本發明涉及dc-ac功(gong)率(lv)轉換器(qi)(qi)(qi)。通常,這(zhe)種dc-ac功(gong)率(lv)轉換器(qi)(qi)(qi)具有主dc輸(shu)入端和(he)主ac輸(shu)出端,并且(qie)能(neng)夠(gou)將主dc輸(shu)入端處的dc電(dian)壓(ya)轉換并適配(adapt)成在主ac輸(shu)出端處的正(zheng)弦ac電(dian)壓(ya),并且(qie)能(neng)夠(gou)在主ac輸(shu)出端處輸(shu)送額定電(dian)流。它包括串聯的dc-dc轉換器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)跟在其后的雙向電(dian)壓(ya)型dc-ac轉換器(qi)(qi)(qi)。槽路電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(tankcapacitor)并聯連接到dc-dc轉換器(qi)(qi)(qi)的dc輸(shu)出端。
背景技術:
dc-ac功(gong)率轉(zhuan)換器是(shi)本領域技術人員(yuan)已知的,并且(qie)通常(chang)用在電(dian)(dian)信行(xing)業中。由于(yu)歷史原因(yin),這個行(xing)業中的負載通常(chang)需要ac輸入電(dian)(dian)壓,而能(neng)量常(chang)常(chang)是(shi)由提供dc電(dian)(dian)壓的電(dian)(dian)池輸送的,而作為能(neng)源(yuan)供應(ying)者的電(dian)(dian)池常(chang)常(chang)在低功(gong)率應(ying)用中被選擇。
圖(tu)1示出(chu)(chu)(chu)了本(ben)領(ling)(ling)域技術(shu)(shu)人(ren)員已(yi)知的(de)dc-ac功率(lv)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)1的(de)示例(li)。這種轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)能夠將其(qi)主輸入(ru)端(duan)(duan)10處(chu)的(de)dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)成其(qi)主ac輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)端(duan)(duan)20處(chu)的(de)ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。如圖(tu)1中(zhong)圖(tu)示的(de),本(ben)領(ling)(ling)域技術(shu)(shu)人(ren)員已(yi)知的(de)dc-ac功率(lv)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)通(tong)常(chang)包括(kuo)第一dc-dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)30,其(qi)通(tong)常(chang)具有兩個(ge)功能:首先,適配(pei)(例(li)如,增加)由連接在(zai)主dc輸入(ru)端(duan)(duan)10處(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池提(ti)(ti)供的(de)dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya);其(qi)次,流電(dian)(dian)(dian)隔離這個(ge)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池并因此(ci)保護其(qi)免(mian)受來自(zi)主ac輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)端(duan)(duan)20的(de)擾動或故障的(de)影響。為了實現這第二(er)個(ge)功能,必(bi)須隔離第一dc-dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)30(參見雙劃線(doublestrike))。槽路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)40通(tong)常(chang)連接在(zai)第一dc-dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)30和(he)dc-ac轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)50之間。這第二(er)個(ge)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)50在(zai)主ac輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)端(duan)(duan)20處(chu)提(ti)(ti)供所需的(de)正弦ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。
dc-ac功(gong)率轉(zhuan)換器(諸如圖1中所示(shi)的)存在(zai)不同(tong)的損耗。因此,這種(zhong)轉(zhuan)換器的效率不是最佳。
文獻(xian)jp11206133a公(gong)開了一種配備有電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)轉(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)型(xing)(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)轉(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)ac-ac功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)轉(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)轉(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)中(zhong),從(cong)將(jiang)ac輸(shu)出(chu)轉(zhuan)換成(cheng)dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)平滑并被(bei)供(gong)給逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)。通過(guo)由(you)半導體(ti)(ti)元件構(gou)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開關(guan)元件的(de)(de)(de)(de)開-關(guan)控(kong)制(zhi),dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)被(bei)逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)轉(zhuan)換成(cheng)120°電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)方波(bo)型(xing)(xing)ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。因此,逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路向負(fu)載供(gong)給主電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu),諸如到感(gan)應馬達(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三相ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)型(xing)(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)轉(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)經由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)轉(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)ac輸(shu)出(chu)端子連接(jie),通過(guo)由(you)半導體(ti)(ti)元件構(gou)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開關(guan)元件的(de)(de)(de)(de)開-關(guan)控(kong)制(zhi)將(jiang)從(cong)輸(shu)入側電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)獲得的(de)(de)(de)(de)dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)轉(zhuan)換成(cheng)ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya),并且控(kong)制(zhi)從(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)轉(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)供(gong)給負(fu)載的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu),以便獲得正(zheng)弦波(bo)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)轉(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)相位由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)型(xing)(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)轉(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相間電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)切換。所解決的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題是減少構(gou)成(cheng)逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)半導體(ti)(ti)元件中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)損耗以及在負(fu)載快速變(bian)(bian)(bian)化時的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)增加。
文(wen)獻ep2770624a1公開(kai)了一種用(yong)(yong)于從dc電(dian)(dian)壓輸入產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)到三(san)(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)輸出端(duan)的(de)三(san)(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)方(fang)法和裝置。該(gai)方(fang)法包括通過使(shi)用(yong)(yong)開(kai)關轉換器產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)正電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)、負電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)和中間(jian)(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。所(suo)(suo)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)正電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)在(zai)(zai)給定(ding)時間(jian)(jian)(jian)遵(zun)循正弦三(san)(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)信號的(de)最(zui)高相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)的(de)路徑,所(suo)(suo)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)負電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)在(zai)(zai)給定(ding)時間(jian)(jian)(jian)遵(zun)循三(san)(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)信號的(de)最(zui)低(di)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)的(de)路徑,并且所(suo)(suo)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)中間(jian)(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)在(zai)(zai)給定(ding)時間(jian)(jian)(jian)遵(zun)循最(zui)高相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)和最(zui)低(di)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)三(san)(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)信號的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)的(de)路徑。所(suo)(suo)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)依次切換到三(san)(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)輸出端(duan)的(de)每個(ge)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)導(dao)體,使(shi)得在(zai)(zai)輸出導(dao)體中形成三(san)(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。
技術實現要素:
本發明的目的
本發明意在(zai)提供一種(zhong)給出比現有技術更高效(xiao)率(lv)的dc-ac功(gong)率(lv)轉(zhuan)換(huan)器。
發明概述
根(gen)據本發明的(de)dc-ac功率(lv)轉換(huan)器具(ju)有(you)主(zhu)dc輸(shu)入(ru)端(duan)和主(zhu)單(dan)相ac輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)端(duan),能夠(gou)(gou)將所(suo)述(shu)主(zhu)dc輸(shu)入(ru)端(duan)處(chu)(chu)的(de)dc電(dian)壓轉換(huan)并適配成在(zai)所(suo)述(shu)主(zhu)ac輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)端(duan)處(chu)(chu)的(de)具(ju)有(you)基頻f0的(de)正弦ac電(dian)壓voutac,并且能夠(gou)(gou)在(zai)所(suo)述(shu)主(zhu)ac輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)端(duan)處(chu)(chu)輸(shu)送(song)額定功率(lv)。dc-ac功率(lv)轉換(huan)器包括:
-第一(yi)dc-dc轉換器(qi),具(ju)有作(zuo)為輸入(ru)端(duan)(duan)(duan)的所述主(zhu)dc輸入(ru)端(duan)(duan)(duan)并具(ju)有第一(yi)dc輸出(chu)端(duan)(duan)(duan);
-雙向電(dian)壓(ya)型dc-ac轉(zhuan)換(huan)器(qi),具有并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)連接到第(di)一dc輸(shu)(shu)出端(duan)的(de)第(di)一dc輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)-輸(shu)(shu)出端(duan)和(he)并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)連接到主ac輸(shu)(shu)出端(duan)的(de)第(di)一ac輸(shu)(shu)出-輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)端(duan);
-槽路電容器,并(bing)聯連接(jie)到所述(shu)第(di)一dc輸出端;
其中所述(shu)主dc輸入端(duan)具有第(di)一端(duan)子和第(di)二(er)端(duan)子。
在一(yi)些應用(yong)中,正弦ac輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)壓可以例如(ru)由(you)梯形ac輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)壓代替。具有這(zhe)種輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)的dc-ac功率轉換器(qi)也(ye)在本發(fa)明的范圍內。
dc-ac轉換器的特征在于它還包括:
-電(dian)流型(xing)dc-ac轉換器,具有第(di)一(yi)dc輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)(duan)和第(di)一(yi)ac輸(shu)出(chu)端(duan)(duan)(duan),所(suo)(suo)述第(di)一(yi)dc輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)(duan)并聯連接(jie)到(dao)所(suo)(suo)述主dc輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)(duan),并且所(suo)(suo)述第(di)一(yi)ac輸(shu)出(chu)端(duan)(duan)(duan)并聯連接(jie)到(dao)所(suo)(suo)述主ac輸(shu)出(chu)端(duan)(duan)(duan);及
-控制裝置,用于:
-控制(zhi)所述(shu)雙(shuang)向電(dian)(dian)壓型dc-ac轉換(huan)器,用于在所述(shu)第(di)一ac輸出-輸入端(duan)處輸送具有所述(shu)基頻f0的正弦(xian)ac電(dian)(dian)壓;
-控(kong)制所(suo)述電流(liu)型(xing)dc-ac轉換器,用于在所(suo)述第一ac輸(shu)出端處輸(shu)送具有所(suo)述基頻f0并與(yu)所(suo)述正(zheng)弦ac電壓同(tong)相(xiang)的準(zhun)方型(xing)ac電流(liu);
-強制所述(shu)額定功率的至少50%由(you)所述(shu)電流型(xing)dc-ac轉換器提供。
表(biao)述(shu)“電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型(xing)”dc-ac轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)器(qi)意味(wei)(wei)著(zhu)這(zhe)個轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)器(qi)表(biao)現為(wei)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)源(yuan)(yuan)。表(biao)述(shu)“電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)型(xing)”dc-ac轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)器(qi)意味(wei)(wei)著(zhu)這(zhe)個轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)器(qi)表(biao)現為(wei)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)源(yuan)(yuan)。表(biao)述(shu)“電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)源(yuan)(yuan)”和“電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)源(yuan)(yuan)”是本領域技術人員眾所周知的。
控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)裝(zhuang)置能夠控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)dc-ac轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi),用(yong)于(yu)在(zai)其輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)端(duan)(即,第一(yi)ac輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)端(duan))處(chu)(chu)輸(shu)送準方型(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。因此,在(zai)所述第一(yi)ac輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)端(duan)處(chu)(chu)輸(shu)送的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)相對(dui)(dui)于(yu)在(zai)圖(tu)2的(de)(de)dc-ac轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)“50”的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)端(duan)處(chu)(chu)輸(shu)送的(de)(de)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)變化較(jiao)小(xiao)。控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)裝(zhuang)置能夠強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)dc-ac功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)主(zhu)ac輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)端(duan)處(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)額定功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu))的(de)(de)至(zhi)少50%(優選地50-70%)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)dc-ac轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)提供。額定功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu))優選地被定義為(wei)當無源負載連接到(dao)主(zhu)ac輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)端(duan)時的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu))的(de)(de)rms值。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)“50”對(dui)(dui)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)正弦(xian)波的(de)(de)低側(ce)操作(zuo),而轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)“70”對(dui)(dui)其高(gao)側(ce)操作(zuo)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)“50”和“70”被獨立(li)驅動。由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)dc-ac轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)70比串(chuan)聯的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)“30”和“50”在(zai)能量轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)方面更直(zhi)接,因此當轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)70遠離零電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(即,處(chu)(chu)于(yu)高(gao)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya))時,轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)“70”的(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)增加。
連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)到雙(shuang)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型(xing)(xing)(xing)dc-ac轉(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)dc-ac輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)-輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)端(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)槽路電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)能夠(gou)經由(you)具(ju)有(you)作為輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)dc輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)dc-dc轉(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)(qi)來提(ti)供(gong)互補的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功率(lv),以(yi)便在(zai)主(zhu)ac輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)端(duan)(duan)處(chu)(chu)獲得正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)弦(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),并(bing)且,如(ru)果無源負(fu)載(zai)被(bei)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)到主(zhu)ac輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)端(duan)(duan),則(ze)還(huan)獲得正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)弦(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。由(you)雙(shuang)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型(xing)(xing)(xing)dc-ac轉(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)送的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)以(yi)及因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)還(huan)有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功率(lv)變(bian)(bian)化更大(da)。控制裝置能夠(gou)控制雙(shuang)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型(xing)(xing)(xing)dc-ac轉(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)(qi),用于在(zai)其第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)ac輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)-輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)處(chu)(chu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)送正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)弦(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。這第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)ac輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)-輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)與(yu)主(zhu)ac輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)端(duan)(duan)并(bing)聯地電(dian)(dian)(dian)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci),如(ru)果無源負(fu)載(zai)被(bei)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)到主(zhu)ac輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)端(duan)(duan),則(ze)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)弦(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過它。在(zai)雙(shuang)向(xiang)(xiang)dc-ac轉(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)ac輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)-輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)處(chu)(chu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)可以(yi)根據第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)kirchoff定律找到:這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)是通(tong)過取在(zai)主(zhu)ac輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)端(duan)(duan)處(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)弦(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)與(yu)在(zai)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)ac輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)端(duan)(duan)處(chu)(chu)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)dc-ac轉(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)(qi)提(ti)供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)方電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差異來獲得的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci),在(zai)雙(shuang)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型(xing)(xing)(xing)dc-ac轉(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)ac輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)-輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)處(chu)(chu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)經歷(li)相(xiang)對(dui)較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci),雙(shuang)向(xiang)(xiang)dc-ac轉(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)小于第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)隔離dc-ac轉(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)。但是,由(you)于控制裝置能夠(gou)強(qiang)制額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)至(zhi)少50-70%由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)dc-ac轉(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)(qi)提(ti)供(gong),因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)dc-ac轉(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)(qi)執行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)增(zeng)益不(bu)會被(bei)雙(shuang)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型(xing)(xing)(xing)dc-ac轉(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)引起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)損失(shi)抵消。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci),dc-ac功率(lv)轉(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總效(xiao)率(lv)增(zeng)加(jia)。
優選地(di),在(zai)根據本發明(ming)的dc-ac功(gong)率轉換(huan)器(qi)(qi)中,在(zai)所述主ac輸出端處的所述正弦ac電壓(ya)具有變化的瞬時(shi)(shi)值voutac(t)和峰值voutac(max);所述控制(zhi)裝(zhuang)置還(huan)能(neng)夠控制(zhi)所述第一(yi)dc-dc轉換(huan)器(qi)(qi)和所述電流型dc-ac轉換(huan)器(qi)(qi),用于當|voutac(t)|<0.40*voutac(max)時(shi)(shi)通過第一(yi)dc-dc轉換(huan)器(qi)(qi)從主dc輸入端向槽路電容器(qi)(qi)充電。要注(zhu)意的是(shi),|voutac(t)|是(shi)voutac(t)的絕對值。
期(qi)望在(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)dc輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入端(duan)處具(ju)有幾乎恒(heng)定(ding)的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)率。但是(shi),在(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)ac輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)端(duan)處,所輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)率不是(shi)恒(heng)定(ding)的(de)(de)。特別地,當(dang)(dang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)ac輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)端(duan)處的(de)(de)正弦(xian)ac電(dian)(dian)壓voutac等于或(huo)接近零時,輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)率也(ye)等于或(huo)接近零。在(zai)這個(ge)優選實施例中,控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)裝(zhuang)置還能夠控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)第一(yi)dc-dc轉(zhuan)換(huan)器,用于維持(chi)在(zai)所述主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)dc輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入端(duan)處的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)率幾乎恒(heng)定(ding)。更精確(que)地說,控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)裝(zhuang)置強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):當(dang)(dang)在(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)ac輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)端(duan)處輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)率接近零時,通過(guo)第一(yi)dc-dc轉(zhuan)換(huan)器從主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)dc輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入端(duan)對槽路(lu)電(dian)(dian)容器進行(xing)充電(dian)(dian)。
在用于根據本發(fa)明的(de)dc-ac功率轉(zhuan)換器的(de)優(you)選實施(shi)例中(zhong):
-所(suo)述第一(yi)dc-dc轉(zhuan)換(huan)器(qi)是隔離的(de)轉(zhuan)換(huan)器(qi)并且包括:
-初(chu)級電路,具有(you)(you)作為(wei)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入端(duan)的所(suo)(suo)述(shu)(shu)主dc輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入端(duan),具有(you)(you)初(chu)級輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出端(duan),所(suo)(suo)述(shu)(shu)初(chu)級輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出端(duan)具有(you)(you)第一初(chu)級端(duan)子(zi)和直接(jie)連接(jie)到(dao)所(suo)(suo)述(shu)(shu)第二(er)端(duan)子(zi)的第二(er)初(chu)級端(duan)子(zi),包括:
·在第一(yi)端子(zi)和第一(yi)初級(ji)端子(zi)之間串聯連接的(de)輸入電(dian)感(gan)和初級(ji)電(dian)容器;
·輸入(ru)開關裝置,用于(yu)將所述(shu)輸入(ru)電感和所述(shu)初(chu)級電容器之(zhi)間的接(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)點與第(di)二端子和第(di)二初(chu)級端子之(zhi)間的接(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)點交替(ti)地(di)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)和斷開連接(jie)(jie)(jie);
-第一(yi)次級電路,具有(you)第一(yi)次級輸入端和作(zuo)為(wei)輸出端的所述第一(yi)dc輸出端;
-所述(shu)電流型(xing)dc-ac轉換器是(shi)隔離的轉換器并且包括:
-相同的初級電路;
-第(di)(di)二(er)次(ci)級電(dian)路,用于在所述(shu)(shu)第(di)(di)一(yi)ac輸(shu)出(chu)端處提(ti)供(gong)所述(shu)(shu)準(zhun)方型(xing)ac電(dian)流的正半周(zhou),具有第(di)(di)二(er)次(ci)級輸(shu)入(ru)端和(he)第(di)(di)二(er)次(ci)級輸(shu)出(chu)端,所述(shu)(shu)第(di)(di)二(er)次(ci)級輸(shu)出(chu)端并聯連接到所述(shu)(shu)第(di)(di)一(yi)ac輸(shu)出(chu)端;
-第(di)三(san)次(ci)級(ji)電(dian)路,用于在所述第(di)一ac輸(shu)出(chu)端(duan)(duan)處提供所述準(zhun)方型ac電(dian)流的負半周,具有第(di)三(san)次(ci)級(ji)輸(shu)入端(duan)(duan)和(he)第(di)三(san)次(ci)級(ji)輸(shu)出(chu)端(duan)(duan),所述第(di)三(san)次(ci)級(ji)輸(shu)出(chu)端(duan)(duan)并聯連接(jie)到所述第(di)一ac輸(shu)出(chu)端(duan)(duan)(85);及
-所(suo)述dc-ac功率轉換(huan)器(qi)還包括隔離的變壓(ya)器(qi),用于將所(suo)述初級輸(shu)(shu)出端(duan)分(fen)別(bie)磁力(li)作(zuo)用地(di)連接到所(suo)述第(di)(di)(di)一、第(di)(di)(di)二和第(di)(di)(di)三(san)次級輸(shu)(shu)入端(duan)。
在這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)優(you)選實(shi)施(shi)例中,第一(yi)dc-dc轉換(huan)器(qi)和(he)電(dian)流型(xing)dc-ac轉換(huan)器(qi)是(shi)隔離的(de)(de)。因(yin)此(ci),在主(zhu)dc輸入端(duan)(duan)與主(zhu)ac輸出端(duan)(duan)之(zhi)間(jian)存在流電(dian)隔離,從(cong)而允許隔離并因(yin)此(ci)保護連接到主(zhu)dc輸入端(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)電(dian)池免(mian)受主(zhu)ac輸出端(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)可能干擾。而且,這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)優(you)選實(shi)施(shi)例的(de)(de)特征(zheng)還在于,第一(yi)dc-dc轉換(huan)器(qi)和(he)電(dian)流型(xing)dc-ac轉換(huan)器(qi)具有(you)相同的(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)電(dian)路,并且所述初(chu)級(ji)電(dian)路僅具有(you)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)開關裝(zhuang)置。這(zhe)種實(shi)現允許獲得使用很少組件并且因(yin)此(ci)更便宜的(de)(de)緊湊型(xing)dc-ac功率(lv)轉換(huan)器(qi)。
在根據另一個(ge)優選實(shi)施(shi)例的dc-ac功(gong)率轉換器中,其中所述(shu)第(di)(di)一ac輸(shu)出端(duan)具有第(di)(di)三(san)端(duan)子和第(di)(di)四端(duan)子,并且(qie)所述(shu)第(di)(di)二(er)次級(ji)輸(shu)入端(duan)具有第(di)(di)五端(duan)子和直接(jie)連接(jie)到所述(shu)第(di)(di)四端(duan)子的第(di)(di)六端(duan)子,
-所述(shu)第(di)三次(ci)級輸入(ru)端具有相同的第(di)六(liu)端子和第(di)八端子;
-所(suo)述第二次(ci)級電路包括(kuo):
-第一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)級(ji)電容器(qi)和第一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)級(ji)電感,其(qi)中(zhong)所(suo)述(shu)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)級(ji)電容器(qi)串(chuan)聯(lian)連(lian)接(jie)在(zai)所(suo)述(shu)第五端(duan)子和所(suo)述(shu)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)級(ji)電感之間,所(suo)述(shu)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)級(ji)電感與(yu)所(suo)述(shu)第三端(duan)子連(lian)接(jie);
-第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)級開關裝置,用(yong)于將所(suo)(suo)述(shu)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)級電容(rong)器(qi)和所(suo)(suo)述(shu)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)級電感之間(jian)的(de)接(jie)合點與所(suo)(suo)述(shu)第(di)(di)四(si)端子和所(suo)(suo)述(shu)第(di)(di)六端子之間(jian)的(de)接(jie)合點交替地斷開連接(jie)和通過(guo)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)級二極管相連接(jie);
-所述第三次級(ji)電路包括:
-第(di)(di)二(er)次(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)容器和第(di)(di)二(er)次(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)感(gan),其(qi)中所(suo)述(shu)第(di)(di)二(er)次(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)容器串聯連接(jie)(jie)在所(suo)述(shu)第(di)(di)八端(duan)子和所(suo)述(shu)第(di)(di)二(er)次(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)感(gan)之間,所(suo)述(shu)第(di)(di)二(er)次(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)感(gan)與所(suo)述(shu)第(di)(di)三(san)端(duan)子連接(jie)(jie);
-第(di)二(er)次(ci)級(ji)開關裝(zhuang)置(zhi),用于(yu)將所(suo)述第(di)二(er)次(ci)級(ji)電(dian)容器和所(suo)述第(di)二(er)次(ci)級(ji)電(dian)感之(zhi)間的接合點(dian)與所(suo)述第(di)四端(duan)子和所(suo)述第(di)六端(duan)子之(zhi)間的接合點(dian)交替(ti)地(di)斷開連接和通過第(di)二(er)次(ci)級(ji)二(er)極管相連接。
換句(ju)話說,這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)優(you)選實(shi)施(shi)例(li)(li)(li)對(dui)應于(yu)其(qi)中電流型dc-ac轉換器(qi)包括具有相同初級電路的(de)(de)兩個(ge)(ge)隔離的(de)(de)cuk轉換器(qi)的(de)(de)配(pei)置(zhi)。cuk轉換器(qi)是本領(ling)域(yu)技(ji)術(shu)人員已知的(de)(de)。這(zhe)種(zhong)轉換器(qi)允(yun)許減(jian)少電流紋(wen)波,如本領(ling)域(yu)技(ji)術(shu)人員已知的(de)(de)(參見例(li)(li)(li)如kluwer學術(shu)出版社由(you)robertw.erickson和(he)(he)draganmaksimovic所(suo)著的(de)(de)“fundamentalsofpowerelectronics”一書)。這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)實(shi)施(shi)例(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)優(you)點在于(yu)使用(yong)分別與第(di)(di)二(er)(er)次級輸入(ru)端(duan)和(he)(he)第(di)(di)三(san)次級輸入(ru)端(duan)并聯(lian)(lian)連接的(de)(de)兩個(ge)(ge)二(er)(er)極管(guan)(第(di)(di)一和(he)(he)第(di)(di)二(er)(er)次級二(er)(er)極管(guan))和(he)(he)開(kai)關裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(第(di)(di)一和(he)(he)第(di)(di)二(er)(er)次級開(kai)關裝(zhuang)置(zhi))。因(yin)此,相對(dui)于(yu)例(li)(li)(li)如其(qi)中二(er)(er)極管(guan)(和(he)(he)/或開(kai)關裝(zhuang)置(zhi))串聯(lian)(lian)連接在第(di)(di)五(或第(di)(di)八)端(duan)子(zi)和(he)(he)第(di)(di)三(san)端(duan)子(zi)之間的(de)(de)實(shi)現(xian),由(you)這(zhe)些二(er)(er)極管(guan)和(he)(he)這(zhe)些開(kai)關裝(zhuang)置(zhi)引起(qi)的(de)(de)損耗減(jian)小。
當在第(di)(di)一(yi)ac輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)端處期望準方型電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)第(di)(di)一(yi)(例如,正(zheng))極性時,控制裝置控制第(di)(di)一(yi)和(he)第(di)(di)二(er)次(ci)級(ji)(ji)開關裝置,使得第(di)(di)二(er)次(ci)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路提(ti)供(gong)例如所(suo)述(shu)第(di)(di)一(yi)極性。在這個時間(jian)間(jian)隔期間(jian),第(di)(di)三次(ci)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路僅對第(di)(di)一(yi)ac輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)端的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流起微弱的(de)(de)作用。不過,其(qi)小作用允(yun)許進一(yi)步減小在所(suo)述(shu)第(di)(di)一(yi)ac輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)端處的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流紋(wen)波。
在dc-ac功率轉換器的(de)另一個優(you)選實(shi)施例中:
-所述第一(yi)ac輸出端具有第三(san)端子(zi)(zi)和第四端子(zi)(zi),
-所述(shu)第(di)二次級輸入端(duan)具有第(di)五端(duan)子(zi)和第(di)六端(duan)子(zi);
-所述第三次(ci)級輸入(ru)端具(ju)有相同的第六(liu)端子和第八端子;
-所述第二次級電路包括:
-次級(ji)電容器,串聯連接在(zai)所述第六端(duan)子和第四端(duan)子之間,
-第一次(ci)級電(dian)感,串聯連接在所述(shu)第五端(duan)子(zi)和(he)所述(shu)第三端(duan)子(zi)之間;
-第(di)(di)一次(ci)級開(kai)關(guan)裝置,用于將所(suo)述(shu)第(di)(di)五(wu)端子(zi)與所(suo)述(shu)次(ci)級電(dian)容(rong)器和所(suo)述(shu)第(di)(di)四端子(zi)之(zhi)間的(de)接合點交替地斷開(kai)連接和通(tong)過第(di)(di)一次(ci)級二(er)極管相連接;
-所述(shu)第三(san)次級電路包括:
-相同的次級電容器(qi),串聯連接(jie)在(zai)所述第六端子(zi)和第四端子(zi)之間;
-第二次級阻抗(kang),串聯(lian)連接(jie)在所述第八端(duan)子和所述第三端(duan)子之間;
-第(di)(di)二次級開(kai)關裝(zhuang)置,用于(yu)將所(suo)述(shu)第(di)(di)八(ba)端子與所(suo)述(shu)次級電容(rong)器和所(suo)述(shu)第(di)(di)四端子之間(jian)的接(jie)合(he)點(dian)交替地斷開(kai)連接(jie)和通過第(di)(di)二次級二極管相連接(jie)。
在(zai)這個優(you)選(xuan)實(shi)施(shi)例中,電(dian)(dian)流型(xing)dc-ac轉換(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)還包括具有相同(tong)初級(ji)電(dian)(dian)路的兩(liang)個隔(ge)離(li)的cuk轉換(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)。但是,第(di)二和第(di)三次級(ji)電(dian)(dian)路在(zai)這里(li)共享(xiang)同(tong)一個次級(ji)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi),從而(er)減(jian)少(shao)dc-ac功率轉換(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)的元(yuan)件數量,并(bing)因(yin)此分(fen)別降低其成本和重量。初級(ji)和次級(ji)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)允許電(dian)(dian)容(rong)性能量從主dc輸入端(duan)轉移到第(di)二或(huo)第(di)三次級(ji)輸出端(duan)。
根據根據本(ben)發明的dc-ac功率轉換器的另(ling)一(yi)個優選(xuan)實施例,其中(zhong):
-所述第一次級輸入端(duan)具有(you)第九端(duan)子和第十端(duan)子,
-所(suo)述第一dc輸出端具有第十一端子和(he)第十二端子;
所述隔離(li)的(de)變壓(ya)器具有(you):
-初級繞組;
-第(di)一、第(di)二和(he)(he)第(di)三次級(ji)繞(rao)組,相對于所述初級(ji)繞(rao)組分別具(ju)有1:t、1:n和(he)(he)1:n的匝數比(bi);
-所述初(chu)級(ji)繞組連接到所述初(chu)級(ji)輸出端;
-所述第一次級繞組連接到所述第一次級輸入(ru)端;
-所述第(di)二次級繞(rao)組連(lian)接(jie)到所述第(di)二次級輸入(ru)端;
-所述第(di)三(san)次級繞組(zu)連接到(dao)所述第(di)三(san)次級輸入(ru)端;
-所述第(di)(di)一次級電(dian)路(lu)包括串聯連(lian)接在所述第(di)(di)九(jiu)端子和第(di)(di)十一端子之間的(de)二極管(guan),
-所(suo)述第(di)十端子(zi)連接到所(suo)述第(di)十二端子(zi);及
-
其(qi)中vdc是跨過所(suo)述槽路電(dian)容器的恒定電(dian)壓值。
優選地,在更優選的實施例中,
在這個優選實施例中,并聯連接到所述dc輸出的槽路電容器(電容器“40”)的充電由隔離的sepic電路執行。sepic拓撲是本領域技術人員已知的。這種構造具有在第一次級電路中不需要電感的優點。二極管的存在不會引起大的電壓降,從而允許提供跨電容器的大的電壓。通過選擇
附圖說明
本發明的這些和另(ling)外的方面(mian)將(jiang)通過示例并參考(kao)附(fu)圖更詳細地解釋(shi)。
圖(tu)1圖(tu)示了根據現(xian)有技術的dc-ac功率(lv)轉換器(qi)的典型配置(zhi)。
圖(tu)2示(shi)意性(xing)地示(shi)出了根據第一實施例的(de)本發明(ming)的(de)dc-ac功率轉(zhuan)換器。
圖(tu)3示意性(xing)地示出了根據優(you)選實(shi)施例(li)的(de)本發明的(de)dc-ac功率轉換(huan)器。
圖(tu)4示意(yi)性地示出了根(gen)據另一(yi)個優選實施例的(de)本發明(ming)的(de)dc-ac功率轉換器。
圖5示意性地示出了(le)根據又一個優(you)選實(shi)施例的本發明的dc-ac功率轉換器。
圖(tu)6示(shi)意(yi)性地示(shi)出了根據又一優選實施例的本發(fa)明(ming)的dc-ac功率轉換器。
圖7示出了三個重(zhong)要電流的時間變(bian)化。
圖8示出了(le)在主ac輸出端處的(de)具有(you)基頻f0的(de)基本(ben)上正弦ac電壓voutac的(de)時(shi)間變(bian)化(hua)。
附圖未按比例(li)繪制。一般而言并(bing)且在可能的時候,完(wan)全(quan)相同的部件(jian)在圖中用相同的標號表示。
具體實施方式
圖(tu)2示意性地示出了根據第一實施例的(de)本(ben)發明(ming)的(de)dc-ac功(gong)率轉(zhuan)換器(qi)1。dc-ac功(gong)率轉(zhuan)換器(qi)1具有(you)(you)主(zhu)dc輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)端(duan)(duan)(duan)10和主(zhu)ac輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出端(duan)(duan)(duan)20。它能(neng)夠將在所(suo)述(shu)主(zhu)dc輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)端(duan)(duan)(duan)10處的(de)dc電壓轉(zhuan)換和適(shi)配(例如,放大(da))成在所(suo)述(shu)主(zhu)ac輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出端(duan)(duan)(duan)20處的(de)具有(you)(you)基頻f0的(de)基本(ben)上(shang)正(zheng)弦ac電壓voutac,并(bing)且能(neng)夠在所(suo)述(shu)主(zhu)ac輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出端(duan)(duan)(duan)20處輸(shu)(shu)(shu)送額(e)定(ding)電流(liu)(liu)。額(e)定(ding)電流(liu)(liu)被定(ding)義為當負載連接到主(zhu)ac輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出端(duan)(duan)(duan)20時流(liu)(liu)過該負載的(de)電流(liu)(liu)的(de)rms值(zhi)。術(shu)語(yu)“rms值(zhi)”是本(ben)領(ling)域技術(shu)人員已知(zhi)的(de)。為了說(shuo)明(ming)的(de)目的(de),在圖(tu)2中電阻器(qi)連接在主(zhu)ac輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出端(duan)(duan)(duan)20處。主(zhu)dc輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(10)具有(you)(you)第一端(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)11和第二端(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)12。
本發明的(de)(de)(de)(de)dc-dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)1包括具(ju)有作為輸入(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)所述(shu)主(zhu)(zhu)dc輸入(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)10并(bing)具(ju)有第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)dc輸出(chu)(chu)端(duan)(duan)35的(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)dc-dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)30。這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)dc-dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)30優選地(di)被(bei)隔離,以(yi)保護在所述(shu)主(zhu)(zhu)dc輸入(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)10處連接(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池。優選地(di),這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)dc-dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)30允許放大所述(shu)主(zhu)(zhu)dc輸入(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)10處的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。槽路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)40并(bing)聯地(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)連接(jie)(jie)到(dao)(dao)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)dc輸出(chu)(chu)端(duan)(duan)35和雙向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型(xing)dc-ac轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)50的(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)dc輸入(ru)(ru)-輸出(chu)(chu)端(duan)(duan)60并(bing)在這(zhe)(zhe)兩(liang)者(zhe)之間(jian)。所述(shu)雙向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型(xing)dc-ac轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)50具(ju)有第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)ac輸出(chu)(chu)-輸入(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)65,其并(bing)聯地(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)連接(jie)(jie)到(dao)(dao)主(zhu)(zhu)ac輸出(chu)(chu)端(duan)(duan)20。由(you)(you)于第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)dc-dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)30與雙向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型(xing)dc-ac轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)50之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)能(neng)相移(yi),槽路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)40尤其允許電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)存儲。由(you)(you)于這(zhe)(zhe)后一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)50是雙向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de),因此電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)可(ke)以(yi)從(cong)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)dc輸入(ru)(ru)-輸出(chu)(chu)端(duan)(duan)60流到(dao)(dao)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)ac輸出(chu)(chu)-輸入(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)65以(yi)及反向(xiang)(xiang)流動。
如(ru)圖2中所示(shi),本發明的dc-ac功率轉換器(qi)1還包(bao)括具(ju)有第(di)(di)(di)一dc輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)端(duan)80和第(di)(di)(di)一ac輸(shu)(shu)出端(duan)85的電流型dc-ac轉換器(qi)70。第(di)(di)(di)一dc輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)端(duan)80并(bing)聯地(di)電連(lian)(lian)接(jie)到(dao)主(zhu)dc輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)端(duan)10,并(bing)且第(di)(di)(di)一ac輸(shu)(shu)出端(duan)85并(bing)聯地(di)電連(lian)(lian)接(jie)到(dao)主(zhu)ac輸(shu)(shu)出端(duan)20。第(di)(di)(di)一ac輸(shu)(shu)出端(duan)85具(ju)有第(di)(di)(di)三端(duan)子(zi)86和第(di)(di)(di)四端(duan)子(zi)87。
最后,本(ben)發明的dc-ac功率轉換器(qi)1包括(kuo)控制裝置110,用于:
-控制(zhi)所(suo)述雙(shuang)向電(dian)壓型(xing)dc-ac轉換器50,用(yong)于在所(suo)述第一ac輸出-輸入端(duan)65處輸送具有(you)所(suo)述頻率f0的基本上正弦ac電(dian)壓;
-控(kong)制所(suo)(suo)(suo)述電流型dc-ac轉換器70,用于在所(suo)(suo)(suo)述第一(yi)ac輸(shu)出端85處輸(shu)送具(ju)有所(suo)(suo)(suo)述頻率(lv)f0的并且與所(suo)(suo)(suo)述基(ji)本(ben)上正弦(xian)ac電壓基(ji)本(ben)上同相的基(ji)本(ben)上準方型電流,以便(bian)提取基(ji)本(ben)上瞬(shun)時恒(heng)定(ding)功率(lv);
-強制由(you)整(zheng)個dc-ac功率轉換器1提(ti)供的額定功率(電流(liu))的至(zhi)少50-70%由(you)所述電流(liu)型(xing)dc-ac轉換器70提(ti)供。
可以使用不(bu)同類型的(de)(de)(de)(de)雙向電壓(ya)型dc-ac轉(zhuan)換器50來生成在(zai)第一ac輸出-輸入(ru)(ru)端65處的(de)(de)(de)(de)具有所述頻率f0的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)弦(xian)ac電壓(ya)。通常,這種轉(zhuan)換器包括可以由pwm信號控制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開關(guan),以便(bian)在(zai)這種轉(zhuan)換器的(de)(de)(de)(de)ac輸出端(即,在(zai)圖2的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下是第一ac輸出-輸入(ru)(ru)端65)輸送基本上正(zheng)弦(xian)ac電壓(ya)。這種技(ji)術(shu)是本領域技(ji)術(shu)人員眾所周知(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。控制(zhi)裝置110可以是例(li)如微控制(zhi)器。
電(dian)(dian)流(liu)型(xing)dc-ac轉換器(qi)70被控制(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)便在第一(yi)(yi)ac輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)端(duan)85處(chu)輸(shu)(shu)送具有所述頻率f0并且(qie)與轉換器(qi)50的第一(yi)(yi)ac輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)-輸(shu)(shu)入端(duan)65處(chu)的基本(ben)(ben)上正弦ac電(dian)(dian)壓基本(ben)(ben)上同(tong)相(xiang)的基本(ben)(ben)上準方型(xing)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。下面在優(you)選(xuan)實施例中給出(chu)這種電(dian)(dian)流(liu)型(xing)dc-ac轉換器(qi)70的一(yi)(yi)些示例。通常,這種電(dian)(dian)流(liu)型(xing)dc-ac轉換器(qi)70包括(kuo)可以(yi)由pwm信(xin)號控制(zhi)(zhi)的開關(guan)裝置(zhi),以(yi)便在第一(yi)(yi)ac輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)端(duan)85處(chu)輸(shu)(shu)送基本(ben)(ben)上準方型(xing)信(xin)號(電(dian)(dian)壓或電(dian)(dian)流(liu))。這樣(yang)的技術(shu)是本(ben)(ben)領域技術(shu)人員公知(zhi)的。
轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(即,例如30、50、70)包括(kuo)不同的(de)(de)電(dian)子部件。控制(zhi)裝置110強(qiang)制(zhi)電(dian)流型(xing)dc-ac轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)70在(zai)第一ac輸(shu)出(chu)端85處(chu)輸(shu)送(song)基本(ben)上準方型(xing)電(dian)流。轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)50對(dui)整個電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)正(zheng)弦波(bo)范(fan)圍工作,而(er)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)70僅對(dui)其高側操(cao)作。轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)50和70被(bei)獨(du)立驅動。由于電(dian)流型(xing)dc-ac轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)70在(zai)能量轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)方面(mian)比串聯(lian)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)30和50更直接,因此當轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)70遠離零電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(即,處(chu)于高輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya))時,轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)70的(de)(de)效(xiao)率增加(jia)。
控制(zhi)裝置110能夠控制(zhi)雙(shuang)(shuang)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型(xing)(xing)dc-ac轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器50,用于(yu)在其(qi)第一ac輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)-輸(shu)入端(duan)65處(chu)輸(shu)送基本上(shang)正弦(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。這第一ac輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)-輸(shu)入端(duan)65并(bing)聯地電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)連(lian)接(jie)到(dao)主ac輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)端(duan)20。因此,如果無源負載(例如,圖2中(zhong)所示的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器)連(lian)接(jie)到(dao)主ac輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)端(duan)20,則基本上(shang)正弦(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過它。在雙(shuang)(shuang)向dc-ac轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器65的(de)(de)第一ac輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)-輸(shu)入端(duan)處(chu)流(liu)動(dong)并(bing)且我(wo)們(men)稱之為i3的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)可(ke)以從第一kirchhoff定律找到(dao):這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)i3是(shi)通過取流(liu)過負載(圖2中(zhong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)i2和在第一ac輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)端(duan)85處(chu)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)型(xing)(xing)dc-ac轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器70提供(gong)的(de)(de)基本上(shang)準方型(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(i1)之間的(de)(de)差(cha)來獲得的(de)(de),即,i2=i1+i3。
因此,第(di)一ac輸出(chu)-輸入端(duan)(duan)65處(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)變(bian)化更(geng)大。為了增(zeng)加dc-ac功(gong)率(lv)(lv)轉換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)1的(de)全(quan)局效率(lv)(lv),本發明人發現控制(zhi)裝置(zhi)110應當強制(zhi):主ac輸出(chu)端(duan)(duan)20處(chu)的(de)額定(ding)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)的(de)至(zhi)少50%,優選地65%,更(geng)優選地70%由(you)電(dian)(dian)流型(xing)dc-ac轉換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)提供。在(zai)主ac輸出(chu)端(duan)(duan)處(chu)由(you)電(dian)(dian)流型(xing)dc-ac轉換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)提供的(de)額定(ding)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)的(de)至(zhi)少70%的(de)這(zhe)種(zhong)最佳條件已經當功(gong)率(lv)(lv)路徑(jing)在(zai)兩個轉換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)之間共享時根據(ju)應用于(yu)電(dian)(dian)路部(bu)件的(de)損耗模型(xing)(例(li)如(ru)宏模型(xing))(例(li)如(ru),焦耳損耗、開關損耗...)獲(huo)得。
圖7示出了在時間段
在(zai)(zai)(zai)t3和t4之間,i3增(zeng)加并改變(bian)其符號(變(bian)為正(zheng)),并且在(zai)(zai)(zai)這個(ge)交叉點(過零點)(crossover),槽路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器40被(bei)停止加載(zai),并且電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功率從槽路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器40轉(zhuan)移(yi)到(dao)(dao)連接在(zai)(zai)(zai)主ac輸出(chu)端20處的負載(zai)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)時刻t4,轉(zhuan)換器70被(bei)關斷,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流i1急劇(ju)下降到(dao)(dao)零,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流i3根據急劇(ju)轉(zhuan)變(bian)變(bian)為正(zheng)。再次在(zai)(zai)(zai)t4處的轉(zhuan)變(bian)附近(jin),i1大于i2,并且由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流型dc-ac轉(zhuan)換器70輸送(song)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功率的過剩(sheng)部分通過雙向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓型dc-ac轉(zhuan)換器50被(bei)發送(song)到(dao)(dao)槽路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器40。
在t4和t0/2之(zhi)間(jian),電流i3為正,并且(qie)之(zhi)后是i2。t3優選地(di)等(deng)(deng)于(yu)t0/10,更優選地(di)等(deng)(deng)于(yu)t0/20再更優選地(di)等(deng)(deng)于(yu)t0/30或更小。
本發(fa)明的(de)(de)dc-ac功率轉換器(qi)1能夠(gou)在其(qi)主ac輸出端20處輸送具有基頻f0的(de)(de)基本上(shang)正(zheng)弦ac電壓voutac。圖8示(shi)出了具有峰(feng)值(zhi)voutac(max)的(de)(de)這種(zhong)基本上(shang)正(zheng)弦ac電壓voutac(以任意單(dan)位)的(de)(de)隨(sui)時(shi)間(jian)變化的(de)(de)示(shi)例。按(an)照(zhao)慣例,峰(feng)值(zhi)被選擇為始終為正(zheng)。
優(you)選(xuan)地,控制(zhi)裝置110還能夠控制(zhi)第一dc-dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)30和電(dian)流型dc-ac轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)70,用(yong)于(yu)當(dang)voutac的瞬時值具(ju)有低于(yu)峰(feng)值voutac(max)的50%(更優(you)選(xuan)地低于(yu)40%)的絕(jue)對值時,從主dc輸入(ru)端10通過第一dc-dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)30給槽(cao)路電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)40充電(dian)。然(ran)后,當(dang)voutac具(ju)有低于(yu)50%(更優(you)選(xuan)地低于(yu)40%)的絕(jue)對值時,電(dian)功(gong)率從主dc輸入(ru)端10通過電(dian)流型dc-ac轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)70的流動(dong)通常停止。
圖3示(shi)出了(le)本發明的(de)(de)(de)(de)dc-ac功(gong)率(lv)轉(zhuan)換器(qi)1的(de)(de)(de)(de)優選(xuan)實施(shi)例(li)。在這個(ge)優選(xuan)實施(shi)例(li)中(zhong),第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)dc-dc轉(zhuan)換器(qi)30被(bei)隔離;它包(bao)括(kuo)初(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)200和(he)(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)220。初(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)200具(ju)有(you)(you)作為(wei)輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主dc輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)10并(bing)且具(ju)有(you)(you)初(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)級(ji)(ji)輸(shu)出端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)210。這個(ge)初(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)級(ji)(ji)輸(shu)出端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)210具(ju)有(you)(you)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)初(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)級(ji)(ji)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)211和(he)(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)初(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)級(ji)(ji)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)212。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)初(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)級(ji)(ji)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)212直接電(dian)(dian)連(lian)接到(dao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)12。初(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)200包(bao)括(kuo)與主dc輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)10的(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)11串聯連(lian)接的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)感(gan)300。初(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)200還包(bao)括(kuo)串聯連(lian)接在輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)感(gan)300和(he)(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)初(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)級(ji)(ji)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)211之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)310。輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)開關裝(zhuang)置320允許將輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)感(gan)300和(he)(he)初(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)310之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接合點與主dc輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)10的(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)12交替地連(lian)接和(he)(he)斷開連(lian)接。如圖3中(zhong)所示(shi),第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)220具(ju)有(you)(you)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)級(ji)(ji)輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)230和(he)(he)作為(wei)輸(shu)出端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)dc輸(shu)出端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)35。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)級(ji)(ji)輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)230具(ju)有(you)(you)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)九端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)231和(he)(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)232,并(bing)且第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)dc輸(shu)出端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)35具(ju)有(you)(you)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)236和(he)(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)二(er)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)237(這些最后的(de)(de)(de)(de)標號未在圖3中(zhong),但是在圖6中(zhong)示(shi)出)。
在圖(tu)3的(de)優選實(shi)施(shi)例中(zhong),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流型(xing)dc-ac轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)器(qi)70也被(bei)隔(ge)離(li)(li)。它包括與第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)dc-dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)器(qi)30的(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)200相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)200。它還包括第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)次(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)240和(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)次(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)260。可以定義由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流型(xing)dc-ac轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)器(qi)70提(ti)供的(de)基(ji)本(ben)上準(zhun)方型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)和(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)極性(xing)(xing)。作為示(shi)例,圖(tu)7的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流i1在時間間隔(ge)[0;t0/2]中(zhong)具(ju)有(you)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)正極性(xing)(xing),并(bing)且(qie)在時間間隔(ge)[t0/2;t0]中(zhong)具(ju)有(you)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)負(fu)極性(xing)(xing)。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(分(fen)別(bie)地(di)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san))次(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)240(分(fen)別(bie)地(di)260)能夠在第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)ac輸(shu)出(chu)端(duan)85處提(ti)供具(ju)有(you)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(分(fen)別(bie)地(di)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er))極性(xing)(xing)的(de)基(ji)本(ben)上準(zhun)方型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)一(yi)部分(fen)。這種次(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)示(shi)例如下所示(shi)。通過使用上述初(chu)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)200,可以選擇不同(tong)的(de)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)次(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)240和(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)次(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)260。隔(ge)離(li)(li)的(de)變(bian)壓器(qi)400用于將(jiang)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)200的(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)輸(shu)出(chu)端(duan)210磁(ci)力作用地(di)連接到第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)輸(shu)入端(duan)230、第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)次(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)輸(shu)入端(duan)250和(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)次(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)輸(shu)入端(duan)270。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(分(fen)別(bie)地(di)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san))次(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)具(ju)有(you)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(分(fen)別(bie)地(di)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san))次(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)輸(shu)入端(duan)250(分(fen)別(bie)地(di)270)。
圖(tu)(tu)4示出了本(ben)發(fa)明的(de)(de)(de)另一(yi)個(ge)(ge)優(you)選(xuan)實(shi)施例。在這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)優(you)選(xuan)實(shi)施例中,本(ben)發(fa)明人提出使用(yong)兩個(ge)(ge)隔離cuk轉換器(qi),用(yong)于(yu)在電(dian)(dian)流型dc-ac轉換器(qi)70的(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)ac輸(shu)(shu)出端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)85處(chu)生成基本(ben)上方型電(dian)(dian)流。如圖(tu)(tu)4中所(suo)示,第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)路240包(bao)括第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)500和(he)(he)(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)510,其中第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)500串聯連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)在第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)輸(shu)(shu)入端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)250的(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)(di)五端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)251和(he)(he)(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)510之(zhi)間(jian)。這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)510直接(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)到第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)ac輸(shu)(shu)出端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)85的(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)86。第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)開(kai)(kai)關裝置520能(neng)夠將(jiang)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)500和(he)(he)(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)510之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)合點與第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)ac輸(shu)(shu)出端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)85的(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)(di)四端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)87交替(ti)地斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)和(he)(he)(he)通過(guo)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)二(er)(er)(er)極管530相連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)。這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)第(di)(di)(di)(di)四端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)87電(dian)(dian)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)到第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)輸(shu)(shu)入端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)250的(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)(di)六端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)252。第(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)路260包(bao)括第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)600和(he)(he)(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)610。第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)600串聯連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)在第(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)輸(shu)(shu)入端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)270的(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)(di)八端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)272和(he)(he)(he)直接(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)到第(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)86的(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)610之(zhi)間(jian)。第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)開(kai)(kai)關裝置620能(neng)夠將(jiang)第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)600和(he)(he)(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)610之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)合點與第(di)(di)(di)(di)四端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)87交替(ti)地斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)和(he)(he)(he)通過(guo)第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)(ji)二(er)(er)(er)極管630相連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)。
當在第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)ac輸(shu)出(chu)端85處(chu)期望準方型電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(例如,正)極(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)時(shi),控制裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)110(圖(tu)4中(zhong)未示出(chu))控制第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)開(kai)關裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)520和(he)(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)開(kai)關裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)620,使得第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路240提供例如所(suo)述(shu)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)極(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)。更精確地說,第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)開(kai)關裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)520于是為on(即,閉合),并且(qie)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)開(kai)關裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)620于是為off(即,斷開(kai))。在這(zhe)個時(shi)間(jian)間(jian)隔期間(jian),第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)次(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路260僅對(dui)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)ac輸(shu)出(chu)端85處(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流起微弱的(de)作用。但是,當第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)開(kai)關裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)520和(he)(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)開(kai)關裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)620都為off時(shi),功率(lv)卻可以(yi)通過由初(chu)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路200驅動的(de)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路220被輸(shu)送到(dao)槽路電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)40。優(you)選地,可以(yi)對(dui)這(zhe)個第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路220使用另一(yi)(yi)個cuk配置(zhi)(zhi);這(zhe)意味(wei)著:電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)和(he)(he)開(kai)關裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)像第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)和(he)(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)次(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)情況下(xia)那樣連接。下(xia)面在另一(yi)(yi)個優(you)選實施例中(zhong)詳細描述(shu)對(dui)于第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路220的(de)另一(yi)(yi)種可能性(xing)(xing)。如圖(tu)4中(zhong)所(suo)示,濾波電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)800優(you)選地并聯連接到(dao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)ac輸(shu)出(chu)端85,用于濾波。
圖5示出了(le)本發(fa)明的另(ling)一個優選(xuan)(xuan)實(shi)施例(li),其接近圖4中所示的實(shi)施例(li)。在這個優選(xuan)(xuan)實(shi)施例(li)中,公共的次(ci)級(ji)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)700用于第(di)二(er)次(ci)級(ji)電(dian)(dian)路240和第(di)三次(ci)級(ji)電(dian)(dian)路260。
圖6示出了本發(fa)明的(de)(de)(de)dc-ac功率轉換器1的(de)(de)(de)另一個(ge)(ge)優(you)(you)選(xuan)(xuan)實(shi)施(shi)例。在這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)優(you)(you)選(xuan)(xuan)實(shi)施(shi)例中(zhong),第(di)(di)(di)(di)一次級電路(lu)220包(bao)括(kuo)二(er)極(ji)管225,二(er)極(ji)管225串(chuan)聯地電連(lian)接(jie)在第(di)(di)(di)(di)一次級輸入(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)230的(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)(di)九端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)子231和(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一dc輸出端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)35的(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)一端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)子236之間。第(di)(di)(di)(di)一次級輸入(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)230的(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)子232直接(jie)電連(lian)接(jie)到第(di)(di)(di)(di)一dc輸出端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)35的(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)二(er)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)子237。因此,在這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)優(you)(you)選(xuan)(xuan)實(shi)施(shi)例中(zhong),第(di)(di)(di)(di)一dc-dc轉換器30是隔離的(de)(de)(de)sepic轉換器,其包(bao)括(kuo)也(ye)被用于第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)次級電路(lu)240和(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)三次級電路(lu)260的(de)(de)(de)初級電路(lu)200。
在圖6的實施例中,隔(ge)離(li)的變壓(ya)器(qi)400包(bao)括:電(dian)連接(jie)到(dao)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)輸出端210的初(chu)級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu);電(dian)連接(jie)到(dao)第(di)一(yi)次(ci)級(ji)(ji)輸入端230的第(di)一(yi)次(ci)級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu);電(dian)連接(jie)到(dao)第(di)二(er)次(ci)級(ji)(ji)輸入端250的第(di)二(er)次(ci)級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu);以(yi)及電(dian)連接(jie)到(dao)第(di)三次(ci)級(ji)(ji)輸入端270的第(di)三次(ci)級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)。在優選版本中,第(di)一(yi)、第(di)二(er)和(he)第(di)三次(ci)級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)相對于初(chu)級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)的匝(za)數比被假設分(fen)別為1:t、1:n和(he)1:n。優選地,n=8,并且t=10。
發明人已經發現,然后可以(yi)通過僅使用圖6的(de)(de)優選實施例的(de)(de)第(di)一(yi)次(ci)級開關裝置520和第(di)二(er)次(ci)級開關裝置620來控(kong)制功率(lv)向第(di)一(yi)ac輸(shu)出端(duan)85或向第(di)一(yi)dc輸(shu)出端(duan)35的(de)(de)轉移,如果隔離的(de)(de)變壓(ya)器400的(de)(de)繞(rao)組的(de)(de)匝數比如下選擇(ze)的(de)(de)話:
其中vdc是跨過(guo)槽路電容(rong)器40的基(ji)本上(shang)恒定的電壓值,而voutac(max)是基(ji)本上(shang)正弦ac電壓voutac的峰值。
在(zai)圖6的優選實施(shi)例中,vdc由以下等式給出:
其中vin是主dc輸入端10處(chu)的(de)dc電(dian)壓。優選(xuan)(xuan)地(di),vin=50v,voutac(max)=325v,vdc=400v。在等(deng)式(等(deng)式2)中,d代表通常由pwm控制的(de)開關裝置320的(de)占空比(bi)的(de)值。“占空比(bi)”是本領域技術(shu)(shu)人員已知的(de)術(shu)(shu)語:它(ta)表示其間(jian)(jian)開關裝置320為on的(de)時間(jian)(jian)百分比(bi)。優選(xuan)(xuan)地(di),d等(deng)于0.45,并且更優選(xuan)(xuan)地(di)等(deng)于0.55。
在圖6的(de)優選實施例中,當(dang)(dang)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)級(ji)開(kai)關(guan)裝(zhuang)置520或(huo)(huo)第(di)(di)(di)(di)二次(ci)(ci)級(ji)開(kai)關(guan)裝(zhuang)置620為(wei)on(閉合)時,分(fen)別具有第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)或(huo)(huo)第(di)(di)(di)(di)二極(ji)性的(de)電流被(bei)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)到第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)ac輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)端(duan)85。第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)級(ji)開(kai)關(guan)520和(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)二次(ci)(ci)級(ji)開(kai)關(guan)620可以(yi)(yi)(yi)被(bei)控制,使(shi)得功率(lv)直接被(bei)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)到輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)端(duan),而不通過轉換(huan)(huan)器50。當(dang)(dang)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)級(ji)開(kai)關(guan)520或(huo)(huo)第(di)(di)(di)(di)二次(ci)(ci)級(ji)開(kai)關(guan)620導(dao)通時,二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)225被(bei)阻塞(sai),并(bing)且(qie)二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)530、二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)630分(fen)別(以(yi)(yi)(yi)反激模式(shi))切換(huan)(huan)。如果(guo)滿(man)足(等式(shi)1的(de))條(tiao)件(jian),則(ze)只有微弱(ruo)量(liang)的(de)電功率(lv)被(bei)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)到槽(cao)路電容器40。當(dang)(dang)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)級(ji)開(kai)關(guan)裝(zhuang)置520和(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)二次(ci)(ci)級(ji)開(kai)關(guan)裝(zhuang)置620都為(wei)off(斷開(kai))時,電功率(lv)被(bei)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)到槽(cao)路電容器40。二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)225以(yi)(yi)(yi)由晶體(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)320設(she)置的(de)頻(pin)率(lv)但是以(yi)(yi)(yi)互補的(de)方(fang)式(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)反激模式(shi)切換(huan)(huan)(當(dang)(dang)晶體(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)320導(dao)通時,二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)225被(bei)阻塞(sai),并(bing)且(qie)反之亦然)。
如圖6中所示,濾波電(dian)容(rong)器800優選地(di)并聯連(lian)接(jie)到(dao)第(di)一ac輸出端85,用于濾波的目的。圖6的電(dian)路具有提(ti)供平滑的輸入和(he)輸出電(dian)流的優點(dian),這使(shi)得濾波更容(rong)易(yi)并且降低(di)轉換器的噪(zao)聲。但(dan)是(shi),在(zai)替代(dai)實施例(未示出)中,可以除去(qu)電(dian)感510和(he)610,同時(shi)失(shi)去(qu)平滑效應(ying),并且在(zai)電(dian)容(rong)器700處直接(jie)提(ti)取(qu)輸出功率。
在上述實施例中,開關裝置可以是例如mosfet或bjt。優選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)地(di),輸入(ru)電(dian)感(gan)300具有(you)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)在10和(he)100μh之間的(de)值(zhi)(zhi),更(geng)優選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)地(di)等(deng)(deng)于60μh。優選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)地(di),初級電(dian)容(rong)器310具有(you)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)在10和(he)100μf之間的(de)值(zhi)(zhi);這個(ge)值(zhi)(zhi)更(geng)優選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)地(di)等(deng)(deng)于60μf。優選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)地(di),次級電(dian)容(rong)器700具有(you)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)在0.1和(he)50μf之間的(de)值(zhi)(zhi);這個(ge)值(zhi)(zhi)更(geng)優選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)地(di)等(deng)(deng)于3μf。優選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)地(di),槽路電(dian)容(rong)器40具有(you)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)在500和(he)2000μf之間的(de)值(zhi)(zhi);這個(ge)值(zhi)(zhi)更(geng)優選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)地(di)等(deng)(deng)于1000μf。優選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)地(di),第(di)一(yi)次級電(dian)感(gan)510和(he)第(di)二次級電(dian)感(gan)610具有(you)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)在100和(he)2000μh之間的(de)值(zhi)(zhi);這個(ge)值(zhi)(zhi)更(geng)優選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)地(di)等(deng)(deng)于500μh。
已經(jing)根據具(ju)體實(shi)施(shi)(shi)例描(miao)述了本(ben)發明(ming),這些具(ju)體實(shi)施(shi)(shi)例是對本(ben)發明(ming)的(de)說明(ming),而(er)不應當被解(jie)釋為限(xian)制。更一般而(er)言,本(ben)領(ling)域(yu)技術人員將(jiang)認識(shi)到(dao),本(ben)發明(ming)不受上文特(te)別或明(ming)確示出和/或描(miao)述的(de)內(nei)容的(de)限(xian)制。