong)透(tou)性,并(bing)參與炎性細胞浸潤。我(wo)們的(de)(de)(de)結果同樣(yang)顯示,在BLM組肺(fei)(fei)(fei)組織中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)VEGF過(guo)度表達,而給予MC-LR干預后能(neng)有(you)效阻抑VEGF的(de)(de)(de)表達,如圖(tu)9所示。
除上述實(shi)施外(wai),本(ben)發明(ming)還可(ke)以(yi)有其他實(shi)施方式。凡采用等(deng)同替(ti)換或(huo)等(deng)效變換形成的技(ji)術方案,均落在本(ben)發明(ming)要求(qiu)的保護范(fan)圍。