本發明(ming)涉及(ji)一種超(chao)級(ji)電容器用復合(he)電解液(ye),是以堿(jian)性棕或直接(jie)黑作為電解液(ye)助(zhu)劑,與KOH溶(rong)液(ye)形成復合(he)電解液(ye),屬(shu)于超(chao)級(ji)電容器電解液(ye)助(zhu)劑領域。
背景技術:
電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液是具(ju)有離子導電(dian)(dian)(dian)性的(de)(de)溶液,為超級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)的(de)(de)正常(chang)工作提(ti)供離子,是電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)中重要的(de)(de)組成(cheng)部分。它主要由溶劑、電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)質和添加(jia)(jia)劑三部分組成(cheng),溶劑是水或有機物,電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)質多為有機或無機鹽(yan),添加(jia)(jia)劑包(bao)括抗氧(yang)化劑和穩(wen)定(ding)劑等。理想的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液應具(ju)備以(yi)下特點:
(1)電(dian)導(dao)率要高。(2)電(dian)解液本身不(bu)應該(gai)與(yu)電(dian)極材料發(fa)生(sheng)化學或電(dian)化學反應,且有較高的分(fen)解電(dian)壓(ya)。(3)使用溫度范圍要寬,至(zhi)少要在-25~70℃的溫度范圍內均(jun)能夠穩定工作。(4)對環境污染(ran)小,最(zui)好是無(wu)毒、無(wu)味、不(bu)易燃燒、配比簡單、價格低廉。根據電(dian)解液形態(tai)不(bu)同可(ke)將其分(fen)為:液態(tai)、固體、凝膠(jiao)電(dian)解質三類。
為了進(jin)一步提(ti)升超級電容器性能的要(yao)求(qiu),科學家圍(wei)繞(rao)著電解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)開展研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu),當前的研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)主(zhu)要(yao)集中(zhong)在(zai)電解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)的溶劑和電解(jie)質方(fang)面(mian)。電解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)的添加劑方(fang)面(mian)主(zhu)要(yao)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)領(ling)域(yu)集中(zhong)在(zai)電解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)H2SO4中(zhong)添加KI、KBr、VOSO4、氫(qing)醌、亞(ya)甲基藍、木質素磺(huang)酸(suan)鹽(yan)等(deng);電解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)KOH中(zhong)添加K4Fe(CN)6、K3Fe(CN)6、對(dui)(dui)苯二(er)胺、鄰苯二(er)胺等(deng)。就電解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)KOH中(zhong)添加劑而(er)言(yan),主(zhu)要(yao)集中(zhong)在(zai)對(dui)(dui)苯二(er)胺領(ling)域(yu)。
C.I.堿(jian)性(xing)棕(zong)5(本發明中(zhong)簡稱為堿(jian)性(xing)棕(zong),結構式(shi)如下)為棕(zong)紅色粉末,可溶于KOH溶液(ye),常用(yong)于pH指示(shi)劑或(huo)沉淀滴定指示(shi)劑。在(zai)超(chao)級電容器(qi)的充放電過程中(zhong),由于該(gai)物(wu)質含(han)有4個氨基,在(zai)KOH電解液(ye)中(zhong)可以得(de)失4個電子,從而能(neng)夠(gou)大幅度提升超(chao)級電容器(qi)的電化學性(xing)能(neng)。
目前(qian),就超級電容器的(de)氧(yang)化(hua)還原型電解液的(de)活性劑而言(yan),鮮有報道。
技術實現要素:
本發明旨(zhi)在提(ti)供一種(zhong)超級電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)用復(fu)合(he)(he)電(dian)解(jie)液(ye),利用含有氨(an)基的堿性棕(或直接黑)為氧(yang)化還原型電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)助劑,與KOH溶液(ye)形(xing)成(cheng)復(fu)合(he)(he)電(dian)解(jie)液(ye),能夠顯著提(ti)高超級電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)的電(dian)化學性能。
本(ben)發明(ming)超(chao)級電容器用復(fu)合電解液是由(you)空白(bai)電解液和電解液助劑(ji)復(fu)配后形成的復(fu)合電解液,所述(shu)空白(bai)電解液為KOH溶液,所述(shu)電解液助劑(ji)為堿性棕或直(zhi)接黑。
復(fu)合電解(jie)液(ye)中KOH的濃(nong)度為1-10mol/L,電解(jie)液(ye)助劑的濃(nong)度為0.1-30mmol/L,優(you)選范圍0.5-15mmol/L。
電化學性能測試:
在三電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)體系中,以鉑電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(6cm 2)為(wei)輔助電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji),飽和甘(gan)汞(gong)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)為(wei)參比電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji),按炭材料∶石墨∶聚四氟(fu)乙烯乳液(ye)的質量比為(wei)80:15:5制(zhi)備的電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)為(wei)工作電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji),本發明制(zhi)備的復(fu)合電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)為(wei)工作電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)。采用電(dian)(dian)化學(xue)工作站(zhan)進行循環(huan)伏安、恒流充放電(dian)(dian)及(ji)交流阻(zu)抗(kang)等電(dian)(dian)化學(xue)測試。
與已有(you)技術相比,本發明的有(you)益效果(guo)體現在(zai):
1、本發明提出在(zai)電化學測試過程中,在(zai)KOH溶液為電解液中添加堿性棕或(huo)直接(jie)黑作為新型氧化還原型電解液助劑(ji),具有廉價(jia)、易得等特點。
2、本發明所得到(dao)的復合電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)(KOH溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)為電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)、堿性棕或(huo)直(zhi)接黑作(zuo)為電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)助劑)組(zu)裝(zhuang)形成超級電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器,具有比電(dian)(dian)容(rong)高(gao)、循環性能好等特點(dian)。
3、本發明(ming)易于操作、安全可靠、穩定性好,可實現高(gao)比能超級電容器(qi)的規模化(hua)工業生產。
具體實施方式
實施例1:
在三電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)體系(xi)中,以鉑電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(6cm 2)為(wei)輔助(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji),飽和甘(gan)汞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)為(wei)參(can)比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji),按炭材料∶石(shi)墨∶聚四氟乙(yi)烯乳液(ye)的質(zhi)量比為(wei)80:15:5制備(bei)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)為(wei)工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji),利(li)用復(fu)合(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)為(wei)工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)。采用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學(xue)工(gong)作(zuo)站進行循(xun)環伏安、恒(heng)流充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及交流阻抗等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學(xue)測試。
復合(he)電解液為KOH和堿(jian)性棕的混合(he)溶液,其中KOH的濃度為1mol/L,堿(jian)性棕的濃度為0.5mmol/L。
實施例2:
在(zai)三電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)體系中,以鉑(bo)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(6cm 2)為輔助電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji),飽和甘汞(gong)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)為參比電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji),按炭材∶石墨∶聚四氟乙烯乳液的質量比為80:15:5制備(bei)的電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)為工(gong)(gong)作電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji),利(li)用復合電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液為工(gong)(gong)作電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液。采(cai)用電(dian)(dian)化學工(gong)(gong)作站進行循環伏安、恒流充放電(dian)(dian)及交流阻抗(kang)等電(dian)(dian)化學測試。
復合電解液(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)KOH和堿(jian)性棕的混合溶(rong)液(ye)(ye),其中KOH的濃度(du)為(wei)(wei)6mol/L,堿(jian)性棕的濃度(du)為(wei)(wei)2mmol/L。
實施例3:
在三電(dian)極(ji)體系(xi)中,以鉑電(dian)極(ji)(6cm 2)為(wei)輔助電(dian)極(ji),飽和甘汞電(dian)極(ji)為(wei)參比電(dian)極(ji),按炭(tan)材料∶石墨∶聚(ju)四氟乙(yi)烯乳液的質量比為(wei)80:15:5制備(bei)的電(dian)極(ji)為(wei)工作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)極(ji),利用復合電(dian)解液為(wei)工作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)解液。采用電(dian)化學工作(zuo)(zuo)站進行循環伏(fu)安、恒流(liu)充放電(dian)及(ji)交流(liu)阻抗等電(dian)化學測試。
復(fu)合(he)電解(jie)液(ye)為KOH和直接黑(hei)的(de)(de)混合(he)溶(rong)液(ye),其中KOH的(de)(de)濃(nong)度為2mol/L,直接黑(hei)的(de)(de)濃(nong)度為5mmol/L。
實施例4:
在三電(dian)(dian)極(ji)體系(xi)中,以鉑電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(6cm 2)為(wei)輔助電(dian)(dian)極(ji),飽和甘汞電(dian)(dian)極(ji)為(wei)參比電(dian)(dian)極(ji),按炭材料∶石(shi)墨∶聚四氟乙烯(xi)乳液的質量比為(wei)80:15:5制備(bei)的電(dian)(dian)極(ji)為(wei)工(gong)作電(dian)(dian)極(ji),利用復合電(dian)(dian)解液為(wei)工(gong)作電(dian)(dian)解液。采(cai)用電(dian)(dian)化學(xue)工(gong)作站進行循環伏安、恒流充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)及(ji)交流阻抗等電(dian)(dian)化學(xue)測試。
復合電解液(ye)為KOH和直接(jie)(jie)黑的混合溶液(ye),其中KOH的濃度(du)(du)為6mol/L,直接(jie)(jie)黑的濃度(du)(du)為15mmol/L。
以上所(suo)(suo)述僅為本發(fa)明(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)較佳實施例而已,并不用以限制本發(fa)明(ming)(ming),凡在本發(fa)明(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)精神和(he)原則之內(nei)所(suo)(suo)作的(de)(de)任何(he)修改、等同替換和(he)改進(jin)等,均應包含(han)在本發(fa)明(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)保護范(fan)圍之內(nei)。