本發明涉(she)及直流(liu)微電網的穩定運行，具體是一種改進的混合(he)儲(chu)能(neng)系統(tong)自適(shi)應下垂控制方(fang)法。

背景技術：

隨(sui)著新能(neng)源(yuan)發展的不斷升溫(wen)，直(zhi)流微(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)已成為分布(bu)式微(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)重(zhong)要的結網(wang)(wang)方式之(zhi)一。微(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)在(zai)孤島運(yun)行(xing)模態下，維持(chi)直(zhi)流母線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)穩(wen)定(ding)是整(zheng)個微(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)系(xi)統穩(wen)定(ding)運(yun)行(xing)的前提(ti)(ti)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)技術作(zuo)為維持(chi)微(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)系(xi)統穩(wen)定(ding)運(yun)行(xing)和提(ti)(ti)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)質量的關鍵環節(jie)，伴隨(sui)微(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的發展應(ying)(ying)運(yun)而生。而由(you)于儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)元(yuan)件各自的輸出(chu)缺(que)陷，單(dan)一儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)元(yuan)件在(zai)微(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)中的應(ying)(ying)用受到限制。近(jin)年來(lai)，多種(zhong)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)元(yuan)件復合使用引(yin)起(qi)了(le)人們的廣泛關注。

鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)具(ju)有(you)較(jiao)大的(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)密度，但(dan)(dan)循環(huan)壽命(ming)短(duan)，且(qie)不適合(he)(he)大功(gong)率(lv)充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其一般應(ying)用于微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中功(gong)率(lv)的(de)削峰(feng)填谷。而(er)近幾年(nian)發(fa)展起來的(de)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器是一種新(xin)型功(gong)率(lv)型儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)元件，其有(you)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)介電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)常數(shu)和(he)耐壓(ya)能(neng)(neng)力(li)。超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)雖然(ran)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)密度比較(jiao)低，但(dan)(dan)是有(you)著普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器快速頻(pin)繁充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)優勢，可以在短(duan)時間內吸收和(he)釋放(fang)(fang)大的(de)功(gong)率(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。基于兩(liang)者優勢互補(bu)的(de)運行(xing)特(te)性(xing)，專家(jia)們(men)將(jiang)兩(liang)者結合(he)(he)使(shi)用，并構成鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)-超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)混(hun)合(he)(he)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)系統。混(hun)合(he)(he)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)系統不僅能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)優化鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，延長儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)系統壽命(ming)，而(er)且(qie)可以提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)混(hun)合(he)(he)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)系統動態響應(ying)。而(er)如何控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)理分(fen)(fen)配和(he)承擔調節直(zhi)流微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)波(bo)(bo)動的(de)任務，同(tong)時提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)混(hun)合(he)(he)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)系統自身(shen)使(shi)用壽命(ming)是目前混(hun)合(he)(he)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)技術的(de)研究難點(dian)(dian)。為了平(ping)滑鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，有(you)學者提(ti)(ti)出利用濾(lv)波(bo)(bo)器將(jiang)直(zhi)流母線上的(de)功(gong)率(lv)波(bo)(bo)動分(fen)(fen)為低頻(pin)分(fen)(fen)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)分(fen)(fen)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)分(fen)(fen)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)與低頻(pin)分(fen)(fen)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)波(bo)(bo)動分(fen)(fen)別由超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)和(he)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行(xing)補(bu)償。也(ye)有(you)學者提(ti)(ti)出一種鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)依據(ju)(ju)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)來調整出力(li)的(de)策略，實現(xian)了鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)平(ping)滑控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)。根據(ju)(ju)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不可突變的(de)特(te)點(dian)(dian)，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)較(jiao)好(hao)地(di)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)輸出。但(dan)(dan)是超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)和(he)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)協調控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)運行(xing)還需(xu)要進一步完善。

技術實現要素：

本發明解(jie)決混(hun)合儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統在(zai)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)與(yu)超(chao)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)級(ji)(ji)聯控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式下存在(zai)不匹配的問(wen)題，即由(you)于直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)母(mu)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)處于允許波(bo)動(dong)范圍(wei)的不動(dong)作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)帶(udcl≤udc≤udch)導致超(chao)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)不能(neng)(neng)正(zheng)確響應鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的能(neng)(neng)量補償，提供(gong)一種改(gai)進的直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中混(hun)合儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統自適(shi)應下垂(chui)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)。該(gai)方(fang)法(fa)中，鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和超(chao)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)構成混(hun)合儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統，利(li)用(yong)超(chao)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)不可突變(bian)的特點控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)平(ping)滑輸出；并通過(guo)整定直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)母(mu)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)參考值，設(she)計(ji)了以直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)母(mu)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)反饋信(xin)息的超(chao)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)自適(shi)應下垂(chui)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)，實(shi)現了混(hun)合儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統運行能(neng)(neng)夠有效越過(guo)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)母(mu)線允許波(bo)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)帶，提高鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和超(chao)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)級(ji)(ji)聯控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式的可靠性(xing)。

本發(fa)明的技術方案(an)：一種改進的直流(liu)微電(dian)網中(zhong)混(hun)合(he)儲(chu)能系(xi)統自(zi)適應下垂(chui)控制(zhi)方法，所(suo)述(shu)改進的直流(liu)微電(dian)網中(zhong)混(hun)合(he)儲(chu)能系(xi)統是由鋰電(dian)池通過dc/dc變換(huan)器i連(lian)接于直流(liu)母線上(shang)，超級電(dian)容通過dc/dc變換(huan)器ii連(lian)接于直流(liu)母線上(shang)，形成并聯(lian)結(jie)構的混(hun)合(he)儲(chu)能系(xi)統。

所(suo)述dc/dc變(bian)換器(qi)i、dc/dc變(bian)換器(qi)ii均采用(yong)雙向(xiang)boost-buck電路(lu)結(jie)構(gou)。

一種改進(jin)的直流微(wei)電網中混合儲能系統自適應下垂控制(zhi)方法，包括下述(shu)內(nei)容(rong)：

(1)超級電容器的雙向dc/dc變換器i的控(kong)制

雙(shuang)向dc/dc變換(huan)器(qi)i作為前(qian)級(ji)控(kong)制(zhi)，超(chao)(chao)(chao)級(ji)電(dian)容(rong)優先動作；超(chao)(chao)(chao)級(ji)電(dian)容(rong)的輸出控(kong)制(zhi)以直(zhi)流(liu)母線電(dian)壓(ya)作為反饋信息(xi)，雙(shuang)向dc/dc變換(huan)器(qi)i采用超(chao)(chao)(chao)級(ji)電(dian)容(rong)電(dian)流(liu)-直(zhi)流(liu)母線電(dian)壓(ya)(isc-udc)下(xia)垂控(kong)制(zhi)方式(shi)，控(kong)制(zhi)超(chao)(chao)(chao)級(ji)電(dian)容(rong)向直(zhi)流(liu)母線充放電(dian)；

直流(liu)母線電壓允許偏(pian)差限值為額定(ding)電壓udcr的(de)±5％；設定(ding)udch為直流(liu)母線電壓允許波(bo)動的(de)上臨界值，udch＝(1+5％)udcr；udcl為直流(liu)母線電壓允許波(bo)動的(de)下臨界值，udcl＝(1-5％)udcr；

為(wei)了協(xie)調(diao)超(chao)級電(dian)容(rong)和鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)運(yun)行狀態，雙向dc/dc變(bian)換器i根據直流(liu)母線(xian)電(dian)壓參考值整定流(liu)程來調(diao)節自適(shi)應下垂運(yun)行曲(qu)(qu)(qu)線(xian)。當鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)不工作時(shi)，雙向dc/dc變(bian)換器i以最(zui)優控(kong)制(zhi)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)線(xian)運(yun)行控(kong)制(zhi)超(chao)級電(dian)容(rong)輸出。當鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)工作時(shi)，雙向dc/dc變(bian)換器i以充電(dian)恢復曲(qu)(qu)(qu)線(xian)或(huo)者放電(dian)恢復曲(qu)(qu)(qu)線(xian)運(yun)行控(kong)制(zhi)超(chao)級電(dian)容(rong)輸出(見圖2)。

(2)鋰電池的雙向(xiang)dc/dc變換(huan)器ii的控制(zhi)

由于(yu)超(chao)(chao)級(ji)電(dian)容(rong)為功(gong)率(lv)型儲能元件(jian)，能量密度(du)低，雙(shuang)向(xiang)(xiang)dc/dc變(bian)換(huan)器ii為后級(ji)控制，主要維(wei)持超(chao)(chao)級(ji)電(dian)容(rong)的(de)(de)容(rong)量在(zai)正常工(gong)作范圍，以間(jian)接(jie)的(de)(de)方式(shi)(shi)負責(ze)穩定微(wei)電(dian)網的(de)(de)功(gong)率(lv)平衡。鋰電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)控制以超(chao)(chao)級(ji)電(dian)容(rong)電(dian)壓作為反饋信息，雙(shuang)向(xiang)(xiang)dc/dc變(bian)換(huan)器ii采用鋰電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)流(liu)-超(chao)(chao)級(ji)電(dian)容(rong)電(dian)壓下垂控制方式(shi)(shi)，控制鋰電(dian)池(chi)向(xiang)(xiang)直流(liu)母線充放電(dian)。

本發(fa)明具備的主(zhu)要優點(dian)為：

(1)鋰電(dian)池作為后級控制(zhi)輸出(chu)，利用超級電(dian)容(rong)的緩沖作用，鋰電(dian)池對直流母線電(dian)壓變(bian)化的反應(ying)具有(you)一(yi)定滯后性，鋰電(dian)池動作次數(shu)將明顯降低，并且平(ping)滑了(le)輸出(chu)電(dian)流。

(2)通過整定直(zhi)流母(mu)線電壓參(can)考(kao)值，自動調整超(chao)級電容自適應下垂控制曲(qu)線，避免了(le)由(you)于直(zhi)流母(mu)線允許波動電壓帶的存在(zai)而導致超(chao)級電容出現補償誤差。

(3)提高(gao)鋰(li)電池和超(chao)級電容級聯控(kong)制方式的(de)可靠性。

本發明有(you)效解決了混合儲(chu)能系(xi)統在直(zhi)流(liu)微(wei)(wei)電網(wang)中鋰電池對超級電容有(you)效補償能量(liang)的問(wen)題，提供(gong)一種直(zhi)流(liu)微(wei)(wei)電網(wang)中混合儲(chu)能系(xi)統改進自適應下(xia)垂控制方法(fa)。

附圖說明

圖1是本(ben)發明中直流微電網的簡化結構及其(qi)混合儲能(neng)系統并聯結構示意圖。

圖2是本發明中雙(shuang)向dc/dc變換器i的(de)自適應下(xia)垂(chui)運行曲線。

最(zui)優工作(zuo)曲(qu)線的表(biao)達(da)式：充(chong)電：isc＝nsc(udch-udc)；放(fang)電：isc＝nsc(udcl-udc))；

充電恢復曲(qu)線的表達式isc＝nsc(udcl-udc)；

放電恢(hui)復曲線的(de)表達式(isc＝nsc(udch-udc))。

圖3是本(ben)發(fa)明中雙向dc/dc變換(huan)器i的直流母線電壓參考值整定流程圖。

圖4是本發明中雙(shuang)向dc/dc變換器(qi)ii的運(yun)行下垂曲線(xian)。運(yun)行曲線(xian)的表達式(shi)為：

圖1中：pdg，pload分(fen)(fen)別(bie)為(wei)分(fen)(fen)布式電(dian)(dian)源發出的功率(lv)(lv)和負荷(he)消耗的功率(lv)(lv)；pb，psc分(fen)(fen)別(bie)為(wei)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)與超(chao)級電(dian)(dian)容(rong)的輸(shu)出功率(lv)(lv)，phes為(wei)混合儲(chu)能(neng)系統輸(shu)出功率(lv)(lv)。cdc為(wei)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)母(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)，鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)與超(chao)級電(dian)(dian)容(rong)通過雙(shuang)向dc/dc變換器同時(shi)連接于(yu)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)母(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)上(shang)，兩者將在(zai)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)母(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)處進行能(neng)量交匯(hui)。超(chao)級電(dian)(dian)容(rong)平抑高頻波(bo)動，改善(shan)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)質量；鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)將大(da)部分(fen)(fen)能(neng)量直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接注入直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)母(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)，對直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)微電(dian)(dian)網的功率(lv)(lv)削峰(feng)填谷，同時(shi)通過直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)母(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)為(wei)超(chao)級電(dian)(dian)容(rong)補償能(neng)量。

圖2中(zhong)：udc為直(zhi)流母(mu)(mu)線電(dian)壓，isc為超(chao)級電(dian)容輸出電(dian)流。udch，udcl為直(zhi)流母(mu)(mu)線電(dian)壓允(yun)許波動的上下臨(lin)界值(zhi)，udcr為直(zhi)流母(mu)(mu)線電(dian)壓額定值(zhi)，nsc為下垂系數。

圖3中：udc為(wei)直流母線電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，udch，udcl為(wei)直流母線電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)允許(xu)波動的(de)上下臨(lin)界值(zhi)(zhi)；usc為(wei)超(chao)級(ji)電(dian)(dian)容電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，usc2，usc3為(wei)超(chao)級(ji)電(dian)(dian)容電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)最佳工作范(fan)圍的(de)上下臨(lin)界值(zhi)(zhi)，也為(wei)雙(shuang)(shuang)向dc/dc變換器(qi)ii的(de)動作閾值(zhi)(zhi)；udc-ref為(wei)雙(shuang)(shuang)向dc/dc變換器(qi)i控制器(qi)的(de)直流母線電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)參(can)考值(zhi)(zhi)。

圖4中：usc1、usc2、usc3、usc4分別為(wei)鋰電(dian)(dian)池根據超級電(dian)(dian)容(rong)儲能(neng)容(rong)量而(er)設置的工(gong)作臨界值(zhi)；ibm為(wei)鋰電(dian)(dian)池充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)限值(zhi)；nb為(wei)此下(xia)垂關(guan)系的下(xia)垂系數。

具體實施方式

一種(zhong)直流微電網(wang)中混合儲能系統改進自(zi)適(shi)應下(xia)垂控制(zhi)方(fang)法,基于鋰電池和超(chao)級電容并聯(lian)結構，通過dc/dc變換器協調控制(zhi)儲能單元輸出。

所述鋰電池和超級電容分別通過dc/dc變換器i和dc/dc變換器ii連(lian)接于直(zhi)流母線上，形成(cheng)并(bing)聯結構的(de)混合儲能系統。

所述dc/dc變換器i、dc/dc變換器ii均采用(yong)雙向boost-buck電路結構(gou)。

一種直(zhi)流微電(dian)(dian)網中混(hun)合儲能系統改進自適應下垂控(kong)制(zhi)方法(fa)(該方法(fa)是基于本發明所述(shu)的直(zhi)流微電(dian)(dian)網中鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池和超級電(dian)(dian)容(rong)并(bing)聯結構混(hun)合儲能系統實現的)，包(bao)括下述(shu)內(nei)容(rong)：

(1)雙向(xiang)dc/dc變(bian)換器i為前級(ji)控制，使超級(ji)電容(rong)優先(xian)動作；雙向(xiang)dc/dc變(bian)換器ii后級(ji)控制，維持超級(ji)電容(rong)的容(rong)量在正常(chang)工作范(fan)圍，穩定(ding)微電網的功率平衡(heng)；

(2)雙向(xiang)dc/dc變(bian)換(huan)(huan)器i采用(yong)超級電(dian)(dian)容(rong)電(dian)(dian)流-直(zhi)(zhi)流母(mu)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)壓下垂(chui)(chui)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方式，控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)超級電(dian)(dian)容(rong)向(xiang)直(zhi)(zhi)流母(mu)線(xian)充放電(dian)(dian)；所述超級電(dian)(dian)容(rong)電(dian)(dian)流-直(zhi)(zhi)流母(mu)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)壓下垂(chui)(chui)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方式為：設定udc為直(zhi)(zhi)流母(mu)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)壓，nsc為下垂(chui)(chui)系數,udc-ref為雙向(xiang)dc/dc變(bian)換(huan)(huan)器i控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器的直(zhi)(zhi)流母(mu)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)壓參考值；計算雙向(xiang)dc/dc變(bian)換(huan)(huan)器i控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的超級電(dian)(dian)容(rong)充放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流isc＝nsc(udc-ref-udc)；

(3)雙向(xiang)dc/dc變換器ii采(cai)用鋰電(dian)池電(dian)流-超(chao)級電(dian)容電(dian)壓下垂控(kong)(kong)(kong)制方式，控(kong)(kong)(kong)制鋰電(dian)池向(xiang)直(zhi)流母線充放電(dian)，鋰電(dian)池的輸出控(kong)(kong)(kong)制以超(chao)級電(dian)容電(dian)壓作為(wei)反饋信息；所(suo)述(shu)鋰電(dian)池電(dian)流-超(chao)級電(dian)容電(dian)壓下垂控(kong)(kong)(kong)制方式為(wei)：

設定usc1、usc2、usc3、usc4，并(bing)使(shi)得usc1<usc2<usc3<usc4，其中usc2、usc3為超級電容(rong)最佳(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)電壓區間閾值，usc1、usc4為超級電容(rong)最大工(gong)作(zuo)電壓區間臨界值。

分別為(wei)鋰電(dian)(dian)池根據超級電(dian)(dian)容儲能容量而設置的(de)工作臨(lin)界電(dian)(dian)壓值；ibm為(wei)鋰電(dian)(dian)池充放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)限值；nb為(wei)下(xia)垂關系(xi)的(de)下(xia)垂系(xi)數；

根據(ju)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流-超級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下垂關系，雙向dc/dc變換(huan)器ii控制的鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流計算表達(da)式如下：

當(dang)超(chao)級電(dian)容電(dian)壓usc介(jie)于usc2和usc3之間(jian)時(shi)，雙(shuang)向(xiang)dc/dc變換(huan)器ii不工作，減少鋰電(dian)池的動作次數；

當usc1＜usc≤usc2時，鋰電池根(gen)據(ju)下垂關系(xi)開始放電；

當(dang)usc3≤usc＜usc4時，鋰電(dian)池進行充電(dian)；

(4)直流母線電壓(ya)(ya)允許偏差限值為額定電壓(ya)(ya)udcr的±5％；

設定udch為(wei)直流(liu)母線電(dian)壓允許波(bo)動(dong)電(dian)壓帶的上臨界值(zhi)，udcl為(wei)直流(liu)母線電(dian)壓允許波(bo)動(dong)電(dian)壓帶的下臨界值(zhi)；

udch＝(1+5％)udcr，udcl＝(1-5％)udcr；雙(shuang)向dc/dc變換器i根據直(zhi)流(liu)母線電壓參考值(zhi)整定流(liu)程來(lai)調節(jie)自適應(ying)下垂(chui)運行曲線：具體調節(jie)方法如下：

當超級(ji)電容(rong)保持在最(zui)佳運(yun)行區間usc2≤usc≤usc3，且不需(xu)要能量補(bu)償時，超級(ji)電容(rong)將直流母線電壓維持在允許波動電壓帶(dai)；

udc＞udch，則udc-ref＝udch；udc＜udcl，則udc-ref＝udcl。直流母(mu)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)壓參考值根(gen)據直流母(mu)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)壓波動整定(ding)，雙(shuang)向dc/dc變換器i控制超級電(dian)容以工作最優曲(qu)線(xian)(xian)(充電(dian)：isc＝nsc(udch-udc)；放(fang)電(dian)：isc＝nsc(udcl-udc))運(yun)行；

當鋰電(dian)(dian)池工作時，超級電(dian)(dian)容作為信(xin)息反(fan)饋載體，為了避免允許波動(dong)電(dian)(dian)壓帶使超級電(dian)(dian)容處于空(kong)閑或(huo)欠補償狀態，采取如下方法：

usc>usc3鋰(li)電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)時，直流母線電(dian)壓參考值(zhi)整定值(zhi)為：udc-ref＝udch，雙(shuang)向dc/dc變換器i控(kong)制(zhi)超(chao)級電(dian)容以放電(dian)恢復(fu)曲線(isc＝nsc(udch-udc))運(yun)行；當usc<usc2鋰(li)電(dian)池放電(dian)時，直流母線電(dian)壓參考值(zhi)整定值(zhi)為：udc-ref＝udcl，雙(shuang)向dc/dc變換器i控(kong)制(zhi)超(chao)級電(dian)容以充(chong)電(dian)恢復(fu)曲線(isc＝nsc(udcl-udc))運(yun)行。