本發明(ming)涉及一種超級(ji)電(dian)容(rong)器用氧化還原型復合(he)電(dian)解液(ye)，是以(yi)桑色素或醌茜素磺(huang)酸(suan)為電(dian)解液(ye)活(huo)性劑，與硫酸(suan)溶液(ye)形成的復合(he)電(dian)解液(ye)，屬(shu)于超級(ji)電(dian)容(rong)器電(dian)解液(ye)的活(huo)性劑領(ling)域

背景技術：

超(chao)級(ji)電(dian)容器(qi)(supercapacitors)作為(wei)(wei)一種新型的(de)(de)儲(chu)能(neng)器(qi)件，具有(you)高(gao)功率、自身壽(shou)命和循環壽(shou)命長、充放電(dian)速度快、效率高(gao)、對環境無污染(ran)、使用(yong)(yong)溫度范圍寬和安全性高(gao)等特點，成為(wei)(wei)新能(neng)源領(ling)域的(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)熱點。為(wei)(wei)了(le)提升(sheng)超(chao)級(ji)電(dian)容器(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)化學(xue)性能(neng)，通常可(ke)(ke)以調(diao)控電(dian)極材(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)類型和用(yong)(yong)量，亦可(ke)(ke)以通過(guo)調(diao)控電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)的(de)(de)類型和用(yong)(yong)量來改變超(chao)級(ji)電(dian)容器(qi)的(de)(de)性能(neng)。目前(qian)，科學(xue)家們(men)主要集中在炭電(dian)極材(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)調(diao)控與優化領(ling)域，而對于電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)方(fang)面的(de)(de)研究較少。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)是(shi)具有離子(zi)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)性的溶液(ye)，為超級電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器的正常工作提供(gong)離子(zi)，是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容中關鍵(jian)的組成部分之一(yi)。理想的電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)應(ying)具備以(yi)下特點：(1)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率要高。(2)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)本身不(bu)應(ying)該與電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)材料發(fa)生化學或電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反(fan)應(ying)，且有較高的分解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。(3)使(shi)用溫度范圍要寬(kuan)，至少要在-25～70℃的溫度范圍內(nei)均能(neng)夠穩定工作。(4)對環境污染小，最(zui)好是(shi)無(wu)(wu)毒、無(wu)(wu)味(wei)、不(bu)易燃燒、配(pei)比(bi)簡單(dan)、價格低廉。根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)形態不(bu)同可將其(qi)分為：液(ye)態、固體、凝(ning)膠(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質三(san)類。

技術實現要素：

本發明旨在提供一種超(chao)級電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)用氧化還(huan)原(yuan)型復合電(dian)解液，所要解決的技術問(wen)題(ti)是通過(guo)優(you)化電(dian)解液的組成以提高超(chao)級電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)的電(dian)化學性能。

本發(fa)明超級電容器用氧化還原(yuan)型復(fu)合(he)電解(jie)(jie)液，是(shi)由空白電解(jie)(jie)液和電解(jie)(jie)液活性(xing)(xing)劑復(fu)配后形成的復(fu)合(he)電解(jie)(jie)液，所述(shu)空白電解(jie)(jie)液為硫酸溶(rong)液，所述(shu)電解(jie)(jie)液活性(xing)(xing)劑為桑(sang)色素(su)或(huo)醌茜素(su)磺酸；

復合電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)活性劑的濃度為(wei)0.1-30mmol/L，優選范圍0.5-10mmol/L，復合電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)中(zhong)硫酸的濃度為(wei)1-5mol/L。

在三(san)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)體系中，以(yi)鉑電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(6cm 2)為(wei)輔助電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，飽和甘汞電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)為(wei)參比電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，按炭材料(liao)∶石墨∶聚四(si)氟乙烯乳液(ye)的(de)(de)質量比為(wei)80:15:5制備的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)為(wei)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，本(ben)發明制備的(de)(de)復合電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)為(wei)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)。采用電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學工作站進行(xing)循環伏安、恒(heng)流充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)交(jiao)流阻抗等電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學測試(shi)。

與已有技術相(xiang)比，本(ben)發明的有益(yi)效果體現(xian)在：

1、本發明提出在(zai)電化學測試(shi)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)硫酸溶(rong)液為電解(jie)液中(zhong)(zhong)添(tian)加桑色素或醌(kun)茜

素磺酸(suan)作為(wei)新型氧化還原型電解液活性劑，具有廉(lian)價、易得(de)的特(te)點。

2、本(ben)發明所得(de)到的(de)復(fu)合電(dian)解液(ye)(硫酸溶液(ye)為電(dian)解液(ye)、桑(sang)色素(su)或醌茜素(su)磺酸作(zuo)為氧化還原型活性)組(zu)裝形成超級電(dian)容器，具有比電(dian)容高、循環性能好等特點(dian)。

3、本發明(ming)反(fan)應周期短(duan)，易于操作(zuo)，對(dui)反(fan)應條件要求(qiu)不高，可實現高必能超級電(dian)容器的規模化工業(ye)生產。

具體實施方式

實施例1：

在三(san)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)體系中(zhong)，以鉑電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(6cm 2)為(wei)(wei)(wei)輔助電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)，飽和甘汞(gong)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)參比電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)，按(an)炭材料∶石(shi)墨∶聚四(si)氟(fu)乙烯乳(ru)液(ye)的(de)質量比為(wei)(wei)(wei)80:15:5制備的(de)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)工作電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)，利用(yong)(yong)復合電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)為(wei)(wei)(wei)工作電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)。采用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)化學工作站進行循環伏安、恒流充放電(dian)(dian)及交流阻抗等(deng)電(dian)(dian)化學測試。復合電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)為(wei)(wei)(wei)H 2 SO 4和桑(sang)色素(su)(su)的(de)混(hun)合溶液(ye)，其中(zhong)硫酸的(de)濃度為(wei)(wei)(wei)1mol/L，桑(sang)色素(su)(su)的(de)濃度為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.5mmol/L。

實施例2：

在三電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)體系中，以(yi)鉑電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(6cm 2)為輔助電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，飽和甘汞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)為參比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，按炭料∶石墨∶聚(ju)四(si)氟乙烯乳液的(de)(de)質(zhi)量比為80:15:5制(zhi)備的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)為工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，利用復合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液為工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液。采用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學(xue)工作站進(jin)行循環伏安、恒(heng)流(liu)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及交流(liu)阻抗等(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學(xue)測(ce)試。

復(fu)合電解液為(wei)H 2 SO 4和桑(sang)色素(su)的(de)混(hun)合溶液，其中硫(liu)酸的(de)濃度為(wei)1mol/L，桑(sang)色素(su)的(de)濃度為(wei)1.5mmol/L。

實施例3：

在三電(dian)極(ji)(ji)體(ti)系中，以鉑(bo)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(6cm 2)為(wei)(wei)輔助電(dian)極(ji)(ji)，飽和甘汞電(dian)極(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)參(can)比電(dian)極(ji)(ji)，按炭材料∶石墨∶聚四(si)氟(fu)乙(yi)烯乳液(ye)(ye)的質量比為(wei)(wei)80:15:5制備的電(dian)極(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)工(gong)作電(dian)極(ji)(ji)，利用(yong)復(fu)合電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)工(gong)作電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)。采用(yong)電(dian)化(hua)學工(gong)作站進(jin)行循環伏安、恒流充放(fang)電(dian)及(ji)交流阻抗(kang)等電(dian)化(hua)學測試。復(fu)合電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)H 2 SO 4和醌茜素磺酸(suan)的混合溶液(ye)(ye)，其中硫酸(suan)的濃(nong)度為(wei)(wei)1mol/L，醌茜素磺酸(suan)的濃(nong)度為(wei)(wei)5mmol/L。