本發明涉及(ji)充放(fang)電(dian)控制器集成蓄電(dian)池。

背景技術：

目前，無論對于任何類(lei)型的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，實(shi)際應用時需(xu)由充(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)器(qi)來控制(zhi)其充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態。具(ju)體(ti)方案都是(shi)根據負載選擇不同種類(lei)和規格(ge)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行(xing)串并聯(lian)，再根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)具(ju)體(ti)情況設計(ji)其相(xiang)對應的(de)充(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)器(qi)。這些控制(zhi)器(qi)無論使用什么控制(zhi)算(suan)法，一般只針對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)整體(ti)進行(xing)控制(zhi)，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)均衡、防止過充(chong)過放(fang)(fang)等(deng)問題的(de)考(kao)慮最多細化到每塊(kuai)封(feng)裝好(hao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。并且(qie)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和控制(zhi)器(qi)相(xiang)互獨(du)立，不將這兩者視作(zuo)一個整體(ti)進行(xing)考(kao)慮。

蓄電(dian)池與其充放電(dian)控(kong)制器相(xiang)互(hu)獨立(li)的缺陷主(zhu)要有以(yi)下三點：

對(dui)于(yu)整(zheng)個系(xi)統來說，目前(qian)市(shi)場上電池(chi)(chi)的(de)種(zhong)類(lei)規格繁多，這就(jiu)使(shi)充放電控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)的(de)設計需要(yao)根據具(ju)體(ti)情(qing)況(kuang)而變(bian)化(hua)。使(shi)用成本低(di)(di)的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)電池(chi)(chi)壞(huai)的(de)快，對(dui)電池(chi)(chi)養(yang)護(hu)效果(guo)好(hao)的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(BMS)成本高(gao)兼容性(xing)差(cha)，只(zhi)適(shi)用于(yu)特定種(zhong)類(lei)和(he)規格的(de)電池(chi)(chi)，在(zai)系(xi)統對(dui)電池(chi)(chi)容量的(de)需求有變(bian)化(hua)時(shi)(shi)就(jiu)需另行設計控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)。而電池(chi)(chi)與控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)分開進行設計不可避免的(de)導致了整(zheng)個系(xi)統臃腫龐雜(za)，穩定性(xing)低(di)(di)，易受(shou)外界條件變(bian)化(hua)的(de)影響，同時(shi)(shi)也給使(shi)用帶來了不便。

對于電(dian)(dian)池本身，現(xian)在市場上整(zheng)塊封裝的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池都是(shi)由幾個小的(de)(de)具有相同規格的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池單(dan)(dan)元串聯而成(cheng)的(de)(de)，對于外部控制(zhi)器來(lai)說(shuo)整(zheng)塊電(dian)(dian)池就是(shi)一個黑箱(xiang)，其(qi)內部的(de)(de)各單(dan)(dan)元的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態不(bu)可監視也(ye)就不(bu)可控制(zhi)。在不(bu)能兼顧到(dao)每個單(dan)(dan)元情(qing)況(kuang)下，即使比較(jiao)好的(de)(de)控制(zhi)算法的(de)(de)效果也(ye)會大打折扣(kou)，從(cong)而導致(zhi)蓄電(dian)(dian)池提(ti)前結束使用壽(shou)命，實際從(cong)長遠來(lai)看是(shi)提(ti)高了成(cheng)本。

對于(yu)用戶方面，許多人(ren)會(hui)由于(yu)缺乏相應的(de)使(shi)用及(ji)養護知識而不(bu)能發揮電池完整(zheng)的(de)性(xing)能。購買電池后還要(yao)考慮控制的(de)問(wen)題，費時費力，經濟上不(bu)友好(hao)，效果(guo)也不(bu)一定有保障，在(zai)不(bu)控或控制效果(guo)不(bu)好(hao)的(de)情況下還會(hui)有潛在(zai)的(de)危險。

技術實現要素：

本發明(ming)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)是(shi)提出一種將充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器和蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)集成為(wei)一體的(de)(de)新型集成蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，其控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器能夠對每(mei)個電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)單元(yuan)進(jin)(jin)行精確的(de)(de)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，它使用(yong)(yong)(yong)變脈寬的(de)(de)大電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)正負脈沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)來提高電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)接(jie)受率(lv)并縮短充(chong)電(dian)時間，能夠根據蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)自身的(de)(de)特性控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)其充(chong)電(dian)和放(fang)電(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)、電(dian)壓，充(chong)電(dian)或放(fang)電(dian)截止，還可(ke)(ke)顯示或以通信的(de)(de)方(fang)式輸出溫度和狀態(tai)(電(dian)壓、電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)、荷電(dian)狀態(tai)等)，可(ke)(ke)即(ji)插即(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，不僅使用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)便(bian)，節省空間，而且保證最(zui)小單位的(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)也在最(zui)優狀態(tai)下進(jin)(jin)行充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)，可(ke)(ke)顯著提高蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)率(lv)和壽命。集成蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在實際應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)中無需其他操作或設備就可(ke)(ke)串并聯運行以滿足(zu)系統電(dian)壓和功率(lv)要求(qiu)。

本發(fa)明所采用的技(ji)術方案是：

一(yi)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制器集成蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，包括蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池本體、功(gong)率主(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)以(yi)及(ji)顯示部分，功(gong)率主(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)以(yi)多路(lu)(lu)輸(shu)出的(de)高頻隔(ge)離型DC-DC電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，雙向反激電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)為基礎與(yu)一(yi)些開(kai)關組合而成，開(kai)關頻率采用高頻，檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)主(zhu)要包括對變(bian)壓(ya)器一(yi)次側的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)Ui、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流Ii，每路(lu)(lu)輸(shu)出的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)Ub1-Ub6以(yi)及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池溫度T進(jin)(jin)行采樣，控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)以(yi)接收檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)信號進(jin)(jin)行處理并驅動各開(kai)關管開(kai)通與(yu)關斷，在使(shi)用過程中(zhong)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)同時(shi)進(jin)(jin)行，采用正負脈(mo)沖(chong)進(jin)(jin)行充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，使(shi)用變(bian)壓(ya)器原邊電(dian)(dian)(dian)流及(ji)副邊電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)確(que)定充(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)，并在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)進(jin)(jin)行溫度補償。

進一步，功(gong)率主電(dian)路多路輸出的每路輸出電(dian)壓2V或3V左右，同(tong)步整(zheng)流(liu)型MOSFET替代二極管。

進一步，采用正負脈沖進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)前期(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接受(shou)率(lv)較高時，采用大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)恒流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，待達到預設的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，轉(zhuan)換為正負脈沖充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，具體方法是(shi)在(zai)每個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周期(qi)內，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正脈沖后緊跟一或多個大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負脈沖，之后再(zai)跟隨一段間歇時間，消(xiao)除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中產生(sheng)的極化效應，抬(tai)高充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接受(shou)率(lv)，以保證下(xia)個周期(qi)大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的可能。

進(jin)一步，正脈(mo)沖(chong)充電(dian)時，變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器原(yuan)邊(bian)電(dian)源供電(dian)，主(zhu)開關管(guan)與同步整流(liu)管(guan)互補導通(tong)，加(jia)載負脈(mo)沖(chong)或進(jin)行放電(dian)時，變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器原(yuan)邊(bian)負載吸收來自副邊(bian)電(dian)池(chi)的能量，主(zhu)開關管(guan)與同步整流(liu)管(guan)仍互補導通(tong)。

進一步，在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)進行(xing)(xing)兩(liang)次電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)均(jun)衡(heng)(heng)。具(ju)體方法是，在(zai)恒(heng)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)階段結束(shu)時(shi)，停止充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，檢測(ce)對(dui)比(bi)各(ge)(ge)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，確定(ding)(ding)各(ge)(ge)路的(de)(de)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)；之(zhi)后(hou)開始間歇放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，此時(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)反激電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)同步整流(liu)MOSFET變為原邊開關管，原先(xian)的(de)(de)原邊開關管變為同步整流(liu)管；根據每(mei)路具(ju)體的(de)(de)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)確定(ding)(ding)各(ge)(ge)路開關管的(de)(de)占空(kong)比(bi)(荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)過(guo)大則(ze)使用(yong)大占空(kong)比(bi)，從而將(jiang)降低荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang))或直接關斷荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)過(guo)低的(de)(de)開關管，直至(zhi)間歇時(shi)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)均(jun)衡(heng)(heng)。大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)正負脈沖充電(dian)(dian)(dian)階段結束(shu)后(hou)給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)施加固定(ding)(ding)窄(zhai)脈寬的(de)(de)正負脈沖進行(xing)(xing)浮(fu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，在(zai)浮(fu)充間歇時(shi)檢測(ce)對(dui)比(bi)各(ge)(ge)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)確定(ding)(ding)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)并使用(yong)與(yu)恒(heng)流(liu)階段相(xiang)同的(de)(de)均(jun)衡(heng)(heng)方法進行(xing)(xing)均(jun)衡(heng)(heng)，直至(zhi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)結束(shu)。

進(jin)一(yi)步，在(zai)放電過程(cheng)中同樣(yang)進(jin)行電池(chi)均衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)。具體(ti)方法是(shi)，通過一(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)檢測各路電池(chi)電壓來確定各路是(shi)否均衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)，如各路電壓的(de)差值超(chao)過均衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)裕量時(shi)，削減(jian)過小(xiao)支路開關(guan)管(guan)(guan)的(de)占空比或直(zhi)(zhi)接關(guan)斷荷電量過低的(de)開關(guan)管(guan)(guan)，同時(shi)增大其他路開關(guan)管(guan)(guan)的(de)占空比以補足(zu)被削減(jian)的(de)功率，直(zhi)(zhi)至均衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)結束，這(zhe)樣(yang)可使電池(chi)在(zai)放電均衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)的(de)過程(cheng)中對外保(bao)持輸出不變，從而不影響用(yong)戶的(de)使用(yong)。

本發明(ming)充放電(dian)(dian)控制器集(ji)成蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)變脈寬大電(dian)(dian)流(liu)脈沖(chong)充電(dian)(dian)，提高了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)池的效(xiao)率和使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命，并相(xiang)對于(yu)傳統充電(dian)(dian)方式縮短(duan)了(le)(le)充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)；集(ji)成化節省(sheng)了(le)(le)空間(jian)，也(ye)省(sheng)去(qu)了(le)(le)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池時(shi)(shi)所需(xu)注意的各種(zhong)繁雜(za)事項，所有問題(ti)全部在集(ji)成蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池內部自行解決，不需(xu)要人工(gong)操作(zuo)；此外，同步整流(liu)管提高了(le)(le)系統效(xiao)率，用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)也(ye)無需(xu)另行設計充放電(dian)(dian)控制電(dian)(dian)路，節能的同時(shi)(shi)節約(yue)了(le)(le)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)。

附圖說明

為(wei)了更清楚地(di)(di)說明(ming)本發(fa)明(ming)實(shi)施例(li)或現(xian)有技(ji)(ji)術(shu)中的技(ji)(ji)術(shu)方案(an)，下面將對實(shi)施例(li)或現(xian)有技(ji)(ji)術(shu)描述中所需要使用的附圖(tu)作簡單(dan)地(di)(di)介紹，顯而易見(jian)地(di)(di)，下面描述中的附圖(tu)僅僅是本發(fa)明(ming)的一些實(shi)施例(li)，對于本領域普通技(ji)(ji)術(shu)人員(yuan)來講，在不(bu)付(fu)出創造性勞(lao)動的前提(ti)下，還可(ke)以根據這些附圖(tu)獲得其他的附圖(tu)。

附圖1為充放電控制器(qi)集成(cheng)蓄電池(chi)結(jie)構圖。

附圖2為脈(mo)沖充電器整體拓撲

附圖3為變脈寬脈沖充電(dian)示意圖

附(fu)圖4為充放電控制器系(xi)統程序(xu)流程圖

附圖5為(wei)正(zheng)脈(mo)沖(chong)充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)仿真結果(SOC：20％，50％，80％)

附圖6為正負脈沖(chong)充(chong)電電流仿(fang)真結果

附圖7為電(dian)池均衡(heng)仿真結果(guo)

附(fu)圖(tu)8為有源鉗(qian)位(wei)仿(fang)真結果

具體實施方式

下面結合實施例對(dui)本發(fa)明(ming)進行進一步說(shuo)明(ming)。

實施例1

一種(zhong)充(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)器集成(cheng)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，包括蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池本體、功率(lv)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)以及顯(xian)示部分，功率(lv)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)以多(duo)路(lu)(lu)輸出的(de)高(gao)頻隔離型(xing)DC-DC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，雙向(xiang)反激電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)為基(ji)礎與一些開(kai)關(guan)組合而成(cheng)，開(kai)關(guan)頻率(lv)采(cai)用高(gao)頻，檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)主要包括對變壓(ya)器一次側的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)Ui、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)Ii，每路(lu)(lu)輸出的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)Ub1-Ub6以及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池溫度T進(jin)行采(cai)樣(yang)，控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)以接收檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)信號進(jin)行處(chu)理并驅動各開(kai)關(guan)管(guan)開(kai)通與關(guan)斷，在使(shi)用過程(cheng)中，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可同時(shi)進(jin)行，采(cai)用正負脈沖進(jin)行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，使(shi)用變壓(ya)器原(yuan)邊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)及副邊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)確定充(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態，并在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)進(jin)行溫度補償(chang)。

功(gong)率主電路(lu)(lu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)多(duo)路(lu)(lu)輸出的高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)隔離型DC-DC電路(lu)(lu)，雙(shuang)向反激電路(lu)(lu)為基(ji)礎與一(yi)些開關(guan)組合而(er)成，使用反激為主電路(lu)(lu)的原(yuan)因是其電路(lu)(lu)結構(gou)非常簡單，體(ti)積小，成本低廉、性能良好且(qie)可靠性高(gao)(gao)，非常利于集成化，而(er)它能夠提(ti)供多(duo)路(lu)(lu)隔離輸出的特點正可以(yi)(yi)(yi)實(shi)現(xian)對(dui)每個電池單元的精(jing)確控制。同時，開關(guan)頻(pin)(pin)率采用高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)進一(yi)步減小變壓(ya)器的體(ti)積。

由于多路(lu)(lu)輸出的(de)每路(lu)(lu)輸出電(dian)壓(ya)很低(2V或3V左右)，普通(tong)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)管的(de)導(dao)通(tong)壓(ya)降(jiang)為0.7V，導(dao)通(tong)壓(ya)降(jiang)最小(xiao)的(de)肖(xiao)特基二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)管也(ye)有0.3V，如使用二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)管整流則會有大量功率損(sun)失在二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)管上，因此(ci)采用同步整流型MOSFET替代(dai)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)管，其導(dao)通(tong)漏(lou)源電(dian)阻最大僅為幾毫歐，在大充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流下也(ye)只有極(ji)小(xiao)的(de)損(sun)耗。與此(ci)同時，同步整流MOSFET還可以(yi)通(tong)過控制(zhi)各路(lu)(lu)的(de)導(dao)通(tong)與關(guan)斷(duan)來(lai)實現(xian)個電(dian)池單元之(zhi)間(jian)電(dian)池均(jun)衡。為了回收變壓(ya)器(qi)漏(lou)感(gan)能(neng)量提高(gao)控制(zhi)器(qi)效(xiao)率、鉗位(wei)(wei)變壓(ya)器(qi)原邊(bian)開(kai)關(guan)管關(guan)斷(duan)時的(de)沖(chong)激電(dian)壓(ya)并實現(xian)零電(dian)壓(ya)開(kai)通(tong)，同時也(ye)為集成(cheng)化考(kao)慮，減(jian)小(xiao)散熱面(mian)積以(yi)減(jian)小(xiao)體積，采用互補(bu)型有源鉗位(wei)(wei)技術。

進一步，功(gong)率主(zhu)電路(lu)多(duo)路(lu)輸(shu)出的(de)每路(lu)輸(shu)出電壓2V或(huo)3V左右(you)，同步整流(liu)型(xing)MOSFET替代二極管。

進一(yi)步，正脈沖充電(dian)時(shi)，變(bian)壓(ya)器原邊電(dian)源供電(dian)，主(zhu)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)管(guan)與同(tong)(tong)(tong)步整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)管(guan)互補(bu)(bu)導通(tong)，當檢(jian)測到(dao)每(mei)(mei)路電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)之差超(chao)過均(jun)衡裕量時(shi)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)電(dian)池(chi)均(jun)衡，具體方(fang)法是在特定的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)點斷開(kai)(kai)同(tong)(tong)(tong)步整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)管(guan)，待(dai)各支(zhi)路電(dian)壓(ya)均(jun)達到(dao)預設值時(shi)后再(zai)恢復(fu)與主(zhu)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)管(guan)互補(bu)(bu)導通(tong)，加載負脈沖或進行放電(dian)時(shi)，變(bian)壓(ya)器原邊為負載RL吸收來自副邊電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)能(neng)量，主(zhu)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)管(guan)與同(tong)(tong)(tong)步整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)管(guan)仍互補(bu)(bu)導通(tong)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)樣當檢(jian)測到(dao)每(mei)(mei)路電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)之差超(chao)過均(jun)衡裕量時(shi)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)電(dian)池(chi)均(jun)衡，具體方(fang)法是削減過小支(zhi)路整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)管(guan)的(de)(de)占空(kong)比，待(dai)各支(zhi)路荷電(dian)量均(jun)衡后再(zai)恢復(fu)與主(zhu)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)管(guan)互補(bu)(bu)導通(tong)。

所述的充(chong)放電(dian)控(kong)制器集成蓄電(dian)池在不同荷電(dian)狀態的脈沖進行精確充(chong)電(dian)的控(kong)制過程如(ru)下：

1)系統(tong)初始化后(hou)對Ui，Ub1-Ub6，Ii和T進(jin)行(xing)采(cai)樣，并求得Ub1-Ub6的平均值Ub，最小值Umin；若Ub低(di)于電池的放電截止電壓Ub.c時，關斷放電控制(zhi)開關S7、S8，進(jin)行(xing)過(guo)放電保護(hu)；

2)若(ruo)電池平均電壓(ya)大于截止(zhi)電壓(ya)則判(pan)斷各(ge)電池電壓(ya)與(yu)Umin的(de)差值是否大于均衡電壓(ya)，若(ruo)大于則關斷該路同(tong)步(bu)整(zheng)流(liu)管Sn，從而進行電池均衡管理，否則該路處于充(chong)電狀態(tai)，同(tong)步(bu)整(zheng)流(liu)管與(yu)主開(kai)關管互(hu)補導通；

3)在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中，若電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓Ub小于預設電(dian)(dian)壓值Ub.set，則(ze)以大電(dian)(dian)流進行恒流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，若Ub大于浮充(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓Uf，則(ze)以固定脈寬的窄脈沖進行浮充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，若Ub處(chu)于Ub.set與浮充(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓Uf之間(jian)，則(ze)根據公式(shi)計算脈寬：

$T_c\[k\]=T_c\[k-1\]-\frac{u_b\[k\]-u_b\[k-1\]}{u_{b,f}-u_{b,set}}\×0.9T_p$

隨著電(dian)池荷電(dian)量的(de)增加，電(dian)路以由寬到窄(zhai)的(de)電(dian)流脈沖對(dui)電(dian)池進行變脈寬充電(dian)，給電(dian)池施加符合(he)需要(yao)的(de)休(xiu)息時間，以提高充電(dian)接受(shou)比，提高充電(dian)接受(shou)電(dian)流，可(ke)打破(po)指(zhi)數曲線自然接受(shou)特性的(de)限(xian)制，實現(xian)快速充電(dian)并消除電(dian)池極化效(xiao)應，延長電(dian)池壽命；

4)在不(bu)同電池電壓條件下產生(sheng)需要(yao)的(de)充電脈沖(chong)的(de)同時，考慮(lv)電池溫度的(de)影響(xiang)，對采樣到的(de)電池溫度T進行溫度補償；

5)由于電池(chi)會(hui)隨其荷電量的(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)而在不(bu)(bu)同(tong)充電階段顯示出不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)外特性，普通的(de)PI閉(bi)環控(kong)(kong)制的(de)效果很不(bu)(bu)理想，因此采(cai)用模糊自(zi)適應(ying)整定(ding)PID，在線運行過(guo)程中(zhong)，控(kong)(kong)制系統通過(guo)對(dui)模糊邏(luo)輯規則的(de)結果處理、查表和(he)運算，完(wan)成對(dui)PID參數的(de)在線自(zi)校(xiao)正，從而實現(xian)對(dui)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)荷電狀態的(de)脈(mo)沖進(jin)行精確的(de)充電控(kong)(kong)制。

以(yi)上所述僅為本(ben)(ben)發(fa)明的較佳實(shi)施例，并不用以(yi)限制(zhi)本(ben)(ben)發(fa)明，凡在本(ben)(ben)發(fa)明的精神和(he)原則之(zhi)內，所作的任(ren)何修改、等(deng)同(tong)替換、改進等(deng)，均應包含在本(ben)(ben)發(fa)明的保(bao)護。