本發明公開了一種酶生物燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池陽(yang)極(ji)薄(bo)膜材(cai)料(liao)的制備方法,屬于(yu)電(dian)(dian)池材(cai)料(liao)合成(cheng)領(ling)域。
背景技術:
生(sheng)物燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(BFC)是一種(zhong)利用(yong)生(sheng)物催化劑將化學能直接轉化為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的裝置。常用(yong)的生(sheng)物催化劑有微生(sheng)物、細胞器(如(ru)線粒體)和(he)酶(mei)(mei)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)酶(mei)(mei)生(sheng)物燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(EBFC)的能量輸(shu)出相(xiang)比(bi)另(ling)外兩種(zhong)BFC要高(gao)很多,成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)BFC研究的熱(re)點(dian)。由于(yu)(yu)酶(mei)(mei)種(zhong)類多、易(yi)提取(qu)且催化條(tiao)件溫(wen)(wen)和(he),于(yu)(yu)傳統的燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)相(xiang)比(bi),EBFC具有燃料(liao)來源廣泛,價(jia)格(ge)低廉(lian)和(he)能夠在溫(wen)(wen)和(he)環境中(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)作(溫(wen)(wen)度為(wei)20~40℃,中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)pH)等優點(dian),尤(you)其(qi)是葡(pu)萄糖/氧氣(qi)BFC可以利用(yong)人(ren)體血液中(zhong)(zhong)的葡(pu)萄糖和(he)氧氣(qi)作為(wei)BFC的陽極和(he)陰極底物輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流,有望(wang)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)如(ru)心臟起搏器等低能耗(hao)小型(xing)設(she)備的內置電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。然而(er),由于(yu)(yu)酶(mei)(mei)的有效固定(ding)量有限、酶(mei)(mei)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子傳遞不暢、酶(mei)(mei)容易(yi)失活(huo)且存在泄漏等問題,EBFC也存在功(gong)率(lv)密度低、壽命短等缺點(dian)。因此,加快酶(mei)(mei)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極間的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子傳遞、固定(ding)更多的酶(mei)(mei)且同(tong)時保持酶(mei)(mei)活(huo)性(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)當前(qian)EBFC研究的重點(dian)。
早期燃(ran)料電(dian)池(chi)是將(jiang)酶(mei)溶(rong)(rong)于(yu)溶(rong)(rong)液中(zhong),由于(yu)酶(mei)在(zai)溶(rong)(rong)液中(zhong)只能保(bao)持數天,所以電(dian)池(chi)的(de)壽(shou)命很短,而將(jiang)酶(mei)固定在(zai)電(dian)極(ji)上,可以保(bao)持酶(mei)的(de)活(huo)性,延長電(dian)池(chi)的(de)使用周期。物(wu)理吸附是最簡單的(de)酶(mei)固定化(hua)方(fang)法,酶(mei)蛋(dan)白的(de)活(huo)性中(zhong)心(xin)不易被(bei)破壞,但相互作用較弱(ruo),需進一步提高載(zai)酶(mei)量及酶(mei)的(de)穩定性。近年來,通過改進葡萄(tao)糖氧化(hua)酶(mei)電(dian)極(ji)的(de)制備方(fang)法,如(ru)共價鍵連接(jie)和分子自組裝(zhuang)、加入導電(dian)材料和氧化(hua)還原聚合物(wu)修飾電(dian)極(ji)等,更好的(de)滿足了酶(mei)生(sheng)物(wu)燃(ran)料電(dian)池(chi)對電(dian)極(ji)的(de)要求(qiu),但由于(yu)葡萄(tao)糖氧化(hua)酶(mei)的(de)輔基FAD被(bei)蛋(dan)白質外(wai)殼(ke)包圍,阻礙了電(dian)子在(zai)酶(mei)活(huo)性中(zhong)心(xin)和電(dian)極(ji)導電(dian)材料之間的(de)轉(zhuan)移。
技術實現要素:
本(ben)發明主要解決的(de)(de)技術問題是(shi):針(zhen)對傳統(tong)酶(mei)(mei)生(sheng)物(wu)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)池陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)材料(liao)(liao)在使用(yong)過程中(zhong)出現(xian)的(de)(de),酶(mei)(mei)的(de)(de)有效固定量低(di),酶(mei)(mei)與(yu)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)子傳遞不順暢(chang),導致生(sheng)物(wu)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)池功率密度低(di),壽命短的(de)(de)問題,提供了一種酶(mei)(mei)生(sheng)物(wu)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)池陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)薄(bo)膜材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)制備(bei)方(fang)法,本(ben)發明首先以葡萄糖(tang)氧化酶(mei)(mei)為(wei)(wei)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)氧化酶(mei)(mei),以甘油和蔗糖(tang)為(wei)(wei)酶(mei)(mei)穩(wen)定保護劑,經超聲(sheng)分(fen)散成酶(mei)(mei)液(ye)(ye),再(zai)與(yu)殼聚(ju)糖(tang)和明膠于弱(ruo)酸性(xing)條件下混(hun)合,經氫氧化鈉(na)溶液(ye)(ye)調節pH沉(chen)淀后,用(yong)紗布過濾,在玻璃板表面涂覆成膜,經干(gan)燥脫水后,浸泡(pao)于緩沖溶液(ye)(ye)中(zhong)使膜脫離,再(zai)將膜置于戊二醛溶液(ye)(ye)中(zhong)發生(sheng)交聯反應,增(zeng)加膜的(de)(de)剛(gang)性(xing),避免殼聚(ju)糖(tang)在酸性(xing)條件下軟化流失,最后經洗滌(di)干(gan)燥得(de)到(dao)酶(mei)(mei)生(sheng)物(wu)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)池陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)薄(bo)膜材料(liao)(liao)。本(ben)發明所得(de)薄(bo)膜材料(liao)(liao)負載于Au電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)作為(wei)(wei)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)池陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)顯(xian)示(shi)出優異的(de)(de)電(dian)催化活性(xing),且穩(wen)定性(xing)好,重現(xian)性(xing)高(gao),酶(mei)(mei)可在薄(bo)膜的(de)(de)多層結構中(zhong)保持活性(xing),且薄(bo)膜內有大量的(de)(de)電(dian)活性(xing)中(zhong)心(xin),十(shi)分(fen)利于電(dian)催化。
為了解(jie)決上述技術(shu)問題,本發明所采用的(de)技術(shu)方案是:
(1)依次稱取16~18g葡萄(tao)糖氧化酶,15~20g甘油,3~5g蔗糖,加(jia)入(ru)盛有800~1000mL去離子水(shui)的燒(shao)杯(bei)(bei)中(zhong),隨后(hou)將燒(shao)杯(bei)(bei)置于(yu)超聲振(zhen)蕩(dang)儀中(zhong),于(yu)溫度為45~50℃,功(gong)率(lv)為160~180W條件下(xia),超聲分(fen)散8~10min,隨后(hou)將燒(shao)杯(bei)(bei)迅速轉(zhuan)入(ru)2~4℃冰水(shui)浴中(zhong)處理3~5h,得葡萄(tao)糖氧化酶液;
(2)依次稱取(qu)0.8~1.2g殼聚糖(tang),3~5g明膠(jiao),16~20mL上(shang)述所得葡萄(tao)糖(tang)氧化(hua)酶液,加(jia)(jia)入盛有100~120mL質量濃度為2~4%醋酸溶液的燒(shao)杯中,再將燒(shao)杯轉入磁力攪拌器(qi)上(shang),以400~600r/min轉速攪拌混(hun)(hun)合20~30min,在(zai)攪拌狀態下,滴加(jia)(jia)質量濃度為6~8%氫氧化(hua)鈉溶液,調節pH至8.6~8.8,繼續(xu)攪拌混(hun)(hun)合10~15min;
(3)待(dai)攪拌(ban)混合結(jie)束(shu),用雙層(ceng)紗(sha)布(bu)過濾(lv)(lv),除(chu)去濾(lv)(lv)液,將(jiang)濾(lv)(lv)餅(bing)均勻涂覆于玻(bo)璃板(ban)(ban)表(biao)面(mian),再將(jiang)玻(bo)璃板(ban)(ban)轉入真空干(gan)燥箱中,于溫度為(wei)35~40℃條件下干(gan)燥2~4h,隨后(hou)將(jiang)玻(bo)璃板(ban)(ban)取(qu)出(chu),浸(jin)沒于pH為(wei)6.8磷酸二氫(qing)鈉(na)-磷酸氫(qing)二鈉(na)緩(huan)沖溶液中,直至玻(bo)璃板(ban)(ban)表(biao)面(mian)膜完全脫(tuo)離(li);
(4)收集上述緩沖溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)中(zhong)脫離(li)的膜,用去離(li)子水洗滌3~5次(ci),隨后將(jiang)膜轉入盛有200~300mL質量濃度為0.02~0.04%戊二(er)醛溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)的燒杯中(zhong),再將(jiang)燒杯轉入水浴鍋(guo)中(zhong),于溫度為40~45℃,恒溫反應45~60min;
(5)待反應(ying)結束,自然冷卻至室溫,過濾,除(chu)去濾液,得改性薄膜,用無水(shui)乙醇(chun)洗滌(di)改性薄膜3~5次,再用去離子水(shui)洗滌(di)直至洗滌(di)液呈中性,隨后(hou)將改性薄膜轉入真空(kong)干燥(zao)箱中,于45~50℃條件(jian)下,干燥(zao)6~8h,即得酶(mei)生物燃料(liao)電(dian)池陽極薄膜材料(liao)。
本發明的應用方法:將Au電極用氧化鋁和鹿皮打磨、拋光,再用質量濃度為20~25%硝酸浸泡2~4h,隨后用丙酮洗滌3~5次,再用去離子水洗滌2~4次,經干燥后將Au電極浸沒于濃度為10mmol/La-硫辛酸的乙醇溶液中活化30~40min,再將本發明所得電池陽極薄膜材料負載于Au電極表面,即得酶生物燃料電池陽極,將其取代常規燃料電池陽極,應用于燃料電池中,經檢測,葡萄糖氧化酶在陽極材料多層結構中保持較高的活性,靈敏度可達6.2~6.5μA/(mmol·cm2),穩定性(xing)好,重現型高,所(suo)制備的燃料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命較(jiao)常規燃料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)提高80~100天,可作為微型電(dian)源廣泛(fan)應用(yong)(yong)于醫學領域(yu)植入人體內(nei)部。
本發明(ming)的有(you)益效果是:
(1)本發(fa)明所(suo)得產(chan)品原料來源(yuan)廣泛,廉價易(yi)得,應(ying)用于燃(ran)料電池中反應(ying)條(tiao)件溫和(he),生物相容(rong)性好(hao),是一種(zhong)可再生的綠色(se)能源(yuan),符(fu)合(he)可持續發(fa)展戰略(lve)要求(qiu);
(2)本發明所得薄膜材料具有三維空間結構,薄膜內有大(da)量的電活性中心,十分有利于(yu)電催化,同時制備方法(fa)簡(jian)單,電極使用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)長(chang),可(ke)以廣(guang)泛使用(yong)。
具體實施方式
依次(ci)稱取(qu)(qu)16~18g葡萄糖(tang)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)酶(mei)(mei),15~20g甘油,3~5g蔗糖(tang),加(jia)(jia)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)盛(sheng)有(you)800~1000mL去(qu)離(li)(li)子水(shui)的(de)燒杯(bei)(bei)中,隨后(hou)(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)燒杯(bei)(bei)置于(yu)(yu)超聲振蕩(dang)儀中,于(yu)(yu)溫(wen)度(du)(du)為45~50℃,功(gong)率為160~180W條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)下(xia),超聲分散8~10min,隨后(hou)(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)燒杯(bei)(bei)迅速轉入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)2~4℃冰水(shui)浴(yu)中處理(li)3~5h,得葡萄糖(tang)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)酶(mei)(mei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);依次(ci)稱取(qu)(qu)0.8~1.2g殼聚(ju)糖(tang),3~5g明膠,16~20mL上(shang)述所得葡萄糖(tang)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)酶(mei)(mei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),加(jia)(jia)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)盛(sheng)有(you)100~120mL質(zhi)量(liang)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)為2~4%醋酸(suan)溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)燒杯(bei)(bei)中,再將(jiang)(jiang)燒杯(bei)(bei)轉入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)磁力(li)攪拌(ban)器上(shang),以(yi)400~600r/min轉速攪拌(ban)混(hun)合(he)20~30min,在攪拌(ban)狀態下(xia),滴(di)加(jia)(jia)質(zhi)量(liang)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)為6~8%氫(qing)(qing)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鈉溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),調節pH至(zhi)(zhi)8.6~8.8,繼(ji)續攪拌(ban)混(hun)合(he)10~15min;待攪拌(ban)混(hun)合(he)結(jie)束(shu),用(yong)雙層紗布(bu)過(guo)濾(lv),除(chu)去(qu)濾(lv)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),將(jiang)(jiang)濾(lv)餅均勻涂覆(fu)于(yu)(yu)玻璃(li)板表面,再將(jiang)(jiang)玻璃(li)板轉入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)真空(kong)干(gan)燥箱(xiang)中,于(yu)(yu)溫(wen)度(du)(du)為35~40℃條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)干(gan)燥2~4h,隨后(hou)(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)玻璃(li)板取(qu)(qu)出,浸沒于(yu)(yu)pH為6.8磷(lin)酸(suan)二氫(qing)(qing)鈉-磷(lin)酸(suan)氫(qing)(qing)二鈉緩沖溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中,直(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)玻璃(li)板表面膜(mo)(mo)完(wan)全脫離(li)(li);收集上(shang)述緩沖溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中脫離(li)(li)的(de)膜(mo)(mo),用(yong)去(qu)離(li)(li)子水(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)3~5次(ci),隨后(hou)(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)膜(mo)(mo)轉入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)盛(sheng)有(you)200~300mL質(zhi)量(liang)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)為0.02~0.04%戊(wu)二醛(quan)溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)燒杯(bei)(bei)中,再將(jiang)(jiang)燒杯(bei)(bei)轉入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)水(shui)浴(yu)鍋中,于(yu)(yu)溫(wen)度(du)(du)為40~45℃,恒溫(wen)反應45~60min;待反應結(jie)束(shu),自然(ran)冷(leng)卻至(zhi)(zhi)室溫(wen),過(guo)濾(lv),除(chu)去(qu)濾(lv)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),得改性(xing)薄(bo)(bo)膜(mo)(mo),用(yong)無水(shui)乙醇洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)改性(xing)薄(bo)(bo)膜(mo)(mo)3~5次(ci),再用(yong)去(qu)離(li)(li)子水(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)直(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)呈中性(xing),隨后(hou)(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)改性(xing)薄(bo)(bo)膜(mo)(mo)轉入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)真空(kong)干(gan)燥箱(xiang)中,于(yu)(yu)45~50℃條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)下(xia),干(gan)燥6~8h,即得酶(mei)(mei)生物燃(ran)料電(dian)池陽極薄(bo)(bo)膜(mo)(mo)材(cai)料。
實例1
依(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)稱取16g葡(pu)萄(tao)糖氧(yang)化(hua)酶,15g甘(gan)油,3g蔗糖,加(jia)入盛(sheng)有800mL去離子(zi)水(shui)的(de)燒(shao)(shao)杯(bei)(bei)中,隨(sui)后(hou)將燒(shao)(shao)杯(bei)(bei)置于(yu)(yu)超聲振蕩儀(yi)中,于(yu)(yu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度為(wei)(wei)45℃,功率為(wei)(wei)160W條(tiao)件下(xia)(xia),超聲分(fen)散8min,隨(sui)后(hou)將燒(shao)(shao)杯(bei)(bei)迅速轉(zhuan)入2℃冰水(shui)浴(yu)(yu)中處理3h,得(de)葡(pu)萄(tao)糖氧(yang)化(hua)酶液(ye)(ye);依(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)稱取0.8g殼(ke)聚糖,3g明膠,16mL上述所得(de)葡(pu)萄(tao)糖氧(yang)化(hua)酶液(ye)(ye),加(jia)入盛(sheng)有100mL質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)濃(nong)度為(wei)(wei)2%醋酸溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)燒(shao)(shao)杯(bei)(bei)中,再(zai)(zai)將燒(shao)(shao)杯(bei)(bei)轉(zhuan)入磁力(li)攪(jiao)拌器上,以400r/min轉(zhuan)速攪(jiao)拌混(hun)(hun)合(he)20min,在攪(jiao)拌狀態下(xia)(xia),滴加(jia)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)濃(nong)度為(wei)(wei)6%氫氧(yang)化(hua)鈉溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye),調節pH至(zhi)8.6,繼(ji)續攪(jiao)拌混(hun)(hun)合(he)10min;待(dai)(dai)攪(jiao)拌混(hun)(hun)合(he)結(jie)束(shu)(shu),用雙層紗布過(guo)(guo)濾(lv),除去濾(lv)液(ye)(ye),將濾(lv)餅均(jun)勻涂覆于(yu)(yu)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)板表面,再(zai)(zai)將玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)板轉(zhuan)入真空干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)箱中,于(yu)(yu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度為(wei)(wei)35℃條(tiao)件下(xia)(xia)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)2h,隨(sui)后(hou)將玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)板取出,浸沒于(yu)(yu)pH為(wei)(wei)6.8磷酸二氫鈉-磷酸氫二鈉緩(huan)沖(chong)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)中,直(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)板表面膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)完全(quan)脫離;收集上述緩(huan)沖(chong)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)中脫離的(de)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo),用去離子(zi)水(shui)洗(xi)滌3次(ci)(ci),隨(sui)后(hou)將膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)轉(zhuan)入盛(sheng)有200mL質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)濃(nong)度為(wei)(wei)0.02%戊二醛溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)燒(shao)(shao)杯(bei)(bei)中,再(zai)(zai)將燒(shao)(shao)杯(bei)(bei)轉(zhuan)入水(shui)浴(yu)(yu)鍋(guo)中,于(yu)(yu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度為(wei)(wei)40℃,恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)反(fan)應(ying)45min;待(dai)(dai)反(fan)應(ying)結(jie)束(shu)(shu),自然冷卻至(zhi)室溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),過(guo)(guo)濾(lv),除去濾(lv)液(ye)(ye),得(de)改(gai)性(xing)薄(bo)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo),用無水(shui)乙醇洗(xi)滌改(gai)性(xing)薄(bo)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)3次(ci)(ci),再(zai)(zai)用去離子(zi)水(shui)洗(xi)滌直(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)洗(xi)滌液(ye)(ye)呈中性(xing),隨(sui)后(hou)將改(gai)性(xing)薄(bo)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)轉(zhuan)入真空干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)箱中,于(yu)(yu)45℃條(tiao)件下(xia)(xia),干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)6h,即得(de)酶生物燃料電池陽極薄(bo)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)材料。
將Au電極用氧化鋁和鹿皮打磨、拋光,再用質量濃度為20%硝酸浸泡2h,隨后用丙酮洗滌3次,再用去離子水洗滌2次,經干燥后將Au電極浸沒于濃度為10mmol/La-硫辛酸的乙醇溶液中活化30min,再將本發明所得電池陽極薄膜材料負載于Au電極表面,即得酶生物燃料電池陽極,將其取代常規燃料電池陽極,應用于燃料電池中,經檢測,葡萄糖氧化酶在陽極材料多層結構中保持較高的活性,靈敏度可達6.2μA/(mmol·cm2),穩定性好,重現型高(gao),所制備的燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池使用(yong)壽(shou)命較(jiao)常規燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池提高(gao)80天(tian),可作為微型電(dian)(dian)源廣泛(fan)應用(yong)于(yu)醫學領域(yu)植入(ru)人體內部(bu)。
實例2
依(yi)次(ci)稱(cheng)取(qu)17g葡萄(tao)糖(tang)氧化(hua)酶(mei),18g甘油,4g蔗糖(tang),加入(ru)(ru)(ru)盛(sheng)有900mL去(qu)離(li)(li)子水(shui)(shui)的燒(shao)杯(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隨(sui)后(hou)將(jiang)燒(shao)杯(bei)置于(yu)超聲(sheng)振(zhen)蕩儀中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),于(yu)溫(wen)度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)48℃,功率為(wei)(wei)(wei)170W條件(jian)下,超聲(sheng)分(fen)散9min,隨(sui)后(hou)將(jiang)燒(shao)杯(bei)迅速轉(zhuan)(zhuan)入(ru)(ru)(ru)3℃冰水(shui)(shui)浴中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)處(chu)理4h,得(de)葡萄(tao)糖(tang)氧化(hua)酶(mei)液(ye)(ye)(ye);依(yi)次(ci)稱(cheng)取(qu)1g殼聚糖(tang),4g明膠(jiao),18mL上述(shu)所得(de)葡萄(tao)糖(tang)氧化(hua)酶(mei)液(ye)(ye)(ye),加入(ru)(ru)(ru)盛(sheng)有110mL質量(liang)(liang)濃度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)3%醋酸溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)的燒(shao)杯(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),再(zai)將(jiang)燒(shao)杯(bei)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)入(ru)(ru)(ru)磁力攪(jiao)拌(ban)器上,以500r/min轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速攪(jiao)拌(ban)混(hun)合(he)25min,在攪(jiao)拌(ban)狀(zhuang)態下,滴(di)加質量(liang)(liang)濃度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)7%氫(qing)氧化(hua)鈉(na)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye),調節pH至8.7,繼續攪(jiao)拌(ban)混(hun)合(he)12min;待攪(jiao)拌(ban)混(hun)合(he)結束,用(yong)雙層紗布過濾,除去(qu)濾液(ye)(ye)(ye),將(jiang)濾餅均勻(yun)涂覆(fu)于(yu)玻璃板表(biao)面(mian),再(zai)將(jiang)玻璃板轉(zhuan)(zhuan)入(ru)(ru)(ru)真空干(gan)燥箱中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),于(yu)溫(wen)度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)38℃條件(jian)下干(gan)燥3h,隨(sui)后(hou)將(jiang)玻璃板取(qu)出,浸(jin)沒于(yu)pH為(wei)(wei)(wei)6.8磷(lin)酸二氫(qing)鈉(na)-磷(lin)酸氫(qing)二鈉(na)緩(huan)沖溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),直至玻璃板表(biao)面(mian)膜(mo)完(wan)全脫離(li)(li);收集上述(shu)緩(huan)沖溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)脫離(li)(li)的膜(mo),用(yong)去(qu)離(li)(li)子水(shui)(shui)洗(xi)滌(di)(di)4次(ci),隨(sui)后(hou)將(jiang)膜(mo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)入(ru)(ru)(ru)盛(sheng)有260mL質量(liang)(liang)濃度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.03%戊二醛溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)的燒(shao)杯(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),再(zai)將(jiang)燒(shao)杯(bei)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)入(ru)(ru)(ru)水(shui)(shui)浴鍋中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),于(yu)溫(wen)度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)42℃,恒溫(wen)反(fan)應(ying)55min;待反(fan)應(ying)結束,自然冷卻至室溫(wen),過濾,除去(qu)濾液(ye)(ye)(ye),得(de)改性(xing)薄(bo)膜(mo),用(yong)無(wu)水(shui)(shui)乙醇洗(xi)滌(di)(di)改性(xing)薄(bo)膜(mo)4次(ci),再(zai)用(yong)去(qu)離(li)(li)子水(shui)(shui)洗(xi)滌(di)(di)直至洗(xi)滌(di)(di)液(ye)(ye)(ye)呈中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性(xing),隨(sui)后(hou)將(jiang)改性(xing)薄(bo)膜(mo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)入(ru)(ru)(ru)真空干(gan)燥箱中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),于(yu)48℃條件(jian)下,干(gan)燥7h,即得(de)酶(mei)生物燃料(liao)電池陽極薄(bo)膜(mo)材料(liao)。
將Au電極用氧化鋁和鹿皮打磨、拋光,再用質量濃度為22%硝酸浸泡3h,隨后用丙酮洗滌4次,再用去離子水洗滌3次,經干燥后將Au電極浸沒于濃度為10mmol/La-硫辛酸的乙醇溶液中活化35min,再將本發明所得電池陽極薄膜材料負載于Au電極表面,即得酶生物燃料電池陽極,將其取代常規燃料電池陽極,應用于燃料電池中,經檢測,葡萄糖氧化酶在陽極材料多層結構中保持較高的活性,靈敏度可達6.3μA/(mmol·cm2),穩定性好,重現型(xing)高,所(suo)制備的燃料電(dian)池(chi)使用壽命較(jiao)常規燃料電(dian)池(chi)提高90天,可(ke)作為微(wei)型(xing)電(dian)源(yuan)廣泛應用于醫學領域(yu)植入人體內部。
實例3
依次(ci)稱(cheng)取18g葡萄(tao)糖(tang)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)酶(mei),20g甘油,5g蔗糖(tang),加(jia)入(ru)盛有(you)1000mL去(qu)離(li)子水(shui)的(de)(de)燒(shao)杯(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隨(sui)后(hou)(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)燒(shao)杯(bei)置于超(chao)聲(sheng)振蕩儀中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),于溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度為(wei)50℃,功率為(wei)180W條(tiao)件下,超(chao)聲(sheng)分散10min,隨(sui)后(hou)(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)燒(shao)杯(bei)迅(xun)速轉(zhuan)(zhuan)入(ru)4℃冰水(shui)浴中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)處理5h,得葡萄(tao)糖(tang)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)酶(mei)液(ye)(ye)(ye);依次(ci)稱(cheng)取1.2g殼聚(ju)糖(tang),5g明(ming)膠,20mL上(shang)述所得葡萄(tao)糖(tang)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)酶(mei)液(ye)(ye)(ye),加(jia)入(ru)盛有(you)120mL質(zhi)量濃度為(wei)4%醋(cu)酸(suan)(suan)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)燒(shao)杯(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),再將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)燒(shao)杯(bei)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)入(ru)磁力攪拌(ban)器上(shang),以(yi)600r/min轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速攪拌(ban)混(hun)合(he)(he)30min,在(zai)攪拌(ban)狀態下,滴加(jia)質(zhi)量濃度為(wei)8%氫(qing)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鈉溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye),調節pH至(zhi)8.8,繼(ji)續攪拌(ban)混(hun)合(he)(he)15min;待攪拌(ban)混(hun)合(he)(he)結束(shu),用雙層(ceng)紗(sha)布過濾(lv),除去(qu)濾(lv)液(ye)(ye)(ye),將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)濾(lv)餅均勻涂覆于玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)板表(biao)(biao)面,再將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)板轉(zhuan)(zhuan)入(ru)真空(kong)干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)箱中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),于溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度為(wei)40℃條(tiao)件下干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)4h,隨(sui)后(hou)(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)板取出,浸沒于pH為(wei)6.8磷酸(suan)(suan)二(er)(er)氫(qing)鈉-磷酸(suan)(suan)氫(qing)二(er)(er)鈉緩(huan)沖溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),直至(zhi)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)板表(biao)(biao)面膜(mo)(mo)完(wan)全脫(tuo)離(li);收集上(shang)述緩(huan)沖溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)脫(tuo)離(li)的(de)(de)膜(mo)(mo),用去(qu)離(li)子水(shui)洗滌(di)(di)5次(ci),隨(sui)后(hou)(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)膜(mo)(mo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)入(ru)盛有(you)300mL質(zhi)量濃度為(wei)0.04%戊(wu)二(er)(er)醛溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)燒(shao)杯(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),再將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)燒(shao)杯(bei)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)入(ru)水(shui)浴鍋中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),于溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度為(wei)45℃,恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)反(fan)應60min;待反(fan)應結束(shu),自(zi)然冷卻至(zhi)室溫(wen)(wen)(wen),過濾(lv),除去(qu)濾(lv)液(ye)(ye)(ye),得改(gai)性薄膜(mo)(mo),用無水(shui)乙醇洗滌(di)(di)改(gai)性薄膜(mo)(mo)5次(ci),再用去(qu)離(li)子水(shui)洗滌(di)(di)直至(zhi)洗滌(di)(di)液(ye)(ye)(ye)呈中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性,隨(sui)后(hou)(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)改(gai)性薄膜(mo)(mo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)入(ru)真空(kong)干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)箱中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),于50℃條(tiao)件下,干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)8h,即得酶(mei)生物燃料電池陽極薄膜(mo)(mo)材料。
將Au電極用氧化鋁和鹿皮打磨、拋光,再用質量濃度為25%硝酸浸泡4h,隨后用丙酮洗滌5次,再用去離子水洗滌4次,經干燥后將Au電極浸沒于濃度為10mmol/La-硫辛酸的乙醇溶液中活化40min,再將本發明所得電池陽極薄膜材料負載于Au電極表面,即得酶生物燃料電池陽極,將其取代常規燃料電池陽極,應用于燃料電池中,經檢測,葡萄糖氧化酶在陽極材料多層結構中保持較高的活性,靈敏度可達6.5μA/(mmol·cm2),穩定性好,重現(xian)型高,所制備的燃料電池使(shi)用(yong)壽命較常規(gui)燃料電池提高100天,可作(zuo)為微型電源(yuan)廣泛應用(yong)于(yu)醫學領域植入人(ren)體內部(bu)。