本發明涉及(ji)一種構件疲勞試驗數據采集及(ji)監測方法，具體為基于聲(sheng)-超(chao)聲(sheng)及(ji)聲(sheng)發射技(ji)術(shu)的構件疲勞試驗數據監測方法。

背景技術：

疲(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)斷裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)是機(ji)械構(gou)件(jian)(jian)失效的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)形式之一(yi)(yi)(yi)。機(ji)械構(gou)件(jian)(jian)承受交(jiao)變(bian)載(zai)荷(he)或應變(bian)時，會引起局部(bu)應力變(bian)化及內部(bu)缺(que)陷(xian)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，使(shi)得(de)力學性(xing)(xing)(xing)能下(xia)降，甚(shen)至(zhi)造成(cheng)構(gou)件(jian)(jian)疲(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)斷裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)，進而引發(fa)安(an)全事故。為此(ci)，對(dui)重要(yao)設備的(de)(de)(de)關鍵構(gou)件(jian)(jian)進行疲(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)試(shi)驗(yan)，并深(shen)入研究其(qi)疲(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)有(you)著迫切需求目(mu)(mu)前的(de)(de)(de)疲(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)試(shi)驗(yan)中有(you)關疲(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)、構(gou)件(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)獲(huo)(huo)取主要(yao)以目(mu)(mu)視檢(jian)查(cha)和簡單(dan)計量為主，即通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)肉眼觀(guan)測(ce)被測(ce)試(shi)件(jian)(jian)是否出(chu)現(xian)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，或者通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)停機(ji)使(shi)用千分尺等檢(jian)測(ce)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)大(da)小(xiao)等。這些方(fang)(fang)法(fa)存在(zai)效率(lv)低、難以實(shi)(shi)現(xian)自(zi)動(dong)化等局限性(xing)(xing)(xing)，難以獲(huo)(huo)取疲(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)萌生(sheng)、擴(kuo)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和斷裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)的(de)(de)(de)全過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)，且獲(huo)(huo)取的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)類型(xing)單(dan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)。為實(shi)(shi)現(xian)對(dui)疲(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)實(shi)(shi)時監控(kong)，授(shou)權公(gong)開(kai)號CN203572806U，授(shou)權公(gong)開(kai)日2014年4月30日的(de)(de)(de)專利文獻公(gong)開(kai)了一(yi)(yi)(yi)種疲(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)在(zai)線(xian)檢(jian)測(ce)系(xi)統，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)該系(xi)統可以實(shi)(shi)時監測(ce)疲(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)萌生(sheng)和擴(kuo)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，并能通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)顯微(wei)圖像采集裝置(zhi)實(shi)(shi)時獲(huo)(huo)取疲(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)圖像信號，上(shang)述聲發(fa)射檢(jian)測(ce)系(xi)統僅(jin)能觀(guan)察到加載(zai)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中疲(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化，無法(fa)獲(huo)(huo)知構(gou)件(jian)(jian)在(zai)靜載(zai)和卸載(zai)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)狀態信息(xi)，且難以獲(huo)(huo)知試(shi)件(jian)(jian)材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)力學性(xing)(xing)(xing)能變(bian)化情況(kuang)。申(shen)請公(gong)布(bu)號CN102253087A，公(gong)布(bu)日為2011年11月23日的(de)(de)(de)專利文獻公(gong)開(kai)了一(yi)(yi)(yi)種疲(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)擴(kuo)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)速(su)(su)率(lv)自(zi)動(dong)測(ce)量裝置(zhi)及方(fang)(fang)法(fa)，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)測(ce)量斷裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)線(xian)隨著試(shi)樣中疲(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)擴(kuo)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)而依次(ci)斷裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)，獲(huo)(huo)得(de)試(shi)樣疲(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)擴(kuo)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)參數(shu)(shu)，經過(guo)(guo)(guo)工控(kong)機(ji)處(chu)理，得(de)出(chu)疲(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)擴(kuo)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)速(su)(su)率(lv)，但(dan)該方(fang)(fang)法(fa)只能提(ti)供疲(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)擴(kuo)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)速(su)(su)率(lv)單(dan)方(fang)(fang)面信息(xi)，無法(fa)為構(gou)件(jian)(jian)疲(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)損傷特性(xing)(xing)(xing)研究提(ti)供更豐富(fu)更全面的(de)(de)(de)疲(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)試(shi)驗(yan)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)，因(yin)此(ci)需要(yao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種能夠(gou)提(ti)供更全面疲(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)試(shi)驗(yan)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)測(ce)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。

技術實現要素：

本發明是提供基于聲(sheng)-超聲(sheng)及聲(sheng)發射技術(shu)(shu)的構件疲勞試驗數據監測方(fang)(fang)法，該方(fang)(fang)法不僅能(neng)夠(gou)通過(guo)聲(sheng)發射技術(shu)(shu)監測疲勞試驗中被測試件在加載和卸(xie)載過(guo)程中疲勞裂(lie)紋(wen)的萌生和擴展，還(huan)能(neng)通過(guo)聲(sheng)-超聲(sheng)技術(shu)(shu)檢(jian)測疲勞試驗靜載時試件裂(lie)紋(wen)的狀態信(xin)息及其力學性能(neng)信(xin)息。

本發(fa)(fa)明采用的(de)技術方案：基于(yu)聲(sheng)(sheng)-超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)及(ji)聲(sheng)(sheng)發(fa)(fa)射技術的(de)構件(jian)(jian)(jian)疲(pi)勞試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)數據監(jian)測方法(fa)，其所采用的(de)監(jian)測裝置包括疲(pi)勞試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)機(ji)(ji)、被測試(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、工控機(ji)(ji)、四個(ge)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)換(huan)(huan)能(neng)器(qi)、超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)信號(hao)發(fa)(fa)生器(qi)、聲(sheng)(sheng)發(fa)(fa)射采集(ji)卡(ka)及(ji)切(qie)換(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)路。四個(ge)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)換(huan)(huan)能(neng)器(qi)分別安裝在所述被測試(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)兩端(duan)(duan)及(ji)兩側(ce)，且壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)換(huan)(huan)能(neng)器(qi)與(yu)被測試(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)間填充有耦(ou)合劑，超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)信號(hao)發(fa)(fa)生器(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)切(qie)換(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)路與(yu)試(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)一(yi)端(duan)(duan)的(de)兩個(ge)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)換(huan)(huan)能(neng)器(qi)連接，被測試(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)另一(yi)端(duan)(duan)的(de)兩個(ge)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)換(huan)(huan)能(neng)器(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)帶通(tong)(tong)(tong)濾波器(qi)、前置放大器(qi)與(yu)聲(sheng)(sheng)發(fa)(fa)射采集(ji)卡(ka)連接，聲(sheng)(sheng)發(fa)(fa)射采集(ji)卡(ka)與(yu)工控機(ji)(ji)連接，工控機(ji)(ji)與(yu)疲(pi)勞試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)機(ji)(ji)建立通(tong)(tong)(tong)訊，工控機(ji)(ji)可以(yi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)獲取疲(pi)勞試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)機(ji)(ji)工作狀態(tai)來控制切(qie)換(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)路的(de)工作。

所述(shu)切換(huan)電(dian)(dian)路如圖3所示，包(bao)括控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)、電(dian)(dian)阻R、NPN晶體(ti)管、二(er)極管、繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)。其中(zhong)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)與(yu)工控(kong)機相(xiang)連(lian)，開(kai)關K1、K2的固定(ding)觸點(dian)端(duan)分別與(yu)試(shi)(shi)件一端(duan)的兩個壓電(dian)(dian)換(huan)能(neng)器(qi)相(xiang)連(lian)，觸點(dian)a、c端(duan)與(yu)超(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)信號(hao)發(fa)生器(qi)相(xiang)連(lian)，觸點(dian)b、d端(duan)與(yu)濾波器(qi)相(xiang)連(lian)，開(kai)關K1、K2分別與(yu)觸點(dian)b、d閉合是其初(chu)始(shi)狀(zhuang)態，其中(zhong)開(kai)關K1、K2可(ke)(ke)手動(dong)進行切換(huan)。當(dang)(dang)被(bei)測試(shi)(shi)件加載時(shi)，工控(kong)機通過與(yu)疲(pi)勞(lao)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)機通訊，獲(huo)知(zhi)疲(pi)勞(lao)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)機處(chu)(chu)(chu)于加載狀(zhuang)態，向控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)發(fa)送(song)等待(dai)指令(ling)，繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)線(xian)圈不(bu)通電(dian)(dian)，開(kai)關K1、K2不(bu)動(dong)作(zuo)，監測系統(tong)處(chu)(chu)(chu)于聲(sheng)(sheng)發(fa)射監測模(mo)式(shi)，當(dang)(dang)被(bei)測試(shi)(shi)件靜載時(shi)，工控(kong)機可(ke)(ke)以獲(huo)知(zhi)疲(pi)勞(lao)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)機處(chu)(chu)(chu)于靜載狀(zhuang)態，向控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)發(fa)送(song)動(dong)作(zuo)指令(ling)，繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)線(xian)圈通電(dian)(dian)，開(kai)關K1、K2動(dong)作(zuo)，監測系統(tong)處(chu)(chu)(chu)于聲(sheng)(sheng)-超(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)檢測模(mo)式(shi)。

在對被測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)件(jian)加載時(shi)，監測(ce)(ce)系統處于(yu)聲發射監測(ce)(ce)模式，通過壓電換能(neng)器(qi)(qi)實時(shi)采集(ji)被測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)件(jian)中由于(yu)疲勞裂紋萌(meng)生(sheng)(sheng)、擴展產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的聲發射信(xin)號，經(jing)帶通濾(lv)波器(qi)(qi)濾(lv)波與(yu)前置放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)，由聲發射采集(ji)卡(ka)接收(shou)(shou)，再傳(chuan)送到(dao)工控機(ji)進行儲(chu)存(cun)，當(dang)被測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)件(jian)靜(jing)載時(shi)，監測(ce)(ce)系統切(qie)換到(dao)聲-超聲檢測(ce)(ce)模式，由超聲信(xin)號發生(sheng)(sheng)器(qi)(qi)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)激勵信(xin)號，經(jing)與(yu)其相連的壓電換能(neng)器(qi)(qi)轉換成超聲波傳(chuan)入被測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)件(jian)中，再傳(chuan)入被測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)件(jian)另(ling)一端的壓電換能(neng)器(qi)(qi)，經(jing)帶通濾(lv)波器(qi)(qi)濾(lv)波與(yu)前置放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)，由聲發射采集(ji)卡(ka)接收(shou)(shou)，再傳(chuan)送到(dao)工控機(ji)進行儲(chu)存(cun)。

隨著在(zai)被測試件上進(jin)行(xing)加載(zai)循環，直至試件斷裂結束(shu)試驗。將(jiang)工控機中(zhong)記(ji)錄(lu)的聲發射信(xin)號(hao)與(yu)聲-超聲信(xin)號(hao)提取出來(lai)，分別(bie)進(jin)行(xing)分析處理。

本發明(ming)與現有(you)技術相比，具(ju)有(you)如下優點：

自動完成疲勞(lao)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)機加載(zai)、卸載(zai)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)構(gou)件(jian)(jian)裂紋數據監測及靜(jing)載(zai)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)構(gou)件(jian)(jian)性能狀態數據的(de)檢測，經過分析處理采集到的(de)聲發射(she)與聲-超聲信(xin)號，可(ke)以(yi)獲(huo)知疲勞(lao)裂紋分布情況、裂紋數量(liang)增長率以(yi)及試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)被測試(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)力學(xue)性能變化情況等信(xin)息。由此可(ke)對被測試(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)進行動態評價，為(wei)構(gou)件(jian)(jian)疲勞(lao)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)和材料疲勞(lao)損傷研究提供(gong)更(geng)全(quan)面的(de)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)數據。

附圖說明

圖1為疲勞試(shi)驗監測(ce)系統示意(yi)圖；

圖(tu)2為壓電換能(neng)器布置圖(tu)；

圖(tu)3為切換電路原(yuan)理圖(tu)；

圖(tu)4為聲發射(she)監測模式原(yuan)理圖(tu)；

圖5為聲(sheng)-超聲(sheng)檢測模式原理圖。

具體實施方式

下面(mian)結(jie)合(he)附圖和實(shi)施例對(dui)本發明(ming)(ming)進一步說明(ming)(ming)。

如圖1與(yu)(yu)(yu)如圖2所示，本發(fa)(fa)明中的基于聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)-超聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)及聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)發(fa)(fa)射(she)技術(shu)的構件(jian)(jian)疲(pi)勞試(shi)驗(yan)數(shu)據(ju)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)方法，其所采(cai)用的監(jian)測(ce)(ce)裝(zhuang)置包括疲(pi)勞試(shi)驗(yan)機(1)、被(bei)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)件(jian)(jian)(2)、工(gong)控機(5)、壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)能(neng)(neng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(9)、壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)能(neng)(neng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(10)、壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)能(neng)(neng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(11)、壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)能(neng)(neng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(12)、超聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)信號發(fa)(fa)生器(qi)(qi)(qi)(4)、聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)發(fa)(fa)射(she)采(cai)集(ji)卡(ka)(6)及切(qie)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(3)。四個壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)能(neng)(neng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)如圖2所示分別安(an)裝(zhuang)在所述被(bei)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)件(jian)(jian)(2)兩端(duan)及兩側，壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)能(neng)(neng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)被(bei)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)件(jian)(jian)間填充有耦合劑，超聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)信號發(fa)(fa)生器(qi)(qi)(qi)(4)通(tong)過切(qie)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(3)與(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)件(jian)(jian)(2)一(yi)端(duan)的壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)能(neng)(neng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(9)、壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)能(neng)(neng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(11)連接(jie)，被(bei)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)件(jian)(jian)另一(yi)端(duan)的壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)能(neng)(neng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(10)、壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)能(neng)(neng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(12)通(tong)過帶通(tong)濾波器(qi)(qi)(qi)(8)、前置放大器(qi)(qi)(qi)(7)與(yu)(yu)(yu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)發(fa)(fa)射(she)采(cai)集(ji)卡(ka)(6)連接(jie)，聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)發(fa)(fa)射(she)采(cai)集(ji)卡(ka)(6)與(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)控機(5)連接(jie)，工(gong)控機(5)與(yu)(yu)(yu)疲(pi)勞試(shi)驗(yan)機(1)建立通(tong)訊。

如(ru)(ru)圖(tu)3所示(shi)，所述(shu)切換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路包括控制(zhi)器(qi)(31)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(32)、NPN晶(jing)體管(guan)(33)、二極管(guan)(34)、繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(35)，被(bei)測試(shi)件(jian)(jian)加載時，由工控機(5)向控制(zhi)器(qi)(31)發送等待(dai)命(ming)(ming)令(ling)，控制(zhi)器(qi)(31)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路輸入低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平，繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)線圈不(bu)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，開(kai)關K1，K2分(fen)別與觸點b，d接(jie)觸，裝置(zhi)處于如(ru)(ru)圖(tu)4所示(shi)聲(sheng)(sheng)發射監測模式(shi)(shi)，被(bei)測試(shi)件(jian)(jian)靜(jing)載時，由工控機(5)向控制(zhi)器(qi)(31)發送動作(zuo)命(ming)(ming)令(ling)，控制(zhi)器(qi)(31)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路輸入高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平，繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)線圈通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，開(kai)關K1，K2分(fen)別與觸點a，c接(jie)觸，裝置(zhi)處于如(ru)(ru)圖(tu)5所示(shi)聲(sheng)(sheng)-超聲(sheng)(sheng)檢測模式(shi)(shi)。

下面以鋁合金被(bei)測(ce)試件為(wei)例，對本發明(ming)的(de)具(ju)體實施過程進行說明(ming)。本實例采用(yong)(yong)的(de)超聲(sheng)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)發生器(qi)(qi)(4)激勵頻率范圍為(wei)100kHz-1MHz、激勵電(dian)壓為(wei)300V，所(suo)述壓電(dian)換能器(qi)(qi)中心(xin)頻率為(wei)500KHZ，所(suo)述帶(dai)通濾波器(qi)(qi)中心(xin)頻率為(wei)1050KHz，通帶(dai)寬度為(wei)1.9MHz，所(suo)述聲(sheng)發射信(xin)號(hao)(hao)采集卡(ka)(6)選用(yong)(yong)PCI-2信(xin)號(hao)(hao)采集卡(ka)，所(suo)述前置放(fang)大(da)器(qi)(qi)(7)選用(yong)(yong)2/4/6型，放(fang)大(da)倍數選擇40倍，耦合劑選用(yong)(yong)凡(fan)士林。

首先，對(dui)聲(sheng)-超聲(sheng)檢(jian)測模式(shi)(shi)和聲(sheng)發射監(jian)測模式(shi)(shi)進行調試和校準(zhun)，具體過程如下：手動(dong)閉合繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)開(kai)關(guan)，使得(de)監(jian)測系統(tong)處(chu)于聲(sheng)-超聲(sheng)檢(jian)測模式(shi)(shi)，通(tong)過超聲(sheng)信(xin)號(hao)發生器(qi)(qi)(4)產生500kHz的正弦周期(qi)信(xin)號(hao)激勵壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)換(huan)能器(qi)(qi)(9)、壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)換(huan)能器(qi)(qi)(11)，觀(guan)察壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)換(huan)能器(qi)(qi)(10)、壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)換(huan)能器(qi)(qi)(12)的接收(shou)信(xin)號(hao)，調整壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)換(huan)能器(qi)(qi)(9)、壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)換(huan)能器(qi)(qi)(10)、壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)換(huan)能器(qi)(qi)(11)、壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)換(huan)能器(qi)(qi)(12)的耦合狀態，使得(de)接收(shou)信(xin)號(hao)幅(fu)值最大(da)；然(ran)后手動(dong)復位繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)開(kai)關(guan)，使得(de)監(jian)測系統(tong)處(chu)于聲(sheng)發射監(jian)測模式(shi)(shi)，利(li)用(yong)斷鉛(qian)實驗對(dui)聲(sheng)發射軟件中各參數進行調整，使得(de)接收(shou)信(xin)號(hao)能量最大(da)。

根據《GB/T 3075-2008金屬材料疲勞試驗軸向力控制方法》，采用如圖2所示矩形截面的標準試樣，在疲勞試驗機的操作界面中將最大應力σ_max設置為100KN，應力比選用正弦波波形，頻率設為2.5Hz，其中應力比R表示在疲勞試驗中任一個單循環的最小應力σ_min與最大應力σ_max比值。

其(qi)次，開始疲(pi)勞試驗及疲(pi)勞試驗數據監(jian)測(ce)。

當被測試件(2)加載時(shi)，工(gong)控(kong)機(5)通(tong)過與疲(pi)(pi)勞(lao)試驗機(1)通(tong)訊，獲知疲(pi)(pi)勞(lao)試驗機(1)處于(yu)加載狀態，工(gong)控(kong)機(5)向控(kong)制器(qi)(31)發(fa)送(song)等(deng)待命令(ling)，切換(huan)電路(3)不動(dong)作，監測系統處于(yu)聲發(fa)射監測模式(shi)，通(tong)過壓(ya)電換(huan)能(neng)器(qi)(9)、壓(ya)電換(huan)能(neng)器(qi)(11)、壓(ya)電換(huan)能(neng)器(qi)(10)和壓(ya)電換(huan)能(neng)器(qi)(12)實時(shi)采集(ji)被測試件中由(you)于(yu)疲(pi)(pi)勞(lao)裂紋萌生(sheng)、擴(kuo)展產(chan)生(sheng)的聲發(fa)射信號(hao)，經帶(dai)通(tong)濾(lv)波器(qi)(8)濾(lv)波與前置放(fang)大器(qi)(7)放(fang)大處理，由(you)聲發(fa)射采集(ji)卡(6)接收，再傳(chuan)送(song)到工(gong)控(kong)機(5)進行儲(chu)存。

當被(bei)測試件(jian)靜載時，工控(kong)機(5)通(tong)過與疲勞試驗(yan)機(1)通(tong)訊，獲知疲勞試驗(yan)機(1)處(chu)于靜載狀(zhuang)態，由工控(kong)機(5)向控(kong)制器(qi)(31)發送(song)動(dong)作(zuo)命令，切換電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(3)動(dong)作(zuo)，監測系統進(jin)入(ru)聲-超(chao)聲檢測模(mo)式(shi)，超(chao)聲信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)發生器(qi)(4)先后(hou)對壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)換能器(qi)(9)、壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)換能器(qi)(11)產(chan)生激(ji)勵信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)傳(chuan)入(ru)被(bei)測試件(jian)(2)中(zhong)，然后(hou)分別由接(jie)收聲-超(chao)聲信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)用的壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)換能器(qi)(10)、壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)換能器(qi)(12)接(jie)收聲-超(chao)聲信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)，經帶通(tong)濾(lv)波器(qi)(8)濾(lv)波與前置放大器(qi)(7)放大處(chu)理(li)，由聲發射(she)采集卡(ka)(6)接(jie)收，再傳(chuan)送(song)到工控(kong)機(5)進(jin)行儲存。

最后，進行疲勞試驗(yan)的(de)(de)加載循(xun)環，直至試件(jian)(jian)斷裂或達到設置的(de)(de)循(xun)環次(ci)數(shu)后，結束試驗(yan)。將工控(kong)機中記錄(lu)的(de)(de)聲(sheng)發射信(xin)號(hao)與聲(sheng)超(chao)聲(sheng)信(xin)號(hao)提取出來，用于后續的(de)(de)構件(jian)(jian)疲勞試驗(yan)過(guo)程(cheng)中裂紋狀態變(bian)化(hua)及構件(jian)(jian)性能變(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)分析(xi)。