本(ben)發明屬于儲能(neng)型風電(dian)場領域，具體地說，是(shi)涉及一(yi)種儲能(neng)型風電(dian)場作為電(dian)網黑啟動電(dian)源時電(dian)池儲能(neng)系統的配置方法。

背景技術：

水力(li)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(含抽水蓄(xu)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan))由于具有廠用電(dian)(dian)(dian)小、啟(qi)動速(su)度快等(deng)特(te)點，成(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)黑啟(qi)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的最佳選擇(ze)。但是，受地(di)(di)理(li)位置限制，我國內(nei)蒙古(gu)、西北等(deng)一些地(di)(di)區(qu)的水資源較(jiao)為匱(kui)乏，地(di)(di)區(qu)內(nei)水力(li)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠較(jiao)少，一旦發(fa)生大面(mian)積停電(dian)(dian)(dian)事故，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的恢復將嚴重(zhong)(zhong)依賴于主網(wang)，恢復時間較(jiao)長。針對局域電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)所(suo)處特(te)殊地(di)(di)理(li)位置和(he)需(xu)求，尋找可(ke)以作為其(qi)黑啟(qi)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的新型電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，對于提高局域電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)恢復速(su)度具有重(zhong)(zhong)要作用。

我國內蒙(meng)古(gu)、西北等一些地(di)區(qu)風(feng)能(neng)資源(yuan)十分豐富，風(feng)力發電(dian)逐漸成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)當地(di)的主要電(dian)源(yuan)。通過為(wei)(wei)風(feng)電(dian)場(chang)(chang)配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)大容(rong)量(liang)電(dian)池(chi)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)系(xi)(xi)統以建成(cheng)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)型(xing)(xing)風(feng)電(dian)場(chang)(chang)，利用儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)型(xing)(xing)風(feng)電(dian)場(chang)(chang)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)網的黑啟(qi)動電(dian)源(yuan)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)一種選擇。其中，電(dian)池(chi)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)系(xi)(xi)統是(shi)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)型(xing)(xing)風(feng)電(dian)場(chang)(chang)能(neng)否作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)黑啟(qi)動電(dian)源(yuan)的關鍵(jian)，需(xu)對儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)型(xing)(xing)風(feng)電(dian)場(chang)(chang)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)網黑啟(qi)動電(dian)源(yuan)時電(dian)池(chi)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)系(xi)(xi)統配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)方法進行研究(jiu)。

儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)型(xing)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)局域電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網黑(hei)啟(qi)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的可(ke)行(xing)性(xing)探討(《電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統自動化》2016年21期)，以蒙東呼倫(lun)貝爾地區電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網為(wei)(wei)例，提(ti)出了通過(guo)為(wei)(wei)其(qi)大(da)良風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)配置大(da)容量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)系統(Battery Energy Storage System，BESS)以帶動附近東海(hai)拉爾電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組進行(xing)啟(qi)動的方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案，并通過(guo)對儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)型(xing)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)的自啟(qi)動、儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)型(xing)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)啟(qi)動熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組輔(fu)機(ji)等暫態過(guo)程(cheng)進行(xing)仿真驗證了所提(ti)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案的可(ke)行(xing)性(xing)。但上述文獻只是根據(ju)黑(hei)啟(qi)動過(guo)程(cheng)中BESS有(you)功與無功輸出的最(zui)大(da)值初步將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)系統容量配置為(wei)(wei)16MW×1h，并未提(ti)出具(ju)體(ti)配置方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)。因此，本(ben)申請對儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)型(xing)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)黑(hei)啟(qi)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)時其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)系統的配置方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)與方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案進行(xing)深入研究(jiu)，對降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)系統的配置成(cheng)本(ben)，提(ti)高利(li)用(yong)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)型(xing)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)黑(hei)啟(qi)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的經濟可(ke)行(xing)性(xing)具(ju)有(you)重要(yao)意義。

技術實現要素：

本發明的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)在(zai)于(yu)克服現(xian)有技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)不(bu)足之處(chu)，提供(gong)一(yi)種(zhong)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)型(xing)風電(dian)場作為電(dian)網黑啟動(dong)(dong)電(dian)源(yuan)時(shi)電(dian)池(chi)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)系統(tong)的(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)方法，使所(suo)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)池(chi)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)系統(tong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠滿足在(zai)利用儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)型(xing)風電(dian)場啟動(dong)(dong)熱(re)電(dian)機組過程中對其功率和容量(liang)的(de)(de)需(xu)求，并具備較(jiao)高的(de)(de)經濟可行性。該(gai)方法從電(dian)池(chi)模塊(kuai)的(de)(de)額定(ding)容量(liang)與功率極限、能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)轉換系統(tong)的(de)(de)容量(liang)三個(ge)方面對電(dian)池(chi)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)系統(tong)進行配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)并對初始荷電(dian)狀態范圍進行計(ji)算，能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠使儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)型(xing)風電(dian)場作為黑啟動(dong)(dong)電(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)同時(shi)，降低電(dian)池(chi)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)系統(tong)的(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)成本。

本發明解(jie)決技(ji)術問題所(suo)采用的技(ji)術方案是：

通(tong)過(guo)(guo)評估熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)啟動(dong)(dong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中各(ge)階段所(suo)需(xu)(xu)時間(jian)，對(dui)儲能(neng)(neng)型(xing)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場啟動(dong)(dong)熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)仿(fang)真，并考慮BESS的(de)(de)(de)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率，獲得BESS的(de)(de)(de)功率輸出曲線；通(tong)過(guo)(guo)對(dui)BESS的(de)(de)(de)有功功率進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)積(ji)分(fen)，獲得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)模塊相對(dui)于其初始狀態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)累計(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)輸出，根據設(she)定(ding)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)模塊的(de)(de)(de)額定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)；根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)儲能(neng)(neng)系(xi)統在熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)啟動(dong)(dong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中有功與視在功率的(de)(de)(de)最大(da)值(zhi)，分(fen)別確(que)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)模塊的(de)(de)(de)最大(da)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功率和能(neng)(neng)量(liang)轉(zhuan)換系(xi)統中逆(ni)變器的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)；在確(que)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)模塊的(de)(de)(de)額定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)基(ji)礎上，根據黑啟動(dong)(dong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)儲能(neng)(neng)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)需(xu)(xu)處于設(she)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)工作范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)內，確(que)定(ding)初始荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)，并以此范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)作為判斷(duan)利用(yong)儲能(neng)(neng)型(xing)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場啟動(dong)(dong)熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)方案(an)能(neng)(neng)否(fou)執行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)條件。

本發明的優(you)點(dian)和(he)積極效果是：

1、本方法能(neng)(neng)夠使電(dian)池儲能(neng)(neng)系統滿(man)足儲能(neng)(neng)型風(feng)電(dian)場在啟(qi)動熱電(dian)機組過程中對電(dian)池儲能(neng)(neng)系統功率和能(neng)(neng)量的(de)需求，使儲能(neng)(neng)型風(feng)電(dian)場具備作(zuo)為電(dian)網(wang)黑啟(qi)動電(dian)源的(de)能(neng)(neng)力。

2、本方法從電(dian)池(chi)(chi)模塊額定容量(liang)、電(dian)池(chi)(chi)模塊功率極限、能(neng)量(liang)轉換系統(tong)容量(liang)三個方面對電(dian)池(chi)(chi)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)系統(tong)進(jin)行配(pei)置，能(neng)夠(gou)有效(xiao)降低電(dian)池(chi)(chi)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)系統(tong)配(pei)置成本，提高利(li)用儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)型風電(dian)場作(zuo)為黑啟(qi)動電(dian)源的經濟(ji)可行性。并對初始(shi)荷電(dian)狀態范圍進(jin)行了計(ji)算(suan)，為黑啟(qi)動預案能(neng)否執行提供了一個判據條件。

附圖說明

圖1為(wei)實施例的系統圖。

具體實施方式

下面結合附圖并通過(guo)具體(ti)實施例對本(ben)發明作進一步詳(xiang)述(shu)，以下實施例只是(shi)描述(shu)性的(de)，不是(shi)限定(ding)性的(de)，不能以此限定(ding)本(ben)發明的(de)保(bao)護范圍。

參照圖1，以(yi)呼倫貝爾電(dian)網為研究對象，通過為其大良(liang)風(feng)電(dian)場配置(zhi)電(dian)池儲能(neng)系(xi)統以(yi)能(neng)利用所建儲能(neng)型風(feng)電(dian)場啟動附近東海(hai)拉爾電(dian)廠的熱電(dian)機組(zu)。大良(liang)風(feng)電(dian)場主要由33臺額定容量為1.55MVA的雙饋風(feng)電(dian)機組(zu)構成(cheng)。

儲能型風電場作為電網黑(hei)啟動電源時(shi)電池儲能系統的(de)配(pei)置(zhi)步驟如(ru)下：

1.黑啟動(dong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)BESS功率輸出波形的確定方法(fa)

一(yi)般情況下，在黑(hei)啟(qi)(qi)動過(guo)程中后續啟(qi)(qi)動操(cao)作需(xu)在前一(yi)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力設(she)(she)備(bei)穩定(ding)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)后才(cai)能(neng)進行(xing)(xing)，不(bu)同階段所需(xu)的(de)時(shi)間與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力設(she)(she)備(bei)特性(xing)以及運(yun)行(xing)(xing)人(ren)員的(de)操(cao)作熟練度等有關(guan)。將大良風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)啟(qi)(qi)動東海拉爾(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠的(de)整(zheng)個(ge)黑(hei)啟(qi)(qi)動過(guo)程分為(wei)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)型(xing)(xing)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)自啟(qi)(qi)動、儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)型(xing)(xing)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)空充(chong)(chong)(chong)出口(kou)變TD、儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)型(xing)(xing)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)空充(chong)(chong)(chong)西良線(xian)和伊西線(xian)、儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)型(xing)(xing)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)空充(chong)(chong)(chong)高備(bei)變TGB和儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)型(xing)(xing)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)啟(qi)(qi)動熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組輔機五(wu)個(ge)階段，根據背景技(ji)術文獻(儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)型(xing)(xing)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)作為(wei)局域(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網黑(hei)啟(qi)(qi)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)可行(xing)(xing)性(xing)探討)對(dui)東海拉爾(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠啟(qi)(qi)動時(shi)間以及變壓器(qi)、輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間進行(xing)(xing)估計，確定(ding)每(mei)個(ge)階段所需(xu)時(shi)間分別(bie)為(wei)10min、5min、5min、5min和35min，總時(shi)長為(wei)1h。

在確定了黑啟動各階段所需時間后，采用背景技術文獻(儲能型風電場作為局域電網黑啟動電源的可行性探討)中所提有關于大良風電場黑啟動東海拉爾電廠熱電機組的啟動方案對整個過程進行仿真，從而可獲得BESS在黑啟動過程中不同階段的功率輸出數據。BESS在每個采樣點的輸出功率，可用復功率S_bess,i表示為:

S_bess,i＝P_bess,i+jQ_bess,i (3)

式中：P_bess,i和Q_bess,i分(fen)別表示BESS的有功(gong)和(he)無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率輸出(chu)，i為(wei)(wei)采樣時刻。BESS向電網輸出(chu)功(gong)率為(wei)(wei)正，從電網吸收功(gong)率為(wei)(wei)負(fu)。

另外，在實際運行時，BESS的充放電過程(cheng)(cheng)會有一定的能量損耗，利用仿真(zhen)所(suo)得BESS的有功輸出(chu)數據，并(bing)計及BESS的充放電效率，則(ze)BESS在黑(hei)啟動過程(cheng)(cheng)中每(mei)個采(cai)樣點的有功功率輸出(chu)可表(biao)示為：

式中：η_bin和η_bout分別為BESS的充電(dian)效(xiao)率和(he)放(fang)電(dian)效(xiao)率。

2.電池模塊額定容(rong)量的配置方(fang)法

電池(chi)儲能(neng)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)荷電狀態(State OfCharge，SOC)是指(zhi)其電池(chi)模(mo)塊內(nei)剩余電量與總容量的(de)比值，能(neng)夠(gou)反映電池(chi)是否工作在(zai)正常范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)。電池(chi)儲能(neng)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)荷電狀態可表示(shi)為(wei)：

式中：SOC_t為電池儲能系統t時刻的荷電狀態；E_b,t為t時刻電池模塊內的剩余能量；E_BESS為電池模塊的額定容量；SOC₀為電池儲能系統的初始荷電狀態。E_s,t為t時刻(ke)電池模塊(kuai)相對(dui)于其初(chu)始狀(zhuang)態的累計能量輸出，可表示(shi)為：

式中：T_s為采樣周期(qi)，其(qi)單位為s。

在儲能型風電場啟動熱電機組過程中，電池模塊相對于其初始狀態的累計能量輸出時刻發生變化。根據式(5)可知，當累計能量輸出處于最大值時，BESS的荷電狀態最小；反之，BESS的荷電狀態最大，因此，電池模塊的最小荷電狀態SOC_b,min和最大荷電狀態SOC_b,max可分別表示為：

式中：E_s,max和E_s,min分別為電池模塊相(xiang)對于其初始(shi)狀(zhuang)態累計能量輸出的最大(da)值和最小值。

在啟動熱電機(ji)組過(guo)程中，為了避免對電池模塊進行過(guo)充(chong)或過(guo)放，需(xu)使BESS的(de)荷電狀(zhuang)態處于(yu)設定的(de)正(zheng)常(chang)工作范圍(wei)內，可表示為：

式中：SOC_max和SOC_min分(fen)別表(biao)示BESS正(zheng)常(chang)工作時其(qi)荷(he)電(dian)狀態(tai)的(de)上、下限值。

將式(8)內兩式相減確定電池模塊額定容量E_BESS，其滿足：

3.電池模塊最大充放(fang)電功率及(ji)逆(ni)變器容量的配置方法

為了使儲能型(xing)風電(dian)場(chang)能夠(gou)在啟動(dong)熱電(dian)機(ji)組過程(cheng)中保持頻(pin)率(lv)和電(dian)壓(ya)的穩定，BESS必須能夠(gou)滿足黑(hei)(hei)啟動(dong)過程(cheng)中對(dui)于其最(zui)大有功(gong)(gong)(gong)和無功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)的需(xu)求。通過對(dui)黑(hei)(hei)啟動(dong)過程(cheng)中BESS的有功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)輸出(chu)進行統(tong)計，可獲得BESS的最(zui)大有功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)輸出(chu)，并根據該值(zhi)配置(zhi)電(dian)池模塊的最(zui)大充放電(dian)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)，即：

式中：P_bmax表示電池模塊的的最大充放電功率；α_n表示BESS功(gong)率采樣點的集(ji)合。

由式(2)可知，BESS向電網輸送無功的能力主要由PCS中逆變器的容量決定。因此，為了使BESS能夠滿足黑啟動過程中對于其無功極限的要求，PCS中逆變器的容量S_vsc滿足：

4.SOC初始值(zhi)范圍(wei)的計算方法

在執行(xing)黑(hei)啟動(dong)預案前，需檢查電池儲(chu)能系(xi)統的初(chu)始荷(he)電狀(zhuang)態(tai)是否(fou)處于(yu)合理范圍內(nei)(nei)，以保證(zheng)在黑(hei)啟動(dong)過程中(zhong)電池儲(chu)能系(xi)統的荷(he)電狀(zhuang)態(tai)能夠(gou)處于(yu)設定的工作范圍內(nei)(nei)。因此，通過整(zheng)理式(shi)(8)可得到BESS初(chu)始荷(he)電狀(zhuang)態(tai)的范圍，即：

由(you)式(9)確定(ding)電(dian)池模塊的額定(ding)容量(liang)后，代入式(12)可(ke)得(de)到(dao)初始荷電(dian)狀態(tai)的范圍(wei)，并以此作為判斷利用儲能型(xing)風電(dian)場啟(qi)動3號熱電(dian)機組方案能否進(jin)行的條(tiao)件(jian)。