本發明涉及(ji)一(yi)種(zhong)電磁(ci)閥單元，具體地說(shuo)涉及(ji)一(yi)種(zhong)機動車輛的氣動閥、氣動彈簧和氣動彈簧系統。

背景技術：

1、已知例如在多腔室氣(qi)(qi)動彈(dan)簧(huang)或減震器中針對流體采用電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥，即氣(qi)(qi)動和/或液壓電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥，以便將(jiang)額外空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)容積連接(jie)到基(ji)礎空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)容積或將(jiang)其(qi)分離，并因此(ci)改變氣(qi)(qi)動彈(dan)簧(huang)的(de)(de)減震性質。分配(pei)給車輛(liang)的(de)(de)不(bu)同氣(qi)(qi)動彈(dan)簧(huang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥的(de)(de)通常中央驅(qu)動和調節裝置(zhi)(例如輪(lun)軸控制或底盤控制裝置(zhi))按(an)每(mei)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥提供(gong)(gong)一個供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路以用于相應電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)線(xian)圈的(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)能。不(bu)過，具(ju)有三個或更(geng)多個氣(qi)(qi)動腔室的(de)(de)多腔室氣(qi)(qi)動彈(dan)簧(huang)也(ye)是已知的(de)(de)，其(qi)中相應地設置(zhi)兩個或更(geng)多個電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥，以使得(de)必須對應地提供(gong)(gong)大量供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路。

技術實現思路

1、本發明的(de)目的(de)是(shi)簡化電磁閥的(de)調節(jie)并減少布(bu)線工作，尤其是(shi)在(zai)車輛中采用(yong)氣動彈(dan)簧和/或(huo)多腔室氣動彈(dan)簧的(de)情況下。

2、此目的(de)通過獨(du)立權利(li)要求項的(de)主題(ti)來實(shi)現(xian)。在(zai)從屬權利(li)要求中陳述了優選(xuan)的(de)實(shi)施例和(he)改進。

3、根據本(ben)發(fa)明的(de)電(dian)(dian)磁閥單元包(bao)(bao)括電(dian)(dian)磁閥和(集成(cheng))電(dian)(dian)子(zi)器件，所述電(dian)(dian)子(zi)器件優選地被設(she)置用于驅動(dong)電(dian)(dian)磁閥和/或(huo)包(bao)(bao)括恰好一個(ge)、兩個(ge)或(huo)多個(ge)傳(chuan)感器或(huo)由恰好一個(ge)、兩個(ge)或(huo)多個(ge)傳(chuan)感器組成(cheng)，尤其優選地是恰好一個(ge)、兩個(ge)或(huo)多個(ge)壓力傳(chuan)感器。

4、根據本發明的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)單(dan)元是預組(zu)(zu)(zu)裝、獨立和(he)/或(huo)(huo)緊(jin)湊的(de)(de)構造群組(zu)(zu)(zu)或(huo)(huo)構造單(dan)元，其(qi)包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)或(huo)(huo)由(you)其(qi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)，以使得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(構造性地(di))集成(cheng)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)單(dan)元中，即，形成(cheng)集成(cheng)或(huo)(huo)構造性地(di)集成(cheng)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)。在最簡(jian)單(dan)的(de)(de)情況下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)單(dan)元因此(ci)由(you)具有(構造性地(di)集成(cheng)的(de)(de))電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)，其(qi)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)被設置以用于(yu)驅(qu)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)或(huo)(huo)其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)構造元件(jian)(驅(qu)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian))和(he)/或(huo)(huo)包括一(yi)個或(huo)(huo)多個傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)或(huo)(huo)由(you)一(yi)個或(huo)(huo)多個傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)，尤其(qi)是一(yi)個或(huo)(huo)兩個壓(ya)力傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。

5、根據本發(fa)明的電(dian)磁(ci)閥單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)優(you)選地(di)(di)具(ju)有(you)(you)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(電(dian)磁(ci)閥單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti))，所述(shu)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)圍(wei)封電(dian)磁(ci)閥和電(dian)子器件并(bing)形(xing)成共同殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)。所述(shu)電(dian)磁(ci)閥單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)通常由兩個(ge)或多個(ge)部(bu)件或部(bu)分殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)組成，并(bing)且(qie)當(dang)按(an)預期使用(yong)時形(xing)成復(fu)合(he)(he)和/或共同構造元(yuan)件或殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)。兩個(ge)、多個(ge)或所有(you)(you)部(bu)分殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)可在此(ci)處不可分離(li)地(di)(di)互連(lian)(單(dan)(dan)件式殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti))。電(dian)磁(ci)閥單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)優(you)選地(di)(di)是閉合(he)(he)和/或防水、防飛濺和/或氣密(mi)的，和/或電(dian)磁(ci)閥單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)優(you)選地(di)(di)(僅或恰好)具(ju)有(you)(you)下文(wen)所描述(shu)的流體(ti)(ti)(ti)連(lian)接器和電(dian)連(lian)接器和/或接口(kou)。

6、電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)單(dan)元(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)/或(huo)(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)單(dan)元(yuan)殼(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)優(you)選(xuan)地(di)具有(恰好)兩個流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)器(qi)(qi)，優(you)選(xuan)地(di)是徑向連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)器(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)軸向連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)器(qi)(qi)，其取決于(yu)(yu)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)流(liu)(liu)動方向而形(xing)成流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)入(ru)口(kou)和(he)(he)(he)/或(huo)(huo)(huo)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)出口(kou)。電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)優(you)選(xuan)地(di)被設置(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)氣(qi)動電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)或(huo)(huo)(huo)還(huan)被設置(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)液壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)單(dan)元(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)/或(huo)(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)單(dan)元(yuan)殼(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)還(huan)優(you)選(xuan)地(di)具有(恰好)兩個(向外安置(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)布置(zhi)(zhi)在殼(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)中)電(dian)(dian)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)器(qi)(qi)(例(li)如，插(cha)(cha)座、插(cha)(cha)塞、插(cha)(cha)入(ru)式插(cha)(cha)座、電(dian)(dian)纜)。電(dian)(dian)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)器(qi)(qi)優(you)選(xuan)地(di)為(wei)(wei)用于(yu)(yu)供電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(通常為(wei)(wei)12v、24v或(huo)(huo)(huo)48v的(de)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)續施加的(de)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))的(de)供電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)器(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)用于(yu)(yu)控制線(xian)(xian)(例(li)如，總(zong)線(xian)(xian)或(huo)(huo)(huo)標準總(zong)線(xian)(xian)，諸如can總(zong)線(xian)(xian)(控制器(qi)(qi)區域網(wang)絡(luo))、lin總(zong)線(xian)(xian)(本地(di)互連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)絡(luo))、can-fd總(zong)線(xian)(xian)或(huo)(huo)(huo)flexray總(zong)線(xian)(xian))的(de)控制或(huo)(huo)(huo)總(zong)線(xian)(xian)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)器(qi)(qi)。電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)單(dan)元(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)/或(huo)(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)單(dan)元(yuan)殼(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)尤其優(you)選(xuan)地(di)另外不具有任(ren)何其它流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)器(qi)(qi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)器(qi)(qi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)口(kou)。

7、供電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)例(li)如(ru)通(tong)過車載網絡(通(tong)用電(dian)壓(ya)電(dian)源)傳(chuan)遞(di)，并且供電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)連(lian)(lian)接器(qi)優(you)選地為雙極的(de)。控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)連(lian)(lian)接器(qi)是(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)/或(huo)(huo)通(tong)信連(lian)(lian)接器(qi)，經(jing)由所述控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)連(lian)(lian)接器(qi)優(you)選地僅傳(chuan)輸(無(wu)功(gong)率)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)信號(例(li)如(ru)從總線上(shang)的(de)上(shang)級控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置或(huo)(huo)通(tong)信伙伴傳(chuan)輸)，并且控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)連(lian)(lian)接器(qi)優(you)選地僅針(zhen)對無(wu)功(gong)率控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)信號或(huo)(huo)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)壓(ya)而布(bu)置。控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)連(lian)(lian)接器(qi)優(you)選地為車輛中例(li)如(ru)can或(huo)(huo)lin總線等標(biao)準總線的(de)接口(kou)，且為例(li)如(ru)單極或(huo)(huo)雙極和(he)/或(huo)(huo)雙芯、三芯或(huo)(huo)四(si)芯。此外，電(dian)磁閥單元殼體還可具有預定機(ji)械接口(kou)(凸(tu)耳(er)、凹槽、凹陷等)和(he)/或(huo)(huo)密封裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置，用于例(li)如(ru)在預定義(yi)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)情況下(xia)進行機(ji)械安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)和(he)/或(huo)(huo)用于密封。

8、根據(ju)本發明的(de)變型中(zhong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)單(dan)元(yuan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)器件(jian)被設置(zhi)以用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(電(dian)(dian)氣地(di))驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)，尤其用(yong)于(yu)(yu)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)的(de)所(suo)有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)組件(jian)和/或電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)組件(jian)。電(dian)(dian)子(zi)器件(jian)相應地(di)為電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)提(ti)供完整供能(neng)，即(ji)所(suo)有(you)(you)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動和控制電(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)流。相應地(di)，優選地(di)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)的(de)所(suo)有(you)(you)供電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(僅/專門(men))通(tong)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)器件(jian)。

9、電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)器件(jian)(jian)優(you)選地(di)被配(pei)置(zhi)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)單(dan)元，即，被配(pei)置(zhi)為構(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)單(dan)元，其中設置(zhi)(構(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)性(xing)地(di)集成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de))電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)器件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)選地(di)所有組件(jian)(jian)或(huo)(huo)(huo)構(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)元件(jian)(jian)或(huo)(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)構(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)元件(jian)(jian)，優(you)選地(di)以緊湊(cou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)或(huo)(huo)(huo)節省(sheng)空間的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式布(bu)置(zhi)和/或(huo)(huo)(huo)布(bu)置(zhi)在(恰好(hao))一個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板(ban)上或(huo)(huo)(huo)在兩個(ge)或(huo)(huo)(huo)多個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板(ban)上。電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)構(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)元件(jian)(jian)優(you)選地(di)為集成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)構(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)元件(jian)(jian)或(huo)(huo)(huo)集成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(integrated?circuit，ic)元件(jian)(jian)。在最簡單(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)器件(jian)(jian)僅包括集成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)構(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)元件(jian)(jian)和/或(huo)(huo)(huo)恰好(hao)一個(ge)集成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)構(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)元件(jian)(jian)或(huo)(huo)(huo)由其組成(cheng)(cheng)。

10、電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥具有至(zhi)少一(yi)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)線圈，優(you)選地(di)恰好一(yi)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)線圈，尤其(qi)優(you)選地(di)為僅有的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)組件或電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)組件。電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)器件或電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)單元接(jie)著被設置以傳遞、發射和/或產生線圈電(dian)(dian)(dian)流或電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)線圈的(de)所有切換(huan)(huan)和/或保持電(dian)(dian)(dian)流以接(jie)近并(bing)可選地(di)保持切換(huan)(huan)位置或端(duan)部位置，并(bing)因此(ci)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)地(di))驅動電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥。

11、相(xiang)應(ying)地(di)(di)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)器件(jian)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)著優選地(di)(di)直接(jie)且緊(jin)密地(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)連接(jie)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)，并且相(xiang)應(ying)地(di)(di)不存在(zai)位于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)器件(jian)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)構造元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)或切(qie)換單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)。舉(ju)例來說，總共(僅(jin))恰好兩個(ge)單(dan)(dan)芯(xin)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)器件(jian)與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)之(zhi)間延伸，所述供電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)每一(yi)(yi)者(zhe)直接(jie)通向電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)兩個(ge)連接(jie)器中(zhong)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)者(zhe)。

12、另外，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)器件(jian)(jian)或(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)優(you)選(xuan)地(di)(di)具有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)殼體(例如，插(cha)(cha)座(zuo)、插(cha)(cha)塞、插(cha)(cha)入(ru)式插(cha)(cha)座(zuo)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan))的(de)所(suo)有(you)(向外安置的(de)或(huo)(huo)外部)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)連接(jie)器。相應地(di)(di)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)器件(jian)(jian)或(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)優(you)選(xuan)地(di)(di)具有(you)用(yong)于(yu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(恰(qia)好(hao))一個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)連接(jie)器和(he)用(yong)于(yu)控制線(xian)(xian)或(huo)(huo)總線(xian)(xian)的(de)(恰(qia)好(hao))一個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)連接(jie)器。根據控制線(xian)(xian)的(de)控制信(xin)號，例如經由總線(xian)(xian)的(de)信(xin)息(xi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)器件(jian)(jian)由此(ci)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)，并在最簡單(dan)的(de)情況下借助(zhu)于(yu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)產生用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)的(de)所(suo)有(you)驅(qu)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。

13、相應地(di)(di)(di)，電子(zi)器(qi)件優選地(di)(di)(di)具有(you)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)邏(luo)輯(ji)(ji)(ji)，尤其(qi)包括(kuo)微處理器(qi)或(huo)專用集(ji)成電路(asic)，所述控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)邏(luo)輯(ji)(ji)(ji)被設置(zhi)以例(li)如作為總線(xian)參與者工作，或(huo)一般(ban)作為經(jing)由控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)對控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)信號的(de)接(jie)(jie)收器(qi)和(he)/或(huo)發(fa)射器(qi)工作。控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)邏(luo)輯(ji)(ji)(ji)還被設置(zhi)以例(li)如預先(xian)確(que)定(ding)(ding)電磁線(xian)圈(quan)的(de)供能持續時間和(he)水(shui)平和(he)/或(huo)作出關(guan)于切換過程的(de)觸(chu)發(fa)或(huo)切換電流的(de)發(fa)射的(de)決策，例(li)如基于經(jing)由控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)連接(jie)(jie)的(de)上級控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)裝置(zhi)的(de)一般(ban)規定(ding)(ding)。相應地(di)(di)(di)，電子(zi)器(qi)件或(huo)電子(zi)單元是(shi)智能單元。

14、另外，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)器(qi)件(jian)優(you)選(xuan)地(di)(di)具(ju)有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)器(qi)件(jian)，所(suo)述電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)器(qi)件(jian)根據供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)被(bei)設(she)置(zhi)以(yi)產生所(suo)有(you)驅動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，尤(you)其是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)的(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)或所(suo)有(you)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，例如(ru)(ru)切換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)和/或保持電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。在(zai)最簡單(dan)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)器(qi)件(jian)被(bei)設(she)置(zhi)以(yi)通過(簡單(dan)地(di)(di))通過供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)連接(jie)而產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)的(de)(de)供(gong)能，即線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，具(ju)體地(di)(di)說(shuo)切換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)以(yi)及(ji)可選(xuan)地(di)(di)還(huan)有(you)保持電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，以(yi)使(shi)得在(zai)最簡單(dan)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)器(qi)件(jian)被(bei)設(she)置(zhi)以(yi)在(zai)預定(ding)持續(xu)時間內直接(jie)或緊密地(di)(di)切換(huan)或施加供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)的(de)(de)供(gong)應線(xian)(xian)路(lu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)具(ju)有(you)例如(ru)(ru)在(zai)4歐(ou)姆(mu)與8歐(ou)姆(mu)之間的(de)(de)歐(ou)姆(mu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，尤(you)其為6歐(ou)姆(mu)，以(yi)使(shi)得例如(ru)(ru)從(cong)12v的(de)(de)所(suo)施加供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)產生2a的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。

15、當電(dian)子器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)被(bei)執行為(wei)電(dian)子單元(yuan)(yuan)，即被(bei)執行為(wei)構(gou)造單元(yuan)(yuan)時，電(dian)子單元(yuan)(yuan)優選(xuan)地(di)(di)直接(jie)且(qie)緊密地(di)(di)布(bu)(bu)置在(zai)電(dian)磁(ci)閥(其(qi)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)電(dian)磁(ci)閥單元(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(另一)構(gou)造單元(yuan)(yuan))上(shang)并固定地(di)(di)連接(jie)到其(qi)上(shang)(例(li)如(ru)經(jing)由旋擰、焊接(jie)、卡扣、壓接(jie)和/或(huo)(huo)粘合劑連接(jie))。電(dian)子單元(yuan)(yuan)優選(xuan)地(di)(di)還包括(閉合或(huo)(huo)開放、單件(jian)(jian)(jian)式或(huo)(huo)多件(jian)(jian)(jian)式)殼(ke)(ke)體(ti)，兩個電(dian)連接(jie)器(qi)(qi)布(bu)(bu)置在(zai)所述殼(ke)(ke)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)外部，和/或(huo)(huo)所述殼(ke)(ke)體(ti)(完全(quan))圍封電(dian)子器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)剩(sheng)余(yu)組件(jian)(jian)(jian)和/或(huo)(huo)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)電(dian)磁(ci)閥單元(yuan)(yuan)殼(ke)(ke)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)殼(ke)(ke)體(ti)。電(dian)子單元(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)殼(ke)(ke)體(ti)優選(xuan)地(di)(di)與電(dian)磁(ci)閥或(huo)(huo)電(dian)磁(ci)閥的(de)(de)(de)殼(ke)(ke)體(ti)(或(huo)(huo)部分(fen)殼(ke)(ke)體(ti))一起形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)電(dian)磁(ci)閥單元(yuan)(yuan)殼(ke)(ke)體(ti)作為(wei)共(gong)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)復合殼(ke)(ke)體(ti)。

16、在根據本發明(ming)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥單(dan)元(yuan)中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)子單(dan)元(yuan)有(you)利地被布置(zhi)成在空(kong)間上緊鄰電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥或其電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)線(xian)圈，以使(shi)得電(dian)(dian)(dian)子單(dan)元(yuan)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)線(xian)圈之(zhi)間的(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)有(you)利地較短。這里電(dian)(dian)(dian)子單(dan)元(yuan)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)線(xian)圈之(zhi)間的(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)優(you)選地完(wan)全在電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥單(dan)元(yuan)殼體內延伸。

17、電磁閥(fa)(fa)包括閥(fa)(fa)區段(duan)(duan)和致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)區段(duan)(duan)或(huo)磁體致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)區段(duan)(duan)或(huo)以(yi)本身已知的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)由(you)其(qi)(qi)組成(cheng)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)區段(duan)(duan)經(jing)由(you)可(ke)例如沿著電磁閥(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)縱(zong)向軸線線性地(di)移動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)以(yi)機械(xie)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)或(huo)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)閥(fa)(fa)區段(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)閥(fa)(fa)或(huo)流(liu)體閥(fa)(fa)。電磁閥(fa)(fa)還優(you)選地(di)被設置(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)在(恰好)兩個不(bu)同切換位置(zhi)(zhi)操作，所述兩個不(bu)同切換位置(zhi)(zhi)尤其(qi)(qi)優(you)選地(di)與(yu)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)或(huo)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)端部位置(zhi)(zhi)一致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。相(xiang)應地(di)，電磁閥(fa)(fa)優(you)選地(di)為(wei)2/2開(kai)關閥(fa)(fa)。閥(fa)(fa)還優(you)選地(di)為(wei)座(zuo)閥(fa)(fa)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(通(tong)過致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian))可(ke)移動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)與(yu)靜(jing)止(zhi)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)座(zuo)相(xiang)互作用。兩個切換位置(zhi)(zhi)隨后一方(fang)面(mian)通(tong)過閥(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)閉合位置(zhi)(zhi)(其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)以(yi)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)接合在密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)座(zuo)上并(bing)且(qie)閥(fa)(fa)閉合)形(xing)成(cheng)，而另(ling)一方(fang)面(mian)通(tong)過閥(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)打開(kai)位置(zhi)(zhi)(其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)和密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)座(zuo)互相(xiang)間隔(ge)開(kai)并(bing)且(qie)閥(fa)(fa)打開(kai))形(xing)成(cheng)。密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)或(huo)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)座(zuo)優(you)選地(di)由(you)彈(dan)性體組成(cheng)和/或(huo)被配置(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)單件(jian)式(shi)(shi)彈(dan)性體組件(jian)。

18、電磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)的(de)(de)(de)致動(dong)(dong)器或致動(dong)(dong)器區(qu)段包括電磁(ci)(ci)線圈和具有(you)靜止(zhi)磁(ci)(ci)芯以(yi)及(軸向(xiang))可移(yi)動(dong)(dong)磁(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)電樞(shu)的(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)路或鐵磁(ci)(ci)路。磁(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)電樞(shu)在此形(xing)成(cheng)致動(dong)(dong)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)部分，且(qie)緊密(mi)(mi)地聯接和/或固定地連接(經由非磁(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)柱塞)到密(mi)(mi)封(feng)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)以(yi)用于閥(fa)的(de)(de)(de)機械致動(dong)(dong)。在最簡單的(de)(de)(de)情況下，磁(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)電樞(shu)形(xing)成(cheng)(完(wan)整)致動(dong)(dong)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，磁(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)電樞(shu)的(de)(de)(de)前側形(xing)成(cheng)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，而密(mi)(mi)封(feng)座(zuo)由(單件(jian)(jian)(jian)式)彈性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)體組件(jian)(jian)(jian)形(xing)成(cheng)。

19、在優(you)選實施(shi)例中(zhong)，電子單元被設(she)置成

20、-在電磁(ci)線圈(quan)的縱向(xiang)軸線上(即，電磁(ci)線圈(quan)的縱向(xiang)軸線延伸穿(chuan)過(guo)電子單元(yuan))，和/或

21、-在(zai)(zai)電(dian)磁閥的軸(zhou)向前(qian)側上，尤其在(zai)(zai)致動器區段或電(dian)磁閥的電(dian)磁線圈的軸(zhou)向前(qian)側上，和/或

22、-在電磁閥或電磁閥的電磁線圈的徑(jing)向外側上，和(he)/或

23、-在背對(dui)電磁閥的(de)流體連接器的(de)一(yi)側(ce)上，尤(you)其在電磁閥的(de)軸(zhou)向前側(ce)上。

24、在(zai)最(zui)簡單的(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)是單穩(wen)態(tai)閥(fa)，即(ji)no閥(fa)(常(chang)開(kai)(kai)的(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia)打開(kai)(kai))或(huo)nc閥(fa)(常(chang)閉的(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia)閉合)。通常(chang)完全(quan)或(huo)部分地設置(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)線(xian)圈內(nei)部上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)線(xian)圈的(de)(de)(de)供能時在(zai)靜止磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)，即(ji)在(zai)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)與(yu)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)小或(huo)較小軸(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)氣(qi)隙(xi)或(huo)工作氣(qi)隙(xi)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)被(bei)推動。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)還(huan)(huan)包括機械(xie)返回(hui)元(yuan)件(jian)或(huo)彈(dan)簧元(yuan)件(jian)，例(li)如螺旋彈(dan)簧，所述機械(xie)返回(hui)元(yuan)件(jian)或(huo)彈(dan)簧元(yuan)件(jian)沿相反方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)推動磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)并(bing)因而(er)背離(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)，即(ji)，沿磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)與(yu)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)或(huo)較大(da)(da)氣(qi)隙(xi)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。致動元(yuan)件(jian)或(huo)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)可在(zai)具(ju)有(you)大(da)(da)或(huo)最(zui)大(da)(da)氣(qi)隙(xi)的(de)(de)(de)未供能切換位置(zhi)(zhi)和/或(huo)端(duan)部位置(zhi)(zhi)(也被(bei)稱作起(qi)始位置(zhi)(zhi))與(yu)具(ju)有(you)小或(huo)最(zui)小氣(qi)隙(xi)的(de)(de)(de)供能切換位置(zhi)(zhi)和/或(huo)端(duan)部位置(zhi)(zhi)(也被(bei)稱作工作位置(zhi)(zhi))之間(jian)移(yi)位。軸(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)氣(qi)隙(xi)(當采用供能端(duan)部位置(zhi)(zhi)時)通常(chang)大(da)(da)于零，并(bing)優選(xuan)地在(zai)0.1mm與(yu)1.5mm之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)范(fan)(fan)圍內(nei)和/或(huo)達到例(li)如0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm、0.5mm、0.7mm、0.8mm、0.9mm、1.0mm、1.1mm、1.2mm、1.3mm或(huo)1.5mm，其中所提(ti)及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)值(zhi)(zhi)中的(de)(de)(de)每一(yi)者(zhe)還(huan)(huan)可表示所提(ti)及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)范(fan)(fan)圍的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)限(xian)或(huo)下(xia)限(xian)。

25、在(zai)no閥(fa)中(zhong)，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)止擋件(jian)來(lai)(lai)確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)或(huo)限(xian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)磁性電樞(shu)的(de)(de)未(wei)(wei)供(gong)能端(duan)(duan)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，并且通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封元件(jian)在(zai)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封座上的(de)(de)預(yu)期接(jie)合，即通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)閥(fa)的(de)(de)閉合位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)來(lai)(lai)確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)或(huo)限(xian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)供(gong)能端(duan)(duan)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，并且兩個(ge)端(duan)(duan)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形成電磁閥(fa)的(de)(de)所(suo)提供(gong)的(de)(de)切(qie)換位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。在(zai)nc閥(fa)中(zhong)，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)止擋件(jian)來(lai)(lai)確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)或(huo)限(xian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)磁性電樞(shu)的(de)(de)供(gong)能端(duan)(duan)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，并且通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封元件(jian)在(zai)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封座上的(de)(de)預(yu)期接(jie)合，即通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)閥(fa)的(de)(de)閉合位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)來(lai)(lai)確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)或(huo)限(xian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)未(wei)(wei)供(gong)能端(duan)(duan)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，并且兩個(ge)端(duan)(duan)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形成電磁閥(fa)的(de)(de)所(suo)提供(gong)的(de)(de)切(qie)換位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

26、在(zai)此類單穩態閥中，機(ji)械(xie)返(fan)回或彈(dan)簧(huang)元件(jian)(無電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)線圈之(zhi)供(gong)(gong)能)將磁(ci)(ci)性電(dian)(dian)樞保(bao)持在(zai)未供(gong)(gong)能端(duan)部(bu)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(起始位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi))。一旦通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)線圈的(de)(短期(qi))切換電(dian)(dian)流(例如(ru)在(zai)300ms期(qi)間(jian)為2a)充分供(gong)(gong)能后，在(zai)磁(ci)(ci)性電(dian)(dian)樞與磁(ci)(ci)芯之(zhi)間(jian)產生(sheng)的(de)磁(ci)(ci)力(li)(li)克服了機(ji)械(xie)彈(dan)簧(huang)元件(jian)的(de)彈(dan)簧(huang)力(li)(li)，并且磁(ci)(ci)性電(dian)(dian)樞移位(wei)到供(gong)(gong)能端(duan)部(bu)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(工(gong)作位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi))，其中優(you)選(xuan)地用較小(持續或連(lian)續)保(bao)持電(dian)(dian)流(例如(ru)0.5a至1a)保(bao)持。在(zai)切斷保(bao)持電(dian)(dian)流之(zhi)后，閥借(jie)助(zhu)于機(ji)械(xie)返(fan)回或彈(dan)簧(huang)元件(jian)返(fan)回到未供(gong)(gong)能端(duan)部(bu)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)。

27、此閥(fa)變型中(zhong)的電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)單元的電(dian)(dian)子器(qi)件優選地被設置(zhi)以(yi)(yi)傳遞所謂的推(tui)動-保(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)(push-hold)供能，即，產生和/或(huo)發射(she)切(qie)換電(dian)(dian)流(liu)到電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)的電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)線圈以(yi)(yi)用于(yu)接近電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)的工(gong)作(zuo)位置(zhi)。切(qie)換電(dian)(dian)流(liu)通(tong)常在1.5a至10a的范圍內(nei)，并通(tong)常在100ms與(yu)1000ms之間的時間段內(nei)(推(tui)動階段)發射(she)。電(dian)(dian)子器(qi)件優選地另外(wai)被設置(zhi)以(yi)(yi)產生或(huo)發射(she)保(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)或(huo)持(chi)續電(dian)(dian)流(liu)以(yi)(yi)用于(yu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)工(gong)作(zuo)位置(zhi)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)通(tong)常在0.5a與(yu)1.5a之間的范圍內(nei)(保(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)階段)。

28、在(zai)(zai)(zai)優選(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)替代實施例中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)被(bei)執行為雙穩(wen)(wen)態(tai)閥(fa)，即電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(或(huo)磁(ci)(ci)性電(dian)(dian)樞(shu)和/或(huo)致動元件)分別(bie)(bie)保(bao)持在(zai)(zai)(zai)最(zui)近接近的(de)(de)(de)切(qie)(qie)換位(wei)置，這通常同時是電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)的(de)(de)(de)端(duan)部位(wei)置，也在(zai)(zai)(zai)未供能狀態(tai)或(huo)沒有保(bao)持電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。此(ci)(ci)類開(kai)(kai)關閥(fa)是已(yi)知(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)，例如參見de?10?2011?078?104a1，并且在(zai)(zai)(zai)該文獻中(zhong)所公開(kai)(kai)的(de)(de)(de)雙穩(wen)(wen)態(tai)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)的(de)(de)(de)構造和運行在(zai)(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci)被(bei)援引加(jia)入本文，尤(you)其是段(duan)落(luo)[0009]等和圖1和2。在(zai)(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci)類雙穩(wen)(wen)態(tai)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)中(zhong)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)或(huo)致動器區段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)路(lu)或(huo)鐵(tie)磁(ci)(ci)路(lu)中(zhong)優選(xuan)地設置有在(zai)(zai)(zai)磁(ci)(ci)路(lu)中(zhong)產(chan)生磁(ci)(ci)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)恰好或(huo)至(zhi)少一個永磁(ci)(ci)體，所述磁(ci)(ci)路(lu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)接近工作位(wei)置之后(hou)將磁(ci)(ci)性電(dian)(dian)樞(shu)保(bao)持在(zai)(zai)(zai)切(qie)(qie)換位(wei)置(具有小氣隙)而無(wu)需(xu)供能。在(zai)(zai)(zai)雙穩(wen)(wen)態(tai)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)中(zhong)，由此(ci)(ci)消除no與nc閥(fa)之間的(de)(de)(de)區別(bie)(bie)，因為切(qie)(qie)換位(wei)置或(huo)端(duan)部位(wei)置可(ke)穩(wen)(wen)定地保(bao)持在(zai)(zai)(zai)無(wu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)狀態(tai)。

29、這里，永(yong)磁(ci)(ci)體(ti)(ti)可(ke)被設置在磁(ci)(ci)性電(dian)樞中或靜止磁(ci)(ci)芯中。在最簡單的情況(kuang)下，永(yong)磁(ci)(ci)體(ti)(ti)是單件(jian)式(shi)環(huan)(huan)形的，例如軸向磁(ci)(ci)化的永(yong)磁(ci)(ci)體(ti)(ti)。可(ke)替代地，作為永(yong)磁(ci)(ci)體(ti)(ti)，還(huan)可(ke)提供若干例如環(huan)(huan)形段形狀的永(yong)磁(ci)(ci)體(ti)(ti)片(pian)(pian)段，從而簡化了電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥的組裝(zhuang)。所述(shu)永(yong)磁(ci)(ci)體(ti)(ti)片(pian)(pian)段例如設置成(cheng)彼此直接鄰接且呈環(huan)(huan)形，以使得形成(cheng)多件(jian)式(shi)永(yong)磁(ci)(ci)體(ti)(ti)環(huan)(huan)。可(ke)替代地，永(yong)磁(ci)(ci)體(ti)(ti)片(pian)(pian)段也可(ke)彼此間隔(ge)開(kai)。

30、此類雙穩態電磁閥(fa)相應地具(ju)(ju)(ju)有第(di)一(yi)切換(huan)(huan)位(wei)置和第(di)二切換(huan)(huan)位(wei)置，其中第(di)一(yi)切換(huan)(huan)位(wei)置具(ju)(ju)(ju)有大(da)或較大(da)氣(qi)隙，由機械彈簧元(yuan)件(jian)保持(chi)；第(di)二切換(huan)(huan)位(wei)置具(ju)(ju)(ju)有小或較小氣(qi)隙，由永磁體的磁流保持(chi)。

31、此(ci)雙穩(wen)態電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)變型中的(de)(de)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)單(dan)元(yuan)的(de)(de)電(dian)子器(qi)件(jian)優選地被設置(zhi)以傳遞(di)(僅(jin)(jin))所(suo)(suo)謂的(de)(de)用(yong)于(yu)改變切換(huan)(huan)位(wei)置(zhi)(即，例如上文(wen)所(suo)(suo)述的(de)(de)切換(huan)(huan)電(dian)流(liu))的(de)(de)推(tui)動(dong)式(shi)供能(neng)(push?energization)。用(yong)于(yu)接(jie)近(jin)兩個(ge)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)切換(huan)(huan)位(wei)置(zhi)的(de)(de)切換(huan)(huan)電(dian)流(liu)通常具有不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)極(ji)性。在(zai)最簡單(dan)的(de)(de)情況下，用(yong)于(yu)接(jie)近(jin)第(di)一切換(huan)(huan)位(wei)置(zhi)和用(yong)于(yu)接(jie)近(jin)第(di)二(er)切換(huan)(huan)位(wei)置(zhi)的(de)(de)切換(huan)(huan)電(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)強(qiang)度和持續(xu)時間是相同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)，而僅(jin)(jin)極(ji)性是不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)。不(bu)過，一般來說(shuo)，用(yong)于(yu)接(jie)近(jin)兩個(ge)切換(huan)(huan)位(wei)置(zhi)的(de)(de)切換(huan)(huan)電(dian)流(liu)不(bu)僅(jin)(jin)在(zai)極(ji)性方(fang)面(mian)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，而且(qie)還在(zai)(絕對(dui))電(dian)流(liu)強(qiang)度或持續(xu)時間方(fang)面(mian)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，因為對(dui)于(yu)接(jie)近(jin)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)切換(huan)(huan)位(wei)置(zhi)，通常需要(yao)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)。

32、采用(yong)(yong)雙(shuang)穩(wen)態電(dian)磁閥具有以下優點(dian)(與(yu)單穩(wen)態閥相比(bi))：電(dian)子(zi)(zi)器(qi)(qi)件不必(bi)再產生(sheng)保持(chi)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)，而(er)是僅(jin)需短暫施加的(de)(de)(de)切換電(dian)流(liu)(liu)。因此，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)較少(shao)工作量(liang)，即用(yong)(yong)較小功率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)組件來提(ti)供電(dian)子(zi)(zi)器(qi)(qi)件，這是因為僅(jin)發生(sheng)短時能量(liang)負荷。另外，發生(sheng)較小能耗且(qie)僅(jin)發生(sheng)對應(ying)地減少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)產熱，這使得(de)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)器(qi)(qi)件或(huo)(huo)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)單元(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)節(jie)省構造(zao)成(cheng)為可(ke)能，有助于電(dian)子(zi)(zi)器(qi)(qi)件在電(dian)磁閥單元(yuan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)構造(zao)性集成(cheng)并因此節(jie)省構造(zao)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)。已經提(ti)及的(de)(de)(de)切換電(dian)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)常在1.5a至10a的(de)(de)(de)范圍內，優選地在1.5a與(yu)3a之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)，且(qie)可(ke)達到例如1.5a、2a、3a、4a、5a、7a或(huo)(huo)10a，其中(zhong)所(suo)提(ti)及的(de)(de)(de)值中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)每一者還可(ke)表示所(suo)提(ti)及的(de)(de)(de)值的(de)(de)(de)范圍的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)限(xian)(xian)或(huo)(huo)下限(xian)(xian)。切換電(dian)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)常在100ms與(yu)1000ms之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)(jian)段(duan)內發射，其中(zhong)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)器(qi)(qi)件當前進一步被設置以分別產生(sheng)或(huo)(huo)發射具有不同(tong)極性且(qie)優選地還具有不同(tong)(絕對)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)強度和(he)/或(huo)(huo)持(chi)續(xu)時間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)切換電(dian)流(liu)(liu)。

33、在根(gen)據(ju)(ju)本(ben)發(fa)明的(de)(de)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)中(zhong)采用雙穩態電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥不僅(jin)在常(chang)規(gui)操作中(zhong)提(ti)供優點和新的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用方面，而且(qie)在存在或(huo)出(chu)現故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)安(an)全(quan)狀態或(huo)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)安(an)全(quan)情況(kuang)(例(li)如，供電(dian)電(dian)壓損耗、外部操作干(gan)擾、電(dian)纜斷裂、系統(tong)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)、機(ji)載網絡故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)等)時提(ti)供優點和新的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用方面。這(zhe)尤(you)其(qi)適用于在例(li)如車(che)輛(liang)的(de)(de)氣動(dong)彈(dan)簧(huang)(huang)或(huo)減(jian)震器中(zhong)等安(an)全(quan)關鍵應(ying)(ying)用中(zhong)使用根(gen)據(ju)(ju)本(ben)發(fa)明的(de)(de)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)，其(qi)中(zhong)閉合的(de)(de)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥引(yin)起氣動(dong)彈(dan)簧(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)硬彈(dan)簧(huang)(huang)特性，而打開的(de)(de)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥引(yin)起軟彈(dan)簧(huang)(huang)特性。

34、到(dao)目(mu)前為止，僅(jin)使用(yong)2/2開(kai)(kai)/關no開(kai)(kai)關閥(fa)作為氣(qi)動彈(dan)簧(huang)的(de)(de)(de)腔室(shi)或空(kong)氣(qi)容積之間的(de)(de)(de)可鎖定(ding)連(lian)接。no閥(fa)的(de)(de)(de)這種使用(yong)由關于(yu)(yu)代(dai)表性(xing)(xing)驅(qu)動操(cao)作中的(de)(de)(de)電磁(ci)閥(fa)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)耗的(de)(de)(de)考慮因素產生。不過，處于(yu)(yu)(未供能(neng))故障安全(quan)狀態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)動彈(dan)簧(huang)則處于(yu)(yu)軟狀態(tai)，并因此處于(yu)(yu)更加驅(qu)動臨界狀態(tai)。然而，關于(yu)(yu)驅(qu)動安全(quan)，將希望氣(qi)動彈(dan)簧(huang)在故障安全(quan)狀態(tai)采用(yong)硬(ying)彈(dan)簧(huang)特性(xing)(xing)，也就是說，電磁(ci)閥(fa)是閉合的(de)(de)(de)。此請求無法通過當(dang)前采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)no閥(fa)來實(shi)現。為了涵蓋此情況，將需要(yao)采用(yong)nc閥(fa)，所述nc閥(fa)對于(yu)(yu)其中也在常規(gui)操(cao)作中采用(yong)硬(ying)彈(dan)簧(huang)特性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)車(che)輛來說是最(zui)佳可設想的(de)(de)(de)。

35、在根據(ju)本發明(ming)的電磁(ci)閥單元中采用(yong)雙穩態電磁(ci)閥現(xian)在產生能夠實現(xian)關于(yu)故(gu)障安全狀態的所有上(shang)述請求的前提(ti)。

36、如(ru)所提(ti)及，在(zai)無有源切(qie)換(huan)脈(mo)沖或(huo)切(qie)換(huan)或(huo)保持電(dian)(dian)流的(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)，雙穩態電(dian)(dian)磁閥保持在(zai)相應地最近(jin)接近(jin)的(de)切(qie)換(huan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)。不過，在(zai)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)安(an)全(quan)情況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)，即(ji)例如(ru)在(zai)供電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)時，希望電(dian)(dian)磁閥采用預(yu)定切(qie)換(huan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(在(zai)電(dian)(dian)磁閥的(de)兩(liang)個或(huo)不同切(qie)換(huan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)之中(zhong))，這在(zai)下(xia)(xia)文(wen)中(zhong)被稱作故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)安(an)全(quan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)或(huo)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)安(an)全(quan)切(qie)換(huan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)。原(yuan)則上，第(di)一(yi)切(qie)換(huan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)或(huo)第(di)二切(qie)換(huan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)兩(liang)者可形(xing)成故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)安(an)全(quan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)或(huo)被設置(zhi)為故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)安(an)全(quan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)。

37、為了能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠也在故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)全(quan)情(qing)況下(xia)(xia)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)在出(chu)現故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)全(quan)狀態時或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)之后(尤其(qi)在供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓損耗時)采用(yong)所(suo)提供(gong)(gong)的故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)全(quan)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)優(you)選地(di)具有能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)存(cun)儲(chu)(chu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，所(suo)述能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)存(cun)儲(chu)(chu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)被設(she)(she)置(zhi)以(yi)存(cun)儲(chu)(chu)至(zhi)少故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)全(quan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)全(quan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)值(zhi)和/或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)提供(gong)(gong)至(zhi)少故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)全(quan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)全(quan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)值(zhi)可用(yong)。故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)全(quan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)至(zhi)少或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)恰好產生一次(ci)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)全(quan)供(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)所(suo)需(xu)的能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)值(zhi)，即(從另一切換(huan)(huan)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi))接(jie)近故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)全(quan)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)所(suo)需(xu)的切換(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。基(ji)于存(cun)儲(chu)(chu)在能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)存(cun)儲(chu)(chu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)中的電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)全(quan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)相應地(di)被設(she)(she)置(zhi)以(yi)產生并發(fa)射故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)全(quan)供(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁線圈。能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)存(cun)儲(chu)(chu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)優(you)選地(di)還被設(she)(she)置(zhi)以(yi)使所(suo)需(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)可供(gong)(gong)用(yong)于操作電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)控制邏輯，以(yi)使得例如可執行至(zhi)少一個故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)全(quan)程序(參見下(xia)(xia)文)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥單(dan)(dan)元由(you)此可自主地(di)起作用(yong)，并且還可確保也在供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)的事件(jian)(jian)中接(jie)近并保持故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)全(quan)情(qing)況下(xia)(xia)的故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)全(quan)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)。在最簡單(dan)(dan)的情(qing)況下(xia)(xia)的故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)全(quan)供(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)與用(yong)于接(jie)近被設(she)(she)置(zhi)為故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)全(quan)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)的切換(huan)(huan)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)的切換(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流相同(tong)。

38、能(neng)量存儲(chu)裝置(zhi)原則上可(ke)(ke)以是(可(ke)(ke)再充電(dian))電(dian)池(chi)或一般是化學蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)。不(bu)過，能(neng)量存儲(chu)裝置(zhi)優(you)選(xuan)地(di)為電(dian)容器(qi)或一般為若干電(dian)容器(qi)的(de)結構(gou)(尤其是并(bing)聯電(dian)路)。電(dian)容器(qi)的(de)(或電(dian)容器(qi)結構(gou)的(de))(總(zong))存儲(chu)容量優(you)選(xuan)地(di)在1000μf與5000μf之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)范圍內，優(you)選(xuan)地(di)在3000μf-4000μf之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)范圍內，并(bing)可(ke)(ke)達到例如1000μf、2000μf、3000μf、4000μf或5000μf，其中(zhong)所提及的(de)值中(zhong)的(de)每一者還可(ke)(ke)表(biao)示所提及的(de)值的(de)范圍的(de)上限或下(xia)限。對于電(dian)容器(qi)，優(you)選(xuan)地(di)(直接)施(shi)加供(gong)電(dian)電(dian)壓，即12v、24v或48v。

39、為(wei)了使電(dian)容器的(de)存儲大(da)(da)小最小化(hua)并由此使組(zu)件成本最小化(hua)，優(you)選地由機械彈簧元件保(bao)持的(de)電(dian)磁閥(fa)的(de)第(di)一(yi)切換位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(具有大(da)(da)或(huo)較大(da)(da)氣(qi)隙)被設置(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)故障安全位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)，因為(wei)通常可以(yi)用(yong)比第(di)二切換位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)更小的(de)切換電(dian)流(liu)或(huo)以(yi)更低的(de)能量輸入來(lai)接近此位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)。

40、在優選的實(shi)(shi)施(shi)例中，電(dian)子器(qi)件被設置(zhi)以執(zhi)行故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)安(an)(an)全(quan)程序或(huo)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)安(an)(an)全(quan)步驟(zou)序列(即(ji)，在電(dian)子器(qi)件中實(shi)(shi)施(shi)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)安(an)(an)全(quan)程序)，并(bing)且在出現故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)安(an)(an)全(quan)狀態時或(huo)之后在故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)安(an)(an)全(quan)情況下(xia)啟動(dong)或(huo)觸發(fa)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)安(an)(an)全(quan)程序或(huo)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)安(an)(an)全(quan)步驟(zou)序列。

41、在(zai)(zai)第一(yi)優(you)選變型中，電(dian)子器(qi)件被設置(zhi)(zhi)以使得故(gu)障安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)僅包括(kuo)故(gu)障安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)供能(neng)向電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥的(de)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)線圈(quan)的(de)(非(fei)條件性)發射或(huo)由其組成。在(zai)(zai)任何(he)情況(kuang)下且無條件地(di)將故(gu)障安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)供能(neng)發射到電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥，即，故(gu)障安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)優(you)選地(di)僅包括(kuo)一(yi)個單(dan)一(yi)步驟。由此，(取(qu)決于(yu)(yu)先前的(de)切換位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi))或(huo)者(zhe)接(jie)近故(gu)障安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(當電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥尚未位(wei)(wei)于(yu)(yu)故(gu)障安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)時(shi))或(huo)者(zhe)僅維(wei)持故(gu)障安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(當電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥已(yi)經位(wei)(wei)于(yu)(yu)故(gu)障安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)時(shi))。在(zai)(zai)任何(he)情況(kuang)下，由此確(que)保電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥在(zai)(zai)執行故(gu)障安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)之后采用(yong)期望的(de)故(gu)障安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)。

42、在(zai)第二優選變型中，電子器(qi)件(jian)包括切(qie)換(huan)(huan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識別(bie)(bie)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，并且電子器(qi)件(jian)被(bei)(bei)設(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)使(shi)得故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)程(cheng)序(xu)(借(jie)助于(yu)(yu)切(qie)換(huan)(huan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識別(bie)(bie)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi))初步(bu)(bu)識別(bie)(bie)電磁(ci)閥(fa)的當(dang)(dang)前切(qie)換(huan)(huan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。電子器(qi)件(jian)還(huan)被(bei)(bei)設(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)使(shi)得當(dang)(dang)識別(bie)(bie)到電磁(ci)閥(fa)已經位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)于(yu)(yu)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)，故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)程(cheng)序(xu)終止或中止(無(wu)需進一步(bu)(bu)執行其它步(bu)(bu)驟)，從而不發生(sheng)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)供(gong)能(neng)的發射(she)(she)，或者當(dang)(dang)識別(bie)(bie)到電磁(ci)閥(fa)不位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)于(yu)(yu)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)，發射(she)(she)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)供(gong)能(neng)。因此，電子器(qi)件(jian)被(bei)(bei)設(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)使(shi)得在(zai)出現(xian)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)狀(zhuang)態時(shi)，取決于(yu)(yu)切(qie)換(huan)(huan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而僅發生(sheng)條件(jian)性故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)供(gong)能(neng)。相(xiang)應地，在(zai)出現(xian)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)狀(zhuang)態時(shi)，僅當(dang)(dang)電磁(ci)閥(fa)不(尚未)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)于(yu)(yu)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)由電子器(qi)件(jian)產生(sheng)切(qie)換(huan)(huan)電流(liu)或故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)供(gong)能(neng)。通過故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)供(gong)能(neng)的此條件(jian)性發射(she)(she)，可減(jian)少電磁(ci)閥(fa)單元的電子器(qi)件(jian)的能(neng)耗和負荷。

43、在(zai)優(you)選第(di)一實施(shi)例(li)(li)變型(xing)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子器(qi)(qi)件(jian)和(he)(he)/或(huo)切(qie)(qie)換(huan)(huan)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)別(bie)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被設置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)基(ji)于(yu)最(zui)近(在(zai)出現(xian)故障安全狀態之前)發(fa)射(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)切(qie)(qie)換(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，尤(you)其(qi)是基(ji)于(yu)最(zui)近發(fa)射(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)切(qie)(qie)換(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)性，來識(shi)別(bie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)切(qie)(qie)換(huan)(huan)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。在(zai)切(qie)(qie)換(huan)(huan)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)別(bie)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)選第(di)二實施(shi)例(li)(li)變型(xing)中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子器(qi)(qi)件(jian)和(he)(he)/或(huo)切(qie)(qie)換(huan)(huan)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)別(bie)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被設置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)基(ji)于(yu)確定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁線圈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感來識(shi)別(bie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)切(qie)(qie)換(huan)(huan)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)第(di)二實施(shi)例(li)(li)變型(xing)使用以(yi)下(xia)事實：在(zai)具(ju)有大(da)氣(qi)隙或(huo)開磁路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)一切(qie)(qie)換(huan)(huan)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁線圈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感不(bu)同于(yu)在(zai)具(ju)有小氣(qi)隙或(huo)具(ju)有閉(bi)磁路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)二切(qie)(qie)換(huan)(huan)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感。兩個變型(xing)具(ju)有以(yi)下(xia)優(you)勢：為了(le)識(shi)別(bie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)切(qie)(qie)換(huan)(huan)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)需要位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)傳感器(qi)(qi)，由(you)此(ci)節(jie)省了(le)組件(jian)和(he)(he)組裝工作(zuo)。相應(ying)地，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)單元優(you)選地不(bu)具(ju)有用于(yu)識(shi)別(bie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)或(huo)磁性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)切(qie)(qie)換(huan)(huan)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)傳感器(qi)(qi)。

44、在(zai)最簡單的(de)情況(kuang)(kuang)下，電子器(qi)(qi)件被設置(zhi)以(yi)基于上(shang)級控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)裝置(zhi)或(huo)(huo)外(wai)部(bu)閥控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)裝置(zhi)的(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)信號，即(ji)基于通常經由(you)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)連(lian)接(jie)器(qi)(qi)接(jie)收(shou)的(de)外(wai)部(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)信號，來啟動或(huo)(huo)觸發故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)程序。不過，為(wei)了還能夠(gou)識(shi)別控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)連(lian)接(jie)器(qi)(qi)處(chu)或(huo)(huo)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)干擾(rao)，在(zai)尤(you)其優(you)選(xuan)的(de)變型中(zhong)(zhong)，電子器(qi)(qi)件具有(you)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)識(shi)別裝置(zhi)(用于故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)情況(kuang)(kuang)的(de)自(zi)主(zhu)診斷)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)識(shi)別裝置(zhi)相應(ying)地被設置(zhi)以(yi)自(zi)主(zhu)地識(shi)別故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)狀(zhuang)態，即(ji)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)情況(kuang)(kuang)或(huo)(huo)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)狀(zhuang)態的(de)出現或(huo)(huo)存在(zai)，并(bing)且在(zai)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)情況(kuang)(kuang)下觸發故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)程序。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)識(shi)別裝置(zhi)優(you)選(xuan)地將(jiang)供電電壓的(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)或(huo)(huo)干擾(rao)、在(zai)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)連(lian)接(jie)器(qi)(qi)上(shang)和/或(huo)(huo)在(zai)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)或(huo)(huo)總線(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)或(huo)(huo)干擾(rao)或(huo)(huo)與(yu)上(shang)級控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)裝置(zhi)的(de)通信的(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)或(huo)(huo)干擾(rao)、或(huo)(huo)電纜斷裂(lie)、系統故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)、機載(zai)網(wang)絡故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)等(deng)識(shi)別為(wei)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)狀(zhuang)態。

45、在(zai)(zai)優(you)選的實(shi)施(shi)例中，電(dian)(dian)子器件被(bei)設(she)置(zhi)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)供電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓接通時或緊(jin)接在(zai)(zai)供電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓接通之(zhi)后發射故障安全供能(neng)。在(zai)(zai)啟動(dong)或重(zhong)新啟動(dong)系統(tong)時(例如在(zai)(zai)啟動(dong)車輛時，在(zai)(zai)初始化的含義內(nei))，電(dian)(dian)磁閥由此進入所限定/定義的切換位(wei)置(zhi)，即故障安全位(wei)置(zhi)。

46、在另一優選實施例中，切換位置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識別裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以例如1秒至10秒的(de)(de)(de)(de)有規律/定期(qi)(短)時間間隔識別(尤其經由確(que)認電(dian)感(gan))電(dian)磁閥的(de)(de)(de)(de)切換位置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，由此(ci)形成電(dian)磁閥的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流切換位置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)永久并(bing)可選地冗余的(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)測。

47、在(zai)(zai)優選的(de)(de)(de)實施例中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(作(zuo)為上述驅動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)替代(dai)或(huo)(huo)(huo)補充)具有一(yi)個(ge)(ge)、兩個(ge)(ge)或(huo)(huo)(huo)多個(ge)(ge)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，例如一(yi)個(ge)(ge)或(huo)(huo)(huo)多個(ge)(ge)壓力傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和/或(huo)(huo)(huo)加速(su)(su)度(du)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和/或(huo)(huo)(huo)溫度(du)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)由(you)其組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)。在(zai)(zai)最簡單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)(de)情況下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)包括恰好一(yi)個(ge)(ge)或(huo)(huo)(huo)兩個(ge)(ge)壓力傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)由(you)其組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)。通過(guo)根據本發明的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元內或(huo)(huo)(huo)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元中的(de)(de)(de)構造性集成(cheng)(cheng)，相應的(de)(de)(de)測量(liang)值(zhi)(壓力、加速(su)(su)度(du)、溫度(du)等)由(you)此可被檢測到并且(qie)(qie)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元的(de)(de)(de)使用位(wei)置處(chu)立即可用。傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)由(you)此傳(chuan)(chuan)遞有價(jia)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)性信息，并同(tong)時(shi)形成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分(fen)，且(qie)(qie)因(yin)此還形成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元的(de)(de)(de)預組(zu)裝(zhuang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)緊(jin)湊構造群組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分(fen)，以使得不(bu)會發生(sheng)(sheng)額外組(zu)裝(zhuang)工(gong)作(zuo)。相應傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)測量(liang)值(zhi)有利地(di)在(zai)(zai)(已(yi)經(jing)存在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de))控制連接器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)處(chu)可用，以使得此處(chu)不(bu)產生(sheng)(sheng)額外組(zu)裝(zhuang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)布線(xian)工(gong)作(zuo)，且(qie)(qie)不(bu)需要額外組(zu)件(jian)。傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有利地(di)布置在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元殼體內，以使得傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同(tong)時(shi)受到保護(hu)。

48、在(zai)(zai)優選(xuan)的(de)實施(shi)例(li)中，電子(zi)器(qi)件被配(pei)置為(wei)具有恰好(hao)一(yi)個或(huo)多(duo)個電路(lu)板(ban)的(de)電子(zi)單元，并且傳感器(qi)(即所(suo)有可選(xuan)地存在(zai)(zai)的(de)壓(ya)力(li)、加速度和/或(huo)溫(wen)度傳感器(qi))與電子(zi)器(qi)件的(de)剩余組件一(yi)起布置在(zai)(zai)電路(lu)板(ban)上。

49、電(dian)磁閥(fa)單(dan)元優選地(di)(di)具有第一(yi)和(he)/或第二(er)壓力供應線路，所述第一(yi)和(he)/或第二(er)壓力供應線路分別將第一(yi)和(he)/或第二(er)壓力傳感器(qi)(qi)與電(dian)磁閥(fa)的兩個(ge)流體連接(jie)(jie)器(qi)(qi)氣動地(di)(di)或液壓地(di)(di)連接(jie)(jie)。

50、第一(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)連(lian)接(jie)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是軸(zhou)向(xiang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)連(lian)接(jie)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，并(bing)且電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥優選地(di)為壓(ya)力平衡閥，即致(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)，包括(kuo)磁(ci)(ci)性電(dian)(dian)樞(shu)和磁(ci)(ci)芯(xin)，氣動(dong)地(di)或(huo)(huo)液壓(ya)地(di)連(lian)接(jie)到軸(zhou)向(xiang)閥空(kong)(kong)間(jian)或(huo)(huo)軸(zhou)向(xiang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)連(lian)接(jie)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥具(ju)有例(li)如(ru)連(lian)續中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)柱(zhu)塞(sai)或(huo)(huo)其它壓(ya)力通(tong)道，來(lai)自(zi)軸(zhou)向(xiang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)連(lian)接(jie)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)壓(ya)力通(tong)過所述(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)柱(zhu)塞(sai)或(huo)(huo)其它壓(ya)力通(tong)道而(er)被(bei)引導(dao)到致(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)，并(bing)因(yin)此例(li)如(ru)被(bei)引導(dao)到磁(ci)(ci)性電(dian)(dian)樞(shu)和/或(huo)(huo)磁(ci)(ci)芯(xin)的(de)(de)“背(bei)(bei)側”。致(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)因(yin)此有利地(di)延伸(shen)直(zhi)到電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)線圈的(de)(de)面向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)單元的(de)(de)一(yi)側和/或(huo)(huo)延伸(shen)直(zhi)到電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥的(de)(de)背(bei)(bei)對流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)連(lian)接(jie)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)前側或(huo)(huo)延伸(shen)到所述(shu)前側附近。第一(yi)壓(ya)力供應線路隨后優選地(di)從第一(yi)壓(ya)力傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)向(xiang)致(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)。

51、第(di)(di)二流(liu)(liu)體連接器(qi)是徑向流(liu)(liu)體連接器(qi)。另外(wai)或可替代地(di)，第(di)(di)二壓力供應線路(lu)從(cong)第(di)(di)二壓力傳感器(qi)通向徑向流(liu)(liu)體連接器(qi)的閥空間中。

52、在(zai)優(you)選的(de)實(shi)施例中，電磁閥單(dan)元(yuan)具有第(di)(di)(di)(di)一外部(bu)彈性(xing)密封(feng)環(huan)，所述(shu)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一外部(bu)彈性(xing)密封(feng)環(huan)設(she)置在(zai)電磁閥的(de)外側上在(zai)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一流(liu)(liu)(liu)體連(lian)接(jie)(jie)器與第(di)(di)(di)(di)二流(liu)(liu)(liu)體連(lian)接(jie)(jie)器之(zhi)間或(huo)(huo)在(zai)軸向流(liu)(liu)(liu)體連(lian)接(jie)(jie)器與徑(jing)向流(liu)(liu)(liu)體連(lian)接(jie)(jie)器之(zhi)間，以(yi)使(shi)得電磁閥單(dan)元(yuan)在(zai)按預期使(shi)用時借助于第(di)(di)(di)(di)一密封(feng)環(huan)而抵靠第(di)(di)(di)(di)二或(huo)(huo)徑(jing)向流(liu)(liu)(liu)體或(huo)(huo)氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)腔室(或(huo)(huo)經(jing)(jing)由徑(jing)向流(liu)(liu)(liu)體連(lian)接(jie)(jie)器與電磁閥相通(tong)的(de)氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)腔室)可(ke)密封(feng)或(huo)(huo)將密封(feng)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一或(huo)(huo)軸向流(liu)(liu)(liu)體或(huo)(huo)氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)腔室(或(huo)(huo)經(jing)(jing)由軸向流(liu)(liu)(liu)體連(lian)接(jie)(jie)器與電磁閥相通(tong)的(de)氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)腔室)。

53、可(ke)替代地(di)或(huo)另外(wai)，電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)單元具有第二(er)(er)外(wai)部彈性(xing)密封環，所(suo)述第二(er)(er)外(wai)部彈性(xing)密封環例如設置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)徑向流體連(lian)接(jie)器的與第一密封環相對安置(zhi)的一側(ce)上，以使得電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)單元可(ke)借助于第二(er)(er)密封環而(er)例如抵著外(wai)側(ce)或(huo)大(da)氣密封第二(er)(er)徑向流體或(huo)氣動腔室。第二(er)(er)密封環優(you)選(xuan)地(di)(沿周向)布置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)子單元的殼體的外(wai)側(ce)上和(he)/或(huo)與電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)間隔開。

54、優(you)選地(di)，第二(er)(er)(er)壓力供應線路(lu)從電(dian)子器(qi)件的(de)(de)第二(er)(er)(er)壓力傳感器(qi)通(tong)向(xiang)電(dian)磁閥單元殼體(ti)的(de)(de)外(wai)側，通(tong)到(dao)軸向(xiang)地(di)安(an)置(zhi)于第一(yi)密(mi)封環(huan)與第二(er)(er)(er)密(mi)封環(huan)之間的(de)(de)或在(zai)第二(er)(er)(er)或徑(jing)向(xiang)流體(ti)或氣動腔室的(de)(de)區域中的(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)。尤其優(you)選地(di)，第二(er)(er)(er)壓力供應線路(lu)通(tong)到(dao)電(dian)子單元的(de)(de)殼體(ti)的(de)(de)外(wai)側上的(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)，所述位(wei)置(zhi)(軸向(xiang)地(di))安(an)置(zhi)于第二(er)(er)(er)密(mi)封環(huan)與電(dian)磁閥之間。

55、本發明(ming)還涉及(ji)氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)彈(dan)簧，尤(you)其(qi)是具(ju)有上文所(suo)述的(de)電磁閥(fa)單元的(de)多腔室(shi)氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)彈(dan)簧，其(qi)包括第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)和第(di)(di)(di)二(er)空氣(qi)容積或第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)和第(di)(di)(di)二(er)氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)腔室(shi)，所(suo)述第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)和第(di)(di)(di)二(er)氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)腔室(shi)經由電磁閥(fa)單元以(yi)可鎖定的(de)方式氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)地連接。

56、氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)腔室(shi)優選(xuan)地(di)互相(xiang)鄰近和/或(huo)(huo)至少一個氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)腔室(shi)被設置在(zai)氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)彈(dan)簧(huang)的(de)外側(ce)上(shang)，并分別具有朝向彼此且朝向外側(ce)或(huo)(huo)大氣(qi)的(de)開(kai)(kai)口(kou)，所述開(kai)(kai)口(kou)通(tong)過(guo)電磁(ci)(ci)閥單(dan)元(yuan)或(huo)(huo)電磁(ci)(ci)閥單(dan)元(yuan)殼體(和可(ke)選(xuan)地(di)設置在(zai)其上(shang)的(de)密封環)以密封方式閉合。電磁(ci)(ci)閥單(dan)元(yuan)因(yin)此可(ke)被插入氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)彈(dan)簧(huang)或(huo)(huo)插入到氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)彈(dan)簧(huang)的(de)預(yu)定開(kai)(kai)口(kou)，這(zhe)簡化(hua)了開(kai)(kai)關閥或(huo)(huo)氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)彈(dan)簧(huang)的(de)電磁(ci)(ci)閥單(dan)元(yuan)的(de)組(zu)裝。電磁(ci)(ci)閥單(dan)元(yuan)的(de)電磁(ci)(ci)閥的(de)流體連(lian)接器優選(xuan)地(di)由(you)簡單(dan)的(de)開(kai)(kai)口(kou)形(xing)成，因(yin)為例(li)如已經通(tong)過(guo)電磁(ci)(ci)閥單(dan)元(yuan)殼體及其外側(ce)上(shang)的(de)密封環進行(xing)密封。

57、舉例來(lai)說，這里第(di)一(yi)空氣(qi)容(rong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)形(xing)成(cheng)氣(qi)動彈(dan)簧(huang)的所(suo)謂的基(ji)(ji)礎容(rong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)，其中(zhong)彈(dan)簧(huang)活塞移位。此基(ji)(ji)礎容(rong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)可經(jing)由電磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)單元通過第(di)二空氣(qi)容(rong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(額外容(rong)積(ji)(ji)(ji))擴(kuo)展，從(cong)而形(xing)成(cheng)共(gong)同(tong)空氣(qi)容(rong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)，導(dao)致(zhi)比(bi)僅(jin)基(ji)(ji)礎容(rong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)更軟的彈(dan)簧(huang)特性。基(ji)(ji)礎容(rong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的硬彈(dan)簧(huang)特性僅(jin)通常形(xing)成(cheng)故障(zhang)(zhang)安全設置，出(chu)于此原因，電磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)單元的故障(zhang)(zhang)安全位置在本技術中(zhong)為閉(bi)合(he)位置。

58、在氣動彈簧(huang)中，可(ke)設(she)置恰好一個(ge)額外(wai)容(rong)(rong)積(ji)(雙腔室氣動彈簧(huang))或還設(she)置兩個(ge)額外(wai)容(rong)(rong)積(ji)(三腔室氣動彈簧(huang))或甚至設(she)置更多額外(wai)容(rong)(rong)積(ji)，其隨后(hou)可(ke)選擇性地連接和/或具有不同尺(chi)寸(cun)。

59、本發明還涉及(ji)一種車(che)(che)輛(liang)或機動車(che)(che)輛(liang)的氣(qi)動彈簧(huang)系統(tong)，包括(kuo)上文所述的若干電磁閥單(dan)元中的一者(zhe)或上文所述的一個(ge)或多個(ge)氣(qi)動彈簧(huang)。