本實用新型涉(she)及(ji)一(yi)種電(dian)機(ji)堵(du)轉(zhuan)保護(hu)電(dian)路模塊,尤其(qi)涉(she)及(ji)一(yi)種無刷(shua)直流(liu)電(dian)機(ji)快(kuai)速堵(du)轉(zhuan)保護(hu)電(dian)路模塊。
背景技術:
無(wu)刷(shua)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)是指無(wu)電(dian)(dian)刷(shua)和(he)換向(xiang)器(qi)(或集電(dian)(dian)環(huan))并(bing)采用(yong)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji),一般由電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)主體和(he)內(nei)部集成驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)組成,是一種典型的機(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)一體化產(chan)品,其(qi)具(ju)有傳統直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的優(you)點,同時又取消(xiao)了碳刷(shua)、滑環(huan)結構,不(bu)產(chan)生火花,工(gong)作可靠,壽命(ming)長,被廣泛應用(yong)于汽車、工(gong)具(ju)、工(gong)業(ye)控制以及(ji)航(hang)空航(hang)天等(deng)領域,在自動(dong)(dong)(dong)門窗控制上也發(fa)揮(hui)出(chu)較大優(you)勢(shi)。
但是,無刷直流電機應(ying)用(yong)于自動(dong)門窗及(ji)相關(guan)控制領域時,當機械(xie)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)運動(dong)到限位或運行中遇(yu)到障礙物(wu)而堵(du)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)時,如不(bu)及(ji)時、迅速(su)(su)地閉鎖電機并撤銷輸出轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩,則不(bu)僅會造(zao)成(cheng)電機及(ji)機械(xie)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)的損(sun)壞,而且(qie)可能會對使(shi)用(yong)者(zhe)造(zao)成(cheng)人身傷害,如身體擠壓、夾傷等。一般的機械(xie)限位保護(hu)(hu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)采用(yong)了機械(xie)式接(jie)近開(kai)(kai)關(guan),但接(jie)近開(kai)(kai)關(guan)工(gong)作(zuo)壽命有(you)限,啟動(dong)速(su)(su)度慢,且(qie)不(bu)能保護(hu)(hu)機械(xie)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)運行途中的堵(du)轉(zhuan)(zhuan);而且(qie)經(jing)本實用(yong)新(xin)型設計(ji)者(zhe)試驗,一般的電子(zi)保護(hu)(hu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(包括電機內(nei)部(bu)集成(cheng)驅動(dong)器的過(guo)流保護(hu)(hu)電路)難以實現對自動(dong)門窗控制用(yong)無刷直流電機的快速(su)(su)堵(du)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)保護(hu)(hu),無法滿足(zu)安(an)全(quan)性(xing)、可靠性(xing)要求(qiu)。
一(yi)般帶內(nei)部集成驅動(dong)器的(de)無(wu)(wu)刷直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)由(you)5根引(yin)線進行控(kong)(kong)制(zhi),分別是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)線V+(紅色)、地(di)(di)線GND(黑色)、方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)線CW/CCW(黃色,高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平正轉,低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平反轉)、控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)調速(su)線PWM(高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平禁(jin)止(zhi)、低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平使能)、測(ce)速(su)脈沖信號線PUSLE(綠色)。已(yi)有(you)的(de)一(yi)些有(you)刷直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)保(bao)護(hu)裝置采用(yong)了過流(liu)(liu)觸發保(bao)護(hu),斷開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan),反向(xiang)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解鎖(suo)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)模式,而從無(wu)(wu)刷直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)引(yin)線的(de)構成和(he)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式上可見,無(wu)(wu)刷直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)線V+和(he)地(di)(di)線GND不能反向(xiang)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),所(suo)以該模式無(wu)(wu)法(fa)適(shi)用(yong)于無(wu)(wu)刷直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)保(bao)護(hu),而本(ben)實(shi)用(yong)新(xin)型考慮采用(yong)的(de)模式是過流(liu)(liu)觸發保(bao)護(hu),方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)線CW/CCW翻轉解鎖(suo)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)保(bao)護(hu)模式。
技術實現要素:
本實用新(xin)型解決的技術問題是提(ti)供(gong)一種無刷(shua)直流(liu)電(dian)機快速(su)堵轉保護電(dian)路模塊,如圖1所示,將(jiang)該電(dian)路模塊接入(ru)控(kong)制器和無刷(shua)直流(liu)電(dian)機之(zhi)間(jian),無刷(shua)直流(liu)電(dian)機在任何情(qing)況發生堵轉時(shi),均能(neng)以小于(yu)100μs的啟動時(shi)間(jian)對電(dian)機進(jin)行(xing)快速(su)保護,撤(che)銷輸出轉矩,閉鎖電(dian)機,直至方(fang)向控(kong)制信號發生翻轉時(shi)解鎖電(dian)機,從而提(ti)高自(zi)動門窗等機械裝(zhuang)置的運行(xing)安全性。
為(wei)了(le)解(jie)決所(suo)述技術問題(ti),該電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)模(mo)塊由模(mo)擬及(ji)數字電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)實(shi)現堵轉電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)檢測、保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)動作、保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)解(jie)鎖(suo)(suo)功能,如圖2所(suo)示,具體包含電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)取(qu)樣(yang)、信(xin)號(hao)放(fang)大(da)、閾值(zhi)設(she)置及(ji)比(bi)(bi)較、RS觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)器、保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)閉(bi)鎖(suo)(suo)、保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)解(jie)鎖(suo)(suo)六部分(fen),其中,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)解(jie)鎖(suo)(suo)部分(fen)又(you)由單穩(wen)態(tai)觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)器、上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)復位電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、與非門(men)邏輯電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)構成。系(xi)統連接(jie)及(ji)信(xin)號(hao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)向關系(xi)為(wei):該電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)模(mo)塊接(jie)在控(kong)制(zhi)器和無刷直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)之(zhi)間,電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)取(qu)樣(yang)元件接(jie)在無刷直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中,電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)取(qu)樣(yang)信(xin)號(hao)接(jie)入(ru)信(xin)號(hao)放(fang)大(da)器,放(fang)大(da)器輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓接(jie)入(ru)比(bi)(bi)較器并與保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)閾值(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓進行比(bi)(bi)較,比(bi)(bi)較器輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)信(xin)號(hao)接(jie)入(ru)RS觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)器S端,RS觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)器Q端輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)信(xin)號(hao)接(jie)入(ru)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)閉(bi)鎖(suo)(suo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),由保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)閉(bi)鎖(suo)(suo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)閉(bi)鎖(suo)(suo);而無刷直流(liu)(liu)(liu)換向控(kong)制(zhi)信(xin)號(hao)CW/CCW接(jie)入(ru)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)解(jie)鎖(suo)(suo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)解(jie)鎖(suo)(suo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)產生的(de)解(jie)鎖(suo)(suo)觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)信(xin)號(hao)接(jie)至RS觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)器的(de)R端,控(kong)制(zhi)RS觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)器Q端發(fa)生翻轉,解(jie)除(chu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)閉(bi)鎖(suo)(suo)狀態(tai)。
如圖(tu)2所示(shi),該(gai)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)模塊(kuai)通(tong)過(guo)接(jie)(jie)(jie)在直(zhi)流無刷電(dian)機電(dian)源(yuan)回路(lu)(lu)的(de)電(dian)阻對電(dian)機驅動電(dian)流進行取樣,并(bing)經過(guo)模擬信(xin)(xin)號放大及比較器(qi),與(yu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)閾(yu)值(zhi)電(dian)壓比較后產生保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)觸發(fa)信(xin)(xin)號,保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)觸發(fa)信(xin)(xin)號被(bei)接(jie)(jie)(jie)至RS觸發(fa)器(qi)S端(duan),由于(yu)RS觸發(fa)器(qi)的(de)記憶功能,可(ke)維持保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)閉鎖狀態(tai),另(ling)有保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)解鎖信(xin)(xin)號接(jie)(jie)(jie)至RS觸發(fa)器(qi)R端(duan)。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)模塊(kuai)的(de)具體工作原理和過(guo)程(cheng)是:
a、系統上電復位后,RS觸發器Q端處于0狀態,電機正常(chang)工作;
b、而當電(dian)機堵轉后,其電(dian)流(liu)迅速升高,經由(you)(you)電(dian)流(liu)取(qu)樣及(ji)放大后的信號與保(bao)護閾值進行(xing)比較后輸(shu)出(chu)高電(dian)平將(jiang)RS觸發器Q端置1,無刷電(dian)機PWM信號被(bei)閉鎖(suo)(suo),輸(shu)出(chu)轉矩被(bei)撤銷,迅速達到堵轉保(bao)護,并且由(you)(you)于RS觸發器的記憶功能,可(ke)維持保(bao)護閉鎖(suo)(suo)狀態。
如(ru)圖2所示,該方(fang)法的保(bao)護解(jie)鎖(suo)(suo)邏輯電路將控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)的換向CW/CCW信號(hao)經單穩態(tai)觸發(fa)器(qi)作用后(hou)產生解(jie)鎖(suo)(suo)觸發(fa)脈沖,并與(yu)上(shang)電復位(wei)信號(hao)與(yu)非后(hou)輸(shu)出(chu)解(jie)鎖(suo)(suo)信號(hao)到RS觸發(fa)器(qi)S端,解(jie)鎖(suo)(suo)電路的具體工作原理及過程是:
a、當換向信(xin)號(hao)CW/CCW保(bao)(bao)持(chi)不變時,即使(shi)電(dian)機堵轉(zhuan)電(dian)流(liu)消(xiao)失(變為0),但(dan)由于RS觸發器的狀態保(bao)(bao)持(chi)特性(xing),無刷直流(liu)電(dian)機PWM信(xin)號(hao)仍保(bao)(bao)持(chi)閉(bi)鎖狀態;
b、而(er)當換向信(xin)號(hao)CW/CCW發生(sheng)翻轉式時,由單穩態觸發器(qi)產(chan)生(sheng)一定寬(kuan)度(約20ms)復(fu)位(wei)脈沖(chong)(chong),復(fu)位(wei)脈沖(chong)(chong)被接至RS觸發器(qi)的(de)R端,并將RS觸發器(qi)置0,使得保護解鎖,電機處于(yu)正常工作(zuo)狀態。
根據以(yi)(yi)上保護(hu)閉(bi)鎖(suo)和解(jie)鎖(suo)原理及過程可(ke)(ke)見,采(cai)用該無刷直(zhi)流電(dian)機(ji)快(kuai)速(su)堵(du)轉保護(hu)模塊,無刷直(zhi)流電(dian)機(ji)在(zai)任何情況發生(sheng)堵(du)轉時(shi)(shi)(shi),均能對電(dian)機(ji)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)快(kuai)速(su)堵(du)轉保護(hu),撤銷(xiao)輸出(chu)轉矩(ju),閉(bi)鎖(suo)電(dian)機(ji),直(zhi)至(zhi)方向控(kong)制信號發生(sheng)翻轉時(shi)(shi)(shi)解(jie)鎖(suo)電(dian)機(ji),即當電(dian)機(ji)前(qian)向運行(xing)(xing)發生(sheng)堵(du)轉時(shi)(shi)(shi),可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)快(kuai)速(su)被保護(hu)并(bing)保持閉(bi)鎖(suo)狀態(tai)(此時(shi)(shi)(shi)控(kong)制器如發出(chu)同向運行(xing)(xing)指令(ling)是無效的),而控(kong)制器發出(chu)反向運行(xing)(xing)指令(ling)時(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)解(jie)鎖(suo)電(dian)機(ji),使其(qi)恢復(fu)正常(chang)運行(xing)(xing)。
優選的是,所(suo)述無刷直流電機快速堵轉保護(hu)(hu)電路模(mo)塊中(zhong)的閾(yu)值比較器、單穩態觸(chu)發(fa)器、RS觸(chu)發(fa)器、與非門及保護(hu)(hu)閉鎖電路均采用TTL或CMOS硬件(jian)電路實現,電平翻(fan)轉速度快,保護(hu)(hu)啟動(dong)時間短(小于100μs)。
優選(xuan)的是,所述無刷直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)機快(kuai)速(su)堵轉保護方法(fa)及電(dian)路(lu),其堵轉電(dian)流(liu)(liu)保護的啟動(dong)閾值按躲過電(dian)機最大啟動(dong)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)進行整定。
本(ben)實用(yong)新型至少(shao)包括以下(xia)有益效果:
(1)對無刷直流電(dian)機(ji)在任何情況(kuang)發生的(de)堵(du)轉(zhuan)情況(kuang),均(jun)能(neng)快速啟動保護,撤(che)銷(xiao)輸出(chu)轉(zhuan)矩,閉鎖電(dian)機(ji),啟動時間可(ke)在100μs以內,從而提高自動門(men)窗等機(ji)械裝置的(de)運行安(an)全性。
(2)采用純模(mo)擬及(ji)數字(zi)邏輯電路實現堵轉電流的采樣(yang)、信(xin)號放大、閉鎖(suo)(suo)邏輯及(ji)解鎖(suo)(suo)邏輯,無需(xu)采用CPU及(ji)計算機程序(xu)實現相關功能,結構簡(jian)單,成(cheng)本低廉(lian)。
(3)保(bao)護動作后,由(you)于RS觸發(fa)(fa)器具有(you)狀態保(bao)持功能,即(ji)使電(dian)流降(jiang)為(wei)0,電(dian)機仍保(bao)持閉(bi)鎖,不會重復(fu)發(fa)(fa)生同向運(yun)行(xing)堵轉(zhuan)現象(xiang),保(bao)護可靠,但反向運(yun)行(xing)即(ji)可及時(shi)直接解鎖保(bao)護,使用方便。
(4)保護(hu)動(dong)作啟(qi)動(dong)電流閾(yu)值可(ke)以通過電位器調整(zheng),方便進(jin)行(xing)動(dong)作閾(yu)值的整(zheng)定。
本實(shi)用新型的(de)其它(ta)優點(dian)、目(mu)標(biao)和(he)特征將部分通(tong)過下面(mian)的(de)說明體現,部分還將通(tong)過對本實(shi)用新型的(de)研究和(he)實(shi)踐而為本領(ling)域的(de)技術人員所(suo)理解。
附圖說明
圖(tu)1為本實用(yong)新型所述的(de)(de)無刷直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)機保護(hu)模(mo)塊的(de)(de)接(jie)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)機控制系統的(de)(de)接(jie)線方法示意圖(tu)。
圖2為本實用新型所述的(de)無刷直流電(dian)機(ji)保護(hu)電(dian)路模塊的(de)實現原理框圖。
圖3中(a)為本實(shi)用新型的接線端(duan)子(zi)及系統電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)變換原理圖,(b)為堵轉電(dian)(dian)流采集(ji)及閾值比較電(dian)(dian)路原理圖,(c)為本實(shi)用新型閉鎖及解鎖邏(luo)輯實(shi)施的電(dian)(dian)路原理圖。
具體實施方式
下面結合附圖對本實(shi)用新型做進一步的詳細說明,以令本領域技術人員參照(zhao)說明書文字(zi)能夠據(ju)以實(shi)施。
應當理解,本文所使用(yong)的(de)諸如“具有”、“包(bao)含”以及“包(bao)括”術語并(bing)不排除一(yi)個(ge)或多個(ge)其它元(yuan)件或其組合(he)的(de)存在或添加。
本(ben)實用新(xin)型(xing)公開一種適(shi)用于無刷(shua)(shua)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)快速堵(du)轉保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)。該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)采(cai)用純模(mo)(mo)擬及(ji)數字電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)組成,其由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)取(qu)樣、信號(hao)(hao)放(fang)大、閾(yu)值設(she)置及(ji)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)、RS觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)器、保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)閉(bi)(bi)鎖(suo)(suo)(suo)、保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)解鎖(suo)(suo)(suo)部分(fen)組成,其中,保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)解鎖(suo)(suo)(suo)部分(fen)又由單穩態觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)器、上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)復位電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、與(yu)(yu)非門數字邏輯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)構成。系統連(lian)接(jie)(jie)及(ji)信號(hao)(hao)流(liu)(liu)向關系為:該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)接(jie)(jie)在控(kong)制器和無刷(shua)(shua)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)之(zhi)間,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)取(qu)樣元件接(jie)(jie)在無刷(shua)(shua)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)取(qu)樣信號(hao)(hao)接(jie)(jie)入信號(hao)(hao)放(fang)大器,放(fang)大器輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓接(jie)(jie)入比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)器并(bing)與(yu)(yu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)閾(yu)值電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓進行(xing)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao),比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)器輸(shu)(shu)出信號(hao)(hao)接(jie)(jie)入RS觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)器S端(duan),RS觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)器Q端(duan)輸(shu)(shu)出信號(hao)(hao)接(jie)(jie)入保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)閉(bi)(bi)鎖(suo)(suo)(suo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),由保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)閉(bi)(bi)鎖(suo)(suo)(suo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)進行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)閉(bi)(bi)鎖(suo)(suo)(suo);而無刷(shua)(shua)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)換向控(kong)制信號(hao)(hao)CW/CCW接(jie)(jie)入保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)解鎖(suo)(suo)(suo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)解鎖(suo)(suo)(suo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)產(chan)生的解鎖(suo)(suo)(suo)觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)信號(hao)(hao)接(jie)(jie)至RS觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)器的R端(duan),控(kong)制RS觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)器Q端(duan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生翻轉,解除保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)閉(bi)(bi)鎖(suo)(suo)(suo)狀態。
c、該保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)路模塊工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)原理是(shi):通過(guo)接(jie)在(zai)直流(liu)(liu)無刷電(dian)(dian)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)源回路的(de)電(dian)(dian)阻對電(dian)(dian)機(ji)驅動電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)進行取樣,并經(jing)過(guo)模擬信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)放大及(ji)比較器(qi)(qi)(qi),與(yu)保(bao)護(hu)閾值電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)比較后產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)保(bao)護(hu)觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao),保(bao)護(hu)觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)接(jie)至(zhi)RS觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)S端(duan),保(bao)護(hu)解鎖(suo)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)接(jie)至(zhi)RS觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)R端(duan)。系(xi)統(tong)上(shang)電(dian)(dian)復(fu)位(wei)后,RS觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Q端(duan)處于(yu)(yu)0狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態,電(dian)(dian)機(ji)正常(chang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo);而當電(dian)(dian)機(ji)堵(du)轉后,其電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)迅(xun)速升高,經(jing)由(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)取樣及(ji)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)放大后的(de)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)與(yu)保(bao)護(hu)閾值進行比較后輸出高電(dian)(dian)平(ping)將(jiang)RS觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Q端(duan)置(zhi)1,無刷電(dian)(dian)機(ji)PWM信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)被閉(bi)鎖(suo),輸出轉矩被撤銷,迅(xun)速達(da)到堵(du)轉保(bao)護(hu),且由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)RS觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)記憶功(gong)能(neng),可維(wei)持(chi)保(bao)護(hu)閉(bi)鎖(suo)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態;當換向(xiang)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)保(bao)持(chi)不變時,即便電(dian)(dian)機(ji)堵(du)轉電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)消(xiao)失(shi)(變為0),但由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)RS觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態保(bao)持(chi)特性,無刷直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)PWM信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)仍保(bao)持(chi)閉(bi)鎖(suo)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態;而當換向(xiang)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)CW/CCW發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)翻轉式時,由(you)(you)單穩態觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)一定寬度(約20ms)復(fu)位(wei)脈沖,復(fu)位(wei)脈沖被接(jie)至(zhi)RS觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)R端(duan),并將(jiang)RS觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)置(zhi)0,使得(de)保(bao)護(hu)解鎖(suo),電(dian)(dian)機(ji)處于(yu)(yu)正常(chang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態。當換向(xiang)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)翻轉式時,由(you)(you)單穩態觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)復(fu)位(wei)脈沖,并將(jiang)RS觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)置(zhi)0,使得(de)保(bao)護(hu)及(ji)時解鎖(suo),電(dian)(dian)機(ji)處于(yu)(yu)正常(chang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態。
如(ru)圖3中(a)、圖3中(b)及圖3中(c)所(suo)示為(wei)一種無(wu)刷直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)機(ji)快速堵轉保(bao)(bao)護的電(dian)路模(mo)塊(kuai)的實例,即具體實施電(dian)路。該(gai)實例電(dian)路是一個對用于自動門窗控制的無(wu)刷直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)機(ji)實施快速保(bao)(bao)護的電(dian)路模(mo)塊(kuai)。
圖3中(a)所示為一個(ge)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源管理芯片(pian)TD1591、若干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容、二(er)極管等器件構成(cheng)的小(xiao)功率BUCK型開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源,用(yong)于(yu)將輸(shu)入的無刷直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機驅動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源V+降壓(ya)變換成(cheng)本(ben)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路模(mo)塊中模(mo)擬及數字電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路工作(zuo)所需要的直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源VCC。
所述電流取樣由圖3中(b)中的1Ω電阻R6實現,其串聯(lian)在電源(yuan)(yuan)輸入網(wang)絡V+和輸出到電機的電源(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)絡VM之(zhi)間,當電機運行時電流流過R6,電流大小被轉換(huan)成電壓信(xin)號。
所(suo)述信號放(fang)(fang)大(da)功能(neng)由圖3中(b)中的(de)U4即集成(cheng)電流檢測放(fang)(fang)大(da)器芯片INA282實現,該(gai)放(fang)(fang)大(da)器將輸入(ru)到8端(+IN)和1端(-IN)之間的(de)差動電壓放(fang)(fang)大(da)50倍(bei)后從5端(OUT)輸出。
所述閾值設置及比較由圖3中(b)中的10kΩ電位器R7及電壓比較器U5A即LM393構成,通過調整電位器R7將保護動作閾值電壓輸入到LM393的2端(N端),而檢測電壓輸入到LM393的3端(P端),當發生堵轉過流時,檢測電壓高于閾值電壓即UP>UN,LM393的1端(duan)(OUT端(duan))由低電(dian)平(ping)(ping)變為高電(dian)平(ping)(ping),且該(gai)電(dian)平(ping)(ping)通過CURRENT_DETECT網絡(luo)輸出(chu)至RS觸發(fa)器的S端(duan)。
所述RS觸(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)器由圖3中(c)中的(de)(de)兩(liang)個或(huo)非門(men)74LS02單元構(gou)成,即U3B和(he)U3C,集成四(si)或(huo)非門(men)芯片U3的(de)(de)5腳(jiao)為(wei)(wei)RS觸(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)器的(de)(de)R端(duan)(duan)(duan),U3的(de)(de)9腳(jiao)為(wei)(wei)RS觸(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)器的(de)(de)S端(duan)(duan)(duan),U3的(de)(de)6腳(jiao)和(he)10腳(jiao)相連作為(wei)(wei)RS觸(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)器的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出端(duan)(duan)(duan),U3的(de)(de)8腳(jiao)和(he)4腳(jiao)相連作為(wei)(wei)RS觸(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)器的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出Q端(duan)(duan)(duan)。U3的(de)(de)9腳(jiao)(S端(duan)(duan)(duan))輸(shu)(shu)入為(wei)(wei)高(gao)時,Q端(duan)(duan)(duan)被置(zhi)(zhi)高(gao),并保(bao)持(chi)(chi)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)平狀態;U3的(de)(de)5腳(jiao)(R端(duan)(duan)(duan))輸(shu)(shu)入為(wei)(wei)高(gao)時,Q端(duan)(duan)(duan)被置(zhi)(zhi)低,并保(bao)持(chi)(chi)低電(dian)(dian)平。
如圖(tu)3中(c)所示,所述(shu)保護閉鎖(suo)電(dian)(dian)路由一個或非門74LS02單元(yuan)U3D、電(dian)(dian)阻R4及R5、NPN型(xing)三(san)極管Q1(9013)構成,RS觸發器Q端輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)高電(dian)(dian)平至(zhi)U3D的(de)12腳時,其(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)端13腳被強制置為低(di)電(dian)(dian)平,三(san)極管Q1不導通,PWM_OUT輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)為高電(dian)(dian)平,電(dian)(dian)機運行(xing)被禁止,U3D的(de)12腳輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)低(di)電(dian)(dian)平時,其(qi)13腳的(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)由11腳的(de)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)信(xin)號PWM_IN決(jue)定,PWM_OUT輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)與調速控制信(xin)號PWM_IN波形(xing)一致,電(dian)(dian)機正常運行(xing)并按PWM_IN信(xin)號的(de)占空比進行(xing)調速。
如(ru)圖3中(c)所(suo)示,所(suo)述保護解鎖(suo)邏輯部分(fen)的(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)穩(wen)(wen)態(tai)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)器(qi)由(you)集成雙單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)穩(wen)(wen)態(tai)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)器(qi)芯片74LS123的(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(U2A和U2B)、一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)與(yu)非(fei)門(men)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)U1A(74LS00)、一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)或非(fei)門(men)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)U3A(74LS02)及兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)5.1kΩ電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1和R2、兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)10μF電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容C1和C2構成。輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)的(de)(de)方向控制(zhi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)CW/CCW被分(fen)成兩(liang)(liang)路(lu),一(yi)(yi)路(lu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)經過與(yu)非(fei)門(men)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)U1A構成的(de)(de)反相器(qi)(其(qi)1腳(jiao)和2腳(jiao)并(bing)聯)后再輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)到(dao)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)穩(wen)(wen)態(tai)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)器(qi)U2的(de)(de)1腳(jiao)作(zuo)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)穩(wen)(wen)態(tai)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)源(yuan),另(ling)一(yi)(yi)路(lu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)直接輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)到(dao)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)穩(wen)(wen)態(tai)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)器(qi)U2的(de)(de)9腳(jiao)作(zuo)為(wei)另(ling)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)穩(wen)(wen)態(tai)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)源(yuan),R1、C1及R2、C2分(fen)別組成RC充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網絡并(bing)分(fen)別接入(ru)到(dao)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)穩(wen)(wen)態(tai)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)器(qi)的(de)(de)6、7、14、15腳(jiao)以(yi)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)VCC間,為(wei)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)穩(wen)(wen)態(tai)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)提供延時(shi),決定(ding)輸(shu)(shu)出單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)穩(wen)(wen)態(tai)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)脈沖(chong)的(de)(de)寬度約(yue)為(wei)20ms,由(you)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)穩(wen)(wen)態(tai)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)從(cong)各(ge)自的(de)(de)Q端(U2的(de)(de)13腳(jiao)和5腳(jiao))輸(shu)(shu)出的(de)(de)脈沖(chong)經一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)或非(fei)門(men)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)U3A(74LS02)作(zuo)用后輸(shu)(shu)出一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)約(yue)20ms的(de)(de)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)脈沖(chong),用于后繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)RS觸(chu)(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)器(qi)復位信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)。該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)可(ke)以(yi)達(da)到(dao)的(de)(de)效果是:當CW/CCW信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)由(you)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)變為(wei)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)時(shi),單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)穩(wen)(wen)態(tai)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)U2B產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)脈沖(chong),而當CW/CCW信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)由(you)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)變為(wei)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)時(shi),單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)穩(wen)(wen)態(tai)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)U2A產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)脈沖(chong),經過U3A(74LS02)或非(fei)后使得CW/CCW信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)任(ren)意翻轉都會在U3A(74LS02)輸(shu)(shu)出端產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)脈沖(chong)。
如圖3中(c)所(suo)(suo)示,所(suo)(suo)述上電(dian)(dian)復(fu)位電(dian)(dian)路(lu)由5.1kΩ電(dian)(dian)阻R3及10μF電(dian)(dian)容C3串聯(lian)而成,所(suo)(suo)述電(dian)(dian)阻一(yi)端(duan)接至電(dian)(dian)源,電(dian)(dian)容一(yi)端(duan)接至地(di),串聯(lian)點(dian)(dian)接至所(suo)(suo)述與(yu)(yu)非(fei)門74LS00(U1B)的4腳,與(yu)(yu)上述U3A(74LS02)輸(shu)(shu)出端(duan)產生(sheng)的低(di)電(dian)(dian)平(ping)脈沖(chong)與(yu)(yu)非(fei)后輸(shu)(shu)出信號至所(suo)(suo)述RS觸(chu)發(fa)器(qi)的R端(duan)。R3和C3組成RC充放電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)絡,系統上電(dian)(dian)時,RC網(wang)(wang)絡串聯(lian)點(dian)(dian)產生(sheng)約20ms低(di)電(dian)(dian)平(ping),經與(yu)(yu)非(fei)門作用(yong)后產生(sheng)約20ms高電(dian)(dian)平(ping)復(fu)位脈沖(chong),對RS觸(chu)發(fa)器(qi)進行復(fu)位;正常情況下,RC網(wang)(wang)絡串聯(lian)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)持高電(dian)(dian)平(ping),此時與(yu)(yu)非(fei)門74LS00(U1B)相當于一(yi)個反相器(qi),將U3A(74LS02)輸(shu)(shu)出端(duan)產生(sheng)的低(di)電(dian)(dian)平(ping)脈沖(chong)反相為高電(dian)(dian)平(ping)脈沖(chong),施加(jia)到RS觸(chu)發(fa)器(qi)R端(duan),可用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)機保(bao)(bao)護解鎖。
采用所(suo)述具體實施電路實現(xian)相應的堵轉保護(hu)及保護(hu)解(jie)鎖功能的工作過(guo)程如下:
a.系統上電(dian)(dian)后,與非門(men)U1B產生約(yue)20ms高電(dian)(dian)平(ping)脈(mo)沖,RS觸發器被(bei)復位,其(qi)輸(shu)出Q端即U3B的4腳輸(shu)出低電(dian)(dian)平(ping),PWM調速信號可正常輸(shu)出,電(dian)(dian)機(ji)可正常運行。
b.而當電(dian)(dian)機(ji)堵轉后(hou),其電(dian)(dian)流迅(xun)速升(sheng)高(gao)(gao),R6兩端(duan)電(dian)(dian)壓升(sheng)高(gao)(gao),經過U4的(de)50放大后(hou)電(dian)(dian)壓高(gao)(gao)于比較(jiao)閾值,U5A的(de)輸出信號CURRENT_DETECT由低變高(gao)(gao),RS觸(chu)發(fa)器輸出Q端(duan)即U3B的(de)4腳輸出高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)平,U3D的(de)13腳輸出低電(dian)(dian)平,三(san)極管Q1不導通(tong),PWM_OUT保(bao)持(chi)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)平,電(dian)(dian)機(ji)被禁止,輸出轉矩被撤銷,且由于RS觸(chu)發(fa)器的(de)記憶功能,可維持(chi)保(bao)護閉鎖狀態。
c.當換向信(xin)(xin)號(hao)CW/CCW保(bao)持不變(bian)時(shi),雖然堵轉電(dian)流變(bian)為0,U5A的(de)輸出信(xin)(xin)號(hao)CURRENT_DETECT為低(di),但由(you)于RS觸發器的(de)保(bao)持特性,其(qi)輸出Q端即U3B的(de)4腳保(bao)持高電(dian)平,無刷電(dian)機PWM信(xin)(xin)號(hao)保(bao)持閉鎖狀態;
而(er)當換向信(xin)(xin)號CW/CCW發生翻(fan)轉式時(上升沿或(huo)下降沿),由單穩(wen)態觸發器單元U2A或(huo)U2B產生約20ms高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong),U3A輸出(chu)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong),U1B輸出(chu)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong),將RS觸發器置0,輸出(chu)Q端即U3B的4腳輸出(chu)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping),PWM調速信(xin)(xin)號可正常輸出(chu),電(dian)(dian)(dian)機可正常運行,保(bao)護被(bei)解鎖。
盡管(guan)本(ben)(ben)實用新型(xing)的實施方案已公(gong)開(kai)如上(shang),但其并不僅僅限(xian)于說(shuo)明書(shu)和實施方式中所列運用。它完全可以被適(shi)用于各種(zhong)適(shi)合本(ben)(ben)實用新型(xing)的領域(yu)。對于熟(shu)悉本(ben)(ben)領域(yu)的人(ren)員(yuan)而(er)言可容易地實現另外的修改。因(yin)此在不背離權(quan)利要求及等同范圍所限(xian)定(ding)的一般概念下(xia),本(ben)(ben)實用新型(xing)并不限(xian)于特(te)定(ding)的細節和這里(li)示出與描述的圖(tu)例。