本實(shi)用(yong)新型(xing)涉(she)及(ji)燃氣輪機(ji)渦輪葉片氣膜冷卻(que)技(ji)術領(ling)域(yu),具體(ti)涉(she)及(ji)一(yi)種提高下游橫向冷卻(que)效果的(de)孔型(xing)結構(gou)。
背景技術:
隨著科技發展(zhan)水平的(de)不(bu)(bu)斷提高(gao),燃氣(qi)透平進口溫(wen)度也不(bu)(bu)斷上升,燃氣(qi)透平葉片想要在如此惡劣的(de)環境下工作(zuo),得益于氣(qi)膜冷卻技術的(de)廣(guang)泛應(ying)用。
氣(qi)膜冷(leng)卻的基本原理(li)是:通過氣(qi)膜孔(kong)流(liu)出(chu)的冷(leng)卻氣(qi)流(liu)覆蓋于葉(xie)(xie)片表面,將葉(xie)(xie)片表面和高溫主流(liu)氣(qi)體隔絕開(kai),從而達到冷(leng)卻壁面的作(zuo)用。
圓柱形冷(leng)卻(que)孔(kong)(kong)具有結構簡單、加工容(rong)易(yi)等優點(dian),廣泛應(ying)用(yong)于氣(qi)膜冷(leng)卻(que)當(dang)中(zhong)。但圓柱孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)出(chu)口(kou)(kou)面(mian)積小,冷(leng)氣(qi)出(chu)口(kou)(kou)速(su)度大(da),高(gao)(gao)(gao)吹風比時(shi)(shi)容(rong)易(yi)吹離壁面(mian)。如(ru)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利號為ZL201010106756.6的(de)(de)中(zhong)國專(zhuan)(zhuan)利中(zhong)公開了(le)一種提高(gao)(gao)(gao)壁面(mian)展(zhan)向冷(leng)卻(que)效率(lv)的(de)(de)結構,其不足之處在于該專(zhuan)(zhuan)利中(zhong)氣(qi)膜孔(kong)(kong)如(ru)果為圓孔(kong)(kong),當(dang)使用(yong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)吹風比時(shi)(shi),冷(leng)卻(que)氣(qi)流(liu)容(rong)易(yi)沖入(ru)主(zhu)流(liu)當(dang)中(zhong),使冷(leng)卻(que)效率(lv)降低。近年來(lai)主(zhu)流(liu)溫度逐漸增加,圓柱孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)冷(leng)卻(que)效率(lv)低,覆蓋面(mian)小的(de)(de)缺點(dian)日益明顯(xian)。因此,近年來(lai)國內外通過增大(da)氣(qi)膜孔(kong)(kong)出(chu)口(kou)(kou)面(mian)積,用(yong)來(lai)提高(gao)(gao)(gao)下游壁面(mian)冷(leng)卻(que)效率(lv)。
技術實現要素:
針對現有技(ji)術的不足,本實用新型擬解(jie)決的技(ji)術問題是,提供(gong)一種提高(gao)(gao)下(xia)游(you)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)效果的孔(kong)(kong)型結構(gou)。該結構(gou)以圓(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)氣(qi)膜孔(kong)(kong)為(wei)基礎(冷(leng)(leng)氣(qi)入口(kou)段(duan)是圓(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)),沿冷(leng)(leng)氣(qi)流(liu)方向(xiang)分為(wei)圓(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)段(duan)和(he)擴(kuo)張(zhang)段(duan),擴(kuo)張(zhang)段(duan)由中間孔(kong)(kong)和(he)兩側擴(kuo)張(zhang)孔(kong)(kong)組合而(er)成,將冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)氣(qi)體分流(liu),增大冷(leng)(leng)氣(qi)在壁(bi)面(mian)橫(heng)向(xiang)的覆蓋面(mian)積(ji),明顯改善下(xia)游(you)壁(bi)面(mian)橫(heng)向(xiang)的冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)效率;并且(qie)由于分流(liu)減小(xiao)了(le)冷(leng)(leng)氣(qi)垂直(zhi)壁(bi)面(mian)的流(liu)速,在高(gao)(gao)吹(chui)風比下(xia)也不易(yi)沖(chong)入主流(liu),能良好(hao)地貼(tie)近壁(bi)面(mian),同時提高(gao)(gao)展向(xiang)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)效率。
本實用新型解決所(suo)述技術(shu)(shu)問題采用的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)(shu)方案(an)是(shi):提供一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)提高下游冷(leng)卻效(xiao)果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)型結構,包括氣(qi)膜(mo)(mo)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)和壁面,氣(qi)膜(mo)(mo)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)出(chu)口(kou)位于壁面的(de)(de)(de)上游區域(yu),其特征在(zai)于所(suo)述氣(qi)膜(mo)(mo)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)包括圓柱段(duan)和擴(kuo)(kuo)張(zhang)段(duan),圓柱段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)端為冷(leng)氣(qi)進(jin)氣(qi)口(kou),圓柱段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)另(ling)一(yi)(yi)端連接擴(kuo)(kuo)張(zhang)段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)端,擴(kuo)(kuo)張(zhang)段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)另(ling)一(yi)(yi)端為氣(qi)膜(mo)(mo)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)出(chu)口(kou),所(suo)述擴(kuo)(kuo)張(zhang)段(duan)由中間孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)和兩(liang)個(ge)擴(kuo)(kuo)張(zhang)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)組成,中間孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)與每(mei)個(ge)擴(kuo)(kuo)張(zhang)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)之間相互聯通,在(zai)壁面的(de)(de)(de)俯視圖中,兩(liang)個(ge)擴(kuo)(kuo)張(zhang)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)以(yi)中間孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)為軸對稱布置,每(mei)個(ge)擴(kuo)(kuo)張(zhang)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)與中間孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)中心軸線之間的(de)(de)(de)夾(jia)角β為10-40°。
與現有技術(圓柱形氣膜(mo)孔(kong))相(xiang)比,本(ben)實用(yong)(yong)新型對(dui)(dui)圓柱形孔(kong)進行擴(kuo)(kuo)張,通(tong)過(guo)不(bu)同(tong)形狀間(jian)孔(kong)的自(zi)由組(zu)合,使(shi)得氣膜(mo)孔(kong)出(chu)(chu)(chu)口面積(ji)大(da)大(da)增(zeng)加,降(jiang)(jiang)低了(le)冷(leng)(leng)氣出(chu)(chu)(chu)口垂直(zhi)(zhi)壁(bi)(bi)面的速度,冷(leng)(leng)氣可以很(hen)好的被主(zhu)流壓(ya)在(zai)(zai)壁(bi)(bi)面上,不(bu)設置凹槽或凸起仍(reng)然能夠使(shi)冷(leng)(leng)氣貼近壁(bi)(bi)面,顯著提高(gao)冷(leng)(leng)卻效(xiao)率。冷(leng)(leng)氣流經擴(kuo)(kuo)張孔(kong)時,冷(leng)(leng)卻氣體向(xiang)(xiang)壁(bi)(bi)面橫(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)擴(kuo)(kuo)散,顯著增(zeng)大(da)了(le)對(dui)(dui)下(xia)游壁(bi)(bi)面的橫(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)冷(leng)(leng)卻效(xiao)率。同(tong)時,出(chu)(chu)(chu)口面積(ji)增(zeng)大(da),氣流沿垂直(zhi)(zhi)壁(bi)(bi)面方向(xiang)(xiang)的出(chu)(chu)(chu)口速度降(jiang)(jiang)低,在(zai)(zai)高(gao)吹(chui)風比(吹(chui)風比大(da)于0.8時)下(xia)冷(leng)(leng)卻氣不(bu)會吹(chui)離壁(bi)(bi)面,因(yin)此本(ben)實用(yong)(yong)新型在(zai)(zai)高(gao)吹(chui)風比條件下(xia)也同(tong)樣適用(yong)(yong)。本(ben)實用(yong)(yong)新型穩定性好,結構簡單,實施方便,價格低廉。
實驗表(biao)明(ming),在(zai)吹(chui)風(feng)比(bi)(bi)為(wei)(wei)0.5的條件下(xia),與(yu)現有圓柱形氣膜孔(kong)結(jie)構(gou)相比(bi)(bi),在(zai)無開槽和凸起結(jie)構(gou)影響下(xia),本(ben)實用(yong)新型(xing)(xing)氣膜冷(leng)卻(que)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)在(zai)橫向(xiang)(xiang)有明(ming)顯的提(ti)高(gao),而(er)在(zai)展向(xiang)(xiang)的冷(leng)卻(que)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)降低并不明(ming)顯。在(zai)5倍(bei)孔(kong)徑處,本(ben)實用(yong)新型(xing)(xing)的平均冷(leng)卻(que)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)比(bi)(bi)現有結(jie)構(gou)提(ti)高(gao)了(le)164.3%;在(zai)10倍(bei)孔(kong)徑處,本(ben)實用(yong)新型(xing)(xing)的平均冷(leng)卻(que)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)比(bi)(bi)現有結(jie)構(gou)提(ti)高(gao)了(le)103.7%。而(er)在(zai)吹(chui)風(feng)比(bi)(bi)為(wei)(wei)1的條件下(xia),本(ben)實用(yong)新型(xing)(xing)展向(xiang)(xiang)冷(leng)卻(que)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)比(bi)(bi)現有結(jie)構(gou)提(ti)高(gao)了(le)77.8%。
附圖說明
圖1本實用新型一種提(ti)高下游冷卻效(xiao)果(guo)的孔(kong)型結(jie)構的一種實施例的整體(ti)結(jie)構框架圖;
圖2本實用新(xin)型一種提高下游(you)冷卻(que)效果(guo)的孔型結(jie)構的一種實施(shi)例(li)的主視結(jie)構示意(yi)圖;
圖3本實用新型一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)提高下游冷卻(que)效果的孔型結(jie)構的一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)實施例的俯視結(jie)構示(shi)意(yi)圖;
圖4本(ben)實用新型一種提高下游冷卻效果(guo)的孔型結(jie)構的一種實施例的右視(shi)結(jie)構示意(yi)圖;
圖5a吹風比為(wei)0.5的條件下,本(ben)實用新型實施例1的氣膜孔下游壁(bi)面的冷卻效率(lv)分(fen)布(bu)圖;
圖5b吹風比為0.5的(de)條件下,現(xian)有圓柱形氣膜(mo)孔結(jie)構氣膜(mo)孔下游壁面的(de)冷卻效(xiao)率分布圖;
圖(tu)5c吹風比為0.5的條件下(xia),現有離散(san)圓(yuan)錐形氣膜(mo)孔(kong)結構氣膜(mo)孔(kong)下(xia)游壁面的冷卻(que)效(xiao)率分布圖(tu);
圖6a吹風比(bi)為1時,本實用新型實施例(li)1氣膜孔下游橫向下游壁面中心線(z/d=0)處氣膜冷卻效率分布(bu)圖;
圖6b吹風比為1時(shi),現有圓柱形(xing)氣(qi)膜孔結構氣(qi)膜孔下(xia)游橫向下(xia)游壁(bi)面(mian)中(zhong)心線(z/d=0)處(chu)氣(qi)膜冷(leng)卻效率分布圖;
圖7a吹(chui)風比(bi)為0.5時,現(xian)有(you)圓柱形(xing)氣膜孔(kong)(kong)結構(gou)(或現(xian)有(you)結構(gou))與本實用新型實施例1的(de)氣膜孔(kong)(kong)下游壁(bi)面展(zhan)向5倍孔(kong)(kong)徑(x/d=5)處(chu)氣膜冷卻(que)效率(lv)分布的(de)比(bi)較;
圖7b吹(chui)風(feng)比為0.5時,現有圓柱形氣膜(mo)孔結構與本實用(yong)新型實施(shi)例(li)1的氣膜(mo)孔下游(you)壁面展向10倍孔徑(jing)(x/d=10)處(chu)氣膜(mo)冷卻效率分布的比較;
圖8吹風比為(wei)1時(shi),現有(you)圓柱(zhu)形氣(qi)膜孔結(jie)構與本實(shi)用(yong)新型實(shi)施例1的氣(qi)膜孔下游(you)壁面(mian)中心線(xian)(z/d=0)處氣(qi)膜冷卻效(xiao)率分布的比較;
圖(tu)9本(ben)實用(yong)新(xin)型(xing)提高(gao)下(xia)游冷卻效果的(de)孔型(xing)結構的(de)冷卻原理示(shi)意(yi)圖(tu);
圖(tu)10本實(shi)用新型一種提高(gao)下游(you)冷卻效果(guo)的(de)孔型結構一種實(shi)施(shi)例(li)中擴張孔為(wei)四棱柱(zhu)形孔的(de)俯視結構示意圖(tu);
圖(tu)11本實用新(xin)型(xing)(xing)一種提(ti)高下游(you)冷(leng)卻效果的(de)孔(kong)型(xing)(xing)結(jie)構一種實施(shi)例中間孔(kong)為圓錐形孔(kong)的(de)俯視結(jie)構示意圖(tu);
圖中,1-氣(qi)膜(mo)孔(kong)、2-壁面、11-圓柱段(duan)、12-擴張段(duan)、13-冷氣(qi)進氣(qi)口、14-氣(qi)膜(mo)孔(kong)的(de)出口、121-中間孔(kong)、122-擴張孔(kong)。
具體實施方式
下(xia)面結合實(shi)施(shi)例及(ji)附圖(tu)對本實(shi)用(yong)新型(xing)做進一步(bu)說明(ming),但并不以此限制對本實(shi)用(yong)新型(xing)權(quan)利要求的(de)保護范圍(wei)。
本實用新型提高下游(you)冷(leng)卻效(xiao)果的(de)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)型結構(簡(jian)稱(cheng)結構,參見(jian)圖1-8)包括氣(qi)(qi)膜(mo)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)1和(he)(he)壁(bi)面2,氣(qi)(qi)膜(mo)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)出(chu)口(kou)位于壁(bi)面的(de)上游(you)區(qu)域,所述(shu)(shu)氣(qi)(qi)膜(mo)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)1包括圓柱(zhu)段(duan)11和(he)(he)擴(kuo)(kuo)張(zhang)(zhang)段(duan)12,圓柱(zhu)段(duan)的(de)一(yi)(yi)端(duan)為冷(leng)氣(qi)(qi)進(jin)氣(qi)(qi)口(kou)13,圓柱(zhu)段(duan)的(de)另(ling)一(yi)(yi)端(duan)連接(jie)擴(kuo)(kuo)張(zhang)(zhang)段(duan)的(de)一(yi)(yi)端(duan),擴(kuo)(kuo)張(zhang)(zhang)段(duan)的(de)另(ling)一(yi)(yi)端(duan)為氣(qi)(qi)膜(mo)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)出(chu)口(kou)14,所述(shu)(shu)擴(kuo)(kuo)張(zhang)(zhang)段(duan)12由中(zhong)(zhong)間孔(kong)(kong)(kong)121和(he)(he)兩個(ge)(ge)擴(kuo)(kuo)張(zhang)(zhang)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)122組成,中(zhong)(zhong)間孔(kong)(kong)(kong)與(yu)每個(ge)(ge)擴(kuo)(kuo)張(zhang)(zhang)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)之(zhi)間相互聯(lian)通,在(zai)壁(bi)面的(de)俯視圖中(zhong)(zhong),兩個(ge)(ge)擴(kuo)(kuo)張(zhang)(zhang)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)以(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)間孔(kong)(kong)(kong)為軸(zhou)對稱(cheng)布置,即(ji)氣(qi)(qi)膜(mo)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)出(chu)口(kou)沿壁(bi)面橫向呈軸(zhou)對稱(cheng)形(xing)狀,每個(ge)(ge)擴(kuo)(kuo)張(zhang)(zhang)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)間孔(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心軸(zhou)線之(zhi)間的(de)夾(jia)角β為10-40°。
本(ben)實用新型進一步特征在(zai)于所述擴(kuo)張孔122的形狀為圓柱(zhu)形孔、棱(leng)(leng)柱(zhu)形孔、棱(leng)(leng)錐形孔或圓錐形孔等(deng)幾何(he)拓(tuo)撲結(jie)構。
本實用新型進一步特(te)征(zheng)在于所述中間孔(kong)(kong)121的形(xing)狀可以為圓柱(zhu)形(xing)孔(kong)(kong)、錐形(xing)孔(kong)(kong)、月牙(ya)形(xing)孔(kong)(kong)或Console孔(kong)(kong)等幾何拓撲結構。
本(ben)實用新型進一(yi)步特征在于圓(yuan)柱(zhu)段(duan)11與擴張段(duan)12的長度比值為0.75-1.25。
本(ben)實用新型(xing)進一步(bu)特(te)征在于(yu)擴張孔(kong)(kong)孔(kong)(kong)徑(jing)與中間孔(kong)(kong)孔(kong)(kong)徑(jing)比值為0.5-1.5。
本(ben)實用(yong)新型進(jin)一步特征在(zai)于氣膜孔(kong)中心線(xian)(xian)與壁面的夾角α為20-70°,這里(li)的氣膜孔(kong)中心線(xian)(xian)與壁面的夾角α又稱(cheng)為噴射角。
本實(shi)用新型(xing)進一步特(te)征在(zai)于該孔(kong)型(xing)結構在(zai)壁面上沿橫向等距(ju)布置(zhi)多個氣膜孔(kong)。具體布置(zhi)氣膜孔(kong)的(de)數量(liang)以實(shi)際需要經過計算得到。
本實用新型(xing)進(jin)一步特征在于壁(bi)面橫向寬(kuan)度w與(yu)中間孔的孔徑的比(bi)值為(wei)5-10。
本實用(yong)新型(xing)一種提(ti)高下游(you)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)的(de)(de)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)型(xing)結構,其重點(dian)在(zai)于擴(kuo)張孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心軸線(xian)之間(jian)的(de)(de)夾(jia)(jia)角(jiao)β、擴(kuo)張孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)型(xing)、氣膜(mo)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心線(xian)與壁面(mian)的(de)(de)夾(jia)(jia)角(jiao)(即噴射(she)角(jiao)α)、圓(yuan)柱段11與擴(kuo)張段12的(de)(de)比(bi)值(zhi)、擴(kuo)張孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)徑與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)徑比(bi)值(zhi)以及(ji)氣膜(mo)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)出(chu)口(kou)(kou)橫(heng)向(xiang)排布數量,以上(shang)參數對下游(you)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)的(de)(de)影響起(qi)決定作(zuo)用(yong)。在(zai)高吹風比(bi)環境下,可(ke)通過減小噴射(she)角(jiao)α,以減小出(chu)口(kou)(kou)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)氣體c在(zai)垂(chui)直(zhi)壁面(mian)方(fang)向(xiang)(壁面(mian)法線(xian)方(fang)向(xiang))上(shang)的(de)(de)分速(su)度,使冷(leng)(leng)(leng)氣貼壁流出(chu),進而增(zeng)大(da)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)。通過增(zeng)大(da)每(mei)個擴(kuo)張孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心軸線(xian)之間(jian)的(de)(de)夾(jia)(jia)角(jiao)和改(gai)變擴(kuo)張孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)型(xing),可(ke)以增(zeng)加冷(leng)(leng)(leng)氣的(de)(de)橫(heng)向(xiang)覆蓋面(mian)積(ji),進而增(zeng)大(da)下游(you)壁面(mian)橫(heng)向(xiang)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)效(xiao)(xiao)率。
本(ben)實(shi)用(yong)新型提(ti)高下游冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)效果的(de)(de)(de)孔型結構的(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)原理(參見圖(tu)9)是(shi):冷(leng)(leng)(leng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)進氣(qi)(qi)(qi)口(kou)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)b流經(jing)擴(kuo)張(zhang)段(duan)12,將冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)進行橫向(xiang)(xiang)擴(kuo)散,增大(da)了(le)橫向(xiang)(xiang)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)效率。同(tong)時主(zhu)流氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)a從上游吹(chui)過,冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)在氣(qi)(qi)(qi)膜孔的(de)(de)(de)出(chu)口(kou)處與主(zhu)流氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)a相(xiang)遇,由于(yu)擴(kuo)張(zhang)段(duan)降(jiang)低了(le)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)膜孔的(de)(de)(de)出(chu)口(kou)處冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)c垂(chui)直壁(bi)面2的(de)(de)(de)分速度,使得冷(leng)(leng)(leng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)更容(rong)易被主(zhu)流氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)a壓于(yu)壁(bi)面2,因(yin)此也適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)高吹(chui)風比情況。
本實用新型(xing)說明書及(ji)附圖中(zhong)出(chu)現的(de)X代表(biao)平行(xing)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)面(mian)來流(liu)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),Y代表(biao)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)面(mian)法線(xian)(xian)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),Z代表(biao)垂直(zhi)于來流(liu)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和壁(bi)(bi)(bi)面(mian)法線(xian)(xian)的(de)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),文中(zhong)所述的(de)橫(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)即指Z軸(zhou)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),展向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)指X軸(zhou)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。圖中(zhong)x的(de)正半軸(zhou)指向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)面(mian)的(de)下(xia)游方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。
本實用新型(xing)中(zhong)當擴張孔(kong)、中(zhong)間孔(kong)為不規則形狀時,其孔(kong)徑(jing)是指等效當量孔(kong)徑(jing)。
實施例1
本(ben)實(shi)施(shi)例提(ti)高下游冷卻效果的(de)(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)(kong)型結構(gou)(參見(jian)圖(tu)1-4)包(bao)括氣(qi)膜(mo)孔(kong)(kong)1和壁面(mian)2,氣(qi)膜(mo)孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出口(kou)位于壁面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)上游區(qu)域,所述氣(qi)膜(mo)孔(kong)(kong)1包(bao)括圓柱段11和擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)張段12,圓柱段的(de)(de)(de)(de)一端(duan)(duan)為(wei)冷氣(qi)進氣(qi)口(kou)13,圓柱段的(de)(de)(de)(de)另(ling)一端(duan)(duan)連接擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)張段的(de)(de)(de)(de)一端(duan)(duan),擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)張段的(de)(de)(de)(de)另(ling)一端(duan)(duan)為(wei)氣(qi)膜(mo)孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出口(kou)14,所述擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)張段12由(you)中間(jian)孔(kong)(kong)121和兩個擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)張孔(kong)(kong)122組成(cheng),中間(jian)孔(kong)(kong)與每個擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)張孔(kong)(kong)之(zhi)間(jian)相互(hu)聯通,在(zai)壁面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)俯(fu)視圖(tu)中,兩個擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)張孔(kong)(kong)以中間(jian)孔(kong)(kong)為(wei)軸對稱布置,即氣(qi)膜(mo)孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出口(kou)沿壁面(mian)橫(heng)向呈(cheng)軸對稱形狀,每個擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)張孔(kong)(kong)與中間(jian)孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中心軸線(xian)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)夾角β為(wei)30°。
本實(shi)施例中所述(shu)擴張孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)和中間孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)徑(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)d的圓(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),擴張段由三個等(deng)直(zhi)徑(jing)圓(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)組合而(er)成,圓(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)段也為(wei)(wei)(wei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)徑(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)d的圓(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),冷氣進(jin)氣口13與壁面的垂直(zhi)距離h為(wei)(wei)(wei)1.74d,圓(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)段與擴張段的長度比值為(wei)(wei)(wei)1,噴(pen)射角α為(wei)(wei)(wei)35°。
采用(yong)本實施(shi)例結構,在吹風比為(wei)0.5的(de)(de)(de)條件下(xia)(xia),圖5a為(wei)本實施(shi)例氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)膜(mo)孔(kong)下(xia)(xia)游壁(bi)(bi)面(mian)(mian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)膜(mo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)的(de)(de)(de)效率(lv)分布(bu),圖5b為(wei)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)膜(mo)孔(kong)(無凸起(qi)無橫(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)凹(ao)(ao)槽)下(xia)(xia)游壁(bi)(bi)面(mian)(mian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)膜(mo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)的(de)(de)(de)效率(lv)分布(bu),圖5c為(wei)離散型圓(yuan)錐形(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)膜(mo)孔(kong)(無凸起(qi)無橫(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)凹(ao)(ao)槽)下(xia)(xia)游壁(bi)(bi)面(mian)(mian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)膜(mo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)的(de)(de)(de)效率(lv)分布(bu),圖中標注冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)效率(lv)為(wei)0.3和(he)0.4的(de)(de)(de)區域。通過對比可發現,本實用(yong)新型的(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)型結構相(xiang)對于圓(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)膜(mo)孔(kong)和(he)圓(yuan)錐形(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)膜(mo)孔(kong),其氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)膜(mo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)效率(lv)在下(xia)(xia)游壁(bi)(bi)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)橫(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)顯(xian)著提(ti)高(gao)(gao)。這(zhe)是(shi)由于冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通過擴張孔(kong)122的(de)(de)(de)分流(liu)作(zuo)用(yong),使冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)作(zuo)用(yong)范圍擴大,冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在壁(bi)(bi)面(mian)(mian)橫(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)覆蓋面(mian)(mian)積(ji)更廣(guang),進而顯(xian)著提(ti)高(gao)(gao)壁(bi)(bi)面(mian)(mian)橫(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)效率(lv)。
在(zai)(zai)吹風比(bi)(bi)為0.5的(de)(de)(de)條件下,圖7a和圖7b為本(ben)實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)例(li)與現有圓柱(zhu)形氣(qi)(qi)膜孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)結構(gou)(gou)在(zai)(zai)下游壁面展向(xiang)5倍(bei)(bei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)徑(x/d=5)和10倍(bei)(bei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)徑(x/d=10)處(chu)壁面橫(heng)向(xiang)氣(qi)(qi)膜冷卻(que)(que)(que)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)對比(bi)(bi)圖。與現有圓柱(zhu)形氣(qi)(qi)膜孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)結構(gou)(gou)相比(bi)(bi),本(ben)實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)例(li)氣(qi)(qi)膜冷卻(que)(que)(que)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)在(zai)(zai)橫(heng)向(xiang)無論是5倍(bei)(bei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)徑還是10倍(bei)(bei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)徑處(chu)均有明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)(gao),而(er)在(zai)(zai)展向(xiang)(z/d=0附近)的(de)(de)(de)冷卻(que)(que)(que)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)降(jiang)低并不明(ming)顯,(如圖7a所示,在(zai)(zai)下游壁面展向(xiang)5倍(bei)(bei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)徑處(chu),最(zui)高(gao)(gao)冷卻(que)(que)(que)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)均為0.6,在(zai)(zai)下游壁面展向(xiang)10倍(bei)(bei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)徑處(chu),現有結構(gou)(gou)比(bi)(bi)本(ben)實(shi)(shi)(shi)用新型(xing)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)冷卻(que)(que)(que)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)高(gao)(gao)出(chu)0.1),這是由于擴張段(duan)在(zai)(zai)顯著提(ti)高(gao)(gao)冷卻(que)(que)(que)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)向(xiang)橫(heng)向(xiang)擴散的(de)(de)(de)同時(shi),在(zai)(zai)中心冷卻(que)(que)(que)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)會有所降(jiang)低。5倍(bei)(bei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)徑離氣(qi)(qi)膜孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)出(chu)口較近,10倍(bei)(bei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)徑離氣(qi)(qi)膜孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)出(chu)口較遠,從上述實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗結果可以表明(ming)本(ben)實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)例(li)在(zai)(zai)壁面下游一(yi)段(duan)距離內的(de)(de)(de)冷卻(que)(que)(que)效(xiao)果都有顯著提(ti)高(gao)(gao)。在(zai)(zai)5倍(bei)(bei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)徑處(chu),本(ben)實(shi)(shi)(shi)用新型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)平均冷卻(que)(que)(que)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)比(bi)(bi)現有結構(gou)(gou)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)了164.3%,由于擴張段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用,使(shi)得冷氣(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)橫(heng)向(xiang)擴散,大大提(ti)高(gao)(gao)了橫(heng)向(xiang)冷卻(que)(que)(que)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv);在(zai)(zai)10倍(bei)(bei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)徑處(chu),本(ben)實(shi)(shi)(shi)用新型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)平均冷卻(que)(que)(que)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)比(bi)(bi)現有結構(gou)(gou)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)了103.7%。
采用(yong)本實施例結構,在吹(chui)風比(bi)為1的(de)條件下(xia)(xia),圖6a為本實施例結構下(xia)(xia)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)膜(mo)孔(kong)下(xia)(xia)游(you)(you)(you)(you)壁(bi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)中心線處氣(qi)(qi)(qi)膜(mo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)效(xiao)率分布(bu),圖6b為圓柱(zhu)形(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)膜(mo)孔(kong)下(xia)(xia)游(you)(you)(you)(you)壁(bi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)中心線處氣(qi)(qi)(qi)膜(mo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)效(xiao)率分布(bu),圖中標(biao)注(zhu)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)效(xiao)率為0.5和0.6的(de)區(qu)域。通過對比(bi)發現,在高吹(chui)風比(bi)下(xia)(xia)本實用(yong)新型(xing)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體在下(xia)(xia)游(you)(you)(you)(you)仍可以(yi)很好地(di)貼近(jin)(jin)壁(bi)面(mian)(mian)(mian),而現有(you)圓柱(zhu)形(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)膜(mo)孔(kong)的(de)下(xia)(xia)游(you)(you)(you)(you)壁(bi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體有(you)明顯吹(chui)離壁(bi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)趨勢。這是由于高吹(chui)風比(bi)時,現有(you)圓柱(zhu)形(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)膜(mo)孔(kong)的(de)出口(kou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積小(xiao)(xiao),冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)出口(kou)流(liu)速大,而本實用(yong)新型(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)膜(mo)孔(kong)的(de)出口(kou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積大,能有(you)效(xiao)減(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)了冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)出口(kou)流(liu)速,使冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)可以(yi)貼近(jin)(jin)壁(bi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)流(liu)出,從而增(zeng)大下(xia)(xia)游(you)(you)(you)(you)壁(bi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)效(xiao)率。
在(zai)(zai)吹風(feng)比為1的條(tiao)件下(xia)(xia)(xia),圖(tu)8為本(ben)實施例與現(xian)有(you)(you)圓柱形氣膜孔結(jie)(jie)構在(zai)(zai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)游壁(bi)面(mian)中心(xin)(xin)線處(chu)氣膜冷(leng)(leng)卻效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)對比圖(tu)。在(zai)(zai)高(gao)吹風(feng)比下(xia)(xia)(xia),在(zai)(zai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)游中心(xin)(xin)線處(chu),本(ben)實用新(xin)型的冷(leng)(leng)卻效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)遠遠高(gao)于現(xian)有(you)(you)結(jie)(jie)構,由于吹風(feng)比較高(gao),現(xian)有(you)(you)圓柱形氣膜孔結(jie)(jie)構的冷(leng)(leng)氣出(chu)口速度較大,易吹離(li)(li)壁(bi)面(mian),導致(zhi)壁(bi)面(mian)冷(leng)(leng)卻效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降;而本(ben)實用新(xin)型由于擴張孔的作用,使得冷(leng)(leng)氣出(chu)口速度減(jian)小,不易吹離(li)(li)壁(bi)面(mian),從而顯著提高(gao)展(zhan)向冷(leng)(leng)卻效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)。本(ben)實用新(xin)型展(zhan)向平均冷(leng)(leng)卻效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)比現(xian)有(you)(you)結(jie)(jie)構提高(gao)了77.8%。
通(tong)過上述實(shi)驗結果(guo)可知(zhi),本實(shi)施例的(de)孔(kong)型(xing)結構不(bu)僅能(neng)顯著提(ti)高(gao)橫向冷卻效果(guo),而(er)且在高(gao)吹風比下對展向冷卻效果(guo)也有明顯提(ti)高(gao)。
實施例2
本(ben)實施(shi)(shi)例提高下游冷卻效果的孔(kong)(kong)(kong)型結構(參見圖10)的各部(bu)分組成及位置關(guan)系同實施(shi)(shi)例1,不同之處在于擴張(zhang)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)122孔(kong)(kong)(kong)型為(wei)(wei)四棱柱,每個擴張(zhang)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)與中間(jian)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)的中心(xin)軸線(xian)之間(jian)的夾角β為(wei)(wei)40°,擴張(zhang)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)與中間(jian)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)徑比(bi)值為(wei)(wei)0.5。
實施例3
本實(shi)施例提高下游冷(leng)卻效果的(de)(de)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)型結構(參見圖11)的(de)(de)各部分組成(cheng)及位置關(guan)系同實(shi)施例1,不同之處(chu)在于擴張段中(zhong)間孔(kong)(kong)(kong)為漸縮(suo)圓錐(zhui)形孔(kong)(kong)(kong),能夠(gou)讓冷(leng)卻氣更(geng)多地(di)從兩側擴張孔(kong)(kong)(kong)流過,可以增大壁面橫向冷(leng)卻效果,而且(qie)由于中(zhong)間孔(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)收(shou)縮(suo),壁面中(zhong)心線處(chu)的(de)(de)展向冷(leng)卻效果也不會因此而降低,擴張孔(kong)(kong)(kong)與中(zhong)間孔(kong)(kong)(kong)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)徑比值為0.85。
本實用新型未述及之處(chu)適用于現有(you)技術。