本發(fa)明屬復合材料制(zhi)備領域(yu),主要涉(she)及(ji)一種(zhong)適(shi)用于微波(bo)固化(hua)樹脂基(ji)體及(ji)其(qi)制(zhi)備方法。
背景技術:
樹(shu)(shu)脂基(ji)復合(he)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)因具有輕質、高強、耐高溫、抗(kang)腐蝕、熱(re)(re)力(li)學性能優(you)良等特點(dian)(dian)(dian),在航空(kong)航天、醫(yi)療、電子(zi)、機械等領域(yu)得到了越來越廣泛(fan)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)和應(ying)用(yong)。目前樹(shu)(shu)脂基(ji)復合(he)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)主要采用(yong)傳統熱(re)(re)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方式進行(xing)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),存在固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)周期長(chang)、能耗大(da)、固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)效率(lv)低等缺點(dian)(dian)(dian),同(tong)時(shi)由于固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)熱(re)(re)量由材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)外(wai)部向內(nei)(nei)(nei)部傳遞,造成材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部存在溫度(du)(du)(du)梯度(du)(du)(du),沿厚度(du)(du)(du)方向上的(de)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)度(du)(du)(du)不同(tong),使(shi)樹(shu)(shu)脂固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)很難均勻(yun)(yun),易(yi)(yi)產生(sheng)較(jiao)大(da)內(nei)(nei)(nei)應(ying)力(li)。此外(wai),傳統熱(re)(re)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方式還容易(yi)(yi)造成某(mou)些樹(shu)(shu)脂基(ji)復合(he)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)成型時(shi)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部芯(xin)模、內(nei)(nei)(nei)嵌結構和輔助(zhu)工裝等材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)變形、甚至(zhi)降解,大(da)大(da)增加(jia)了一部分(fen)(fen)樹(shu)(shu)脂基(ji)復合(he)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)成型的(de)技(ji)術(shu)難度(du)(du)(du)和工藝成本(ben)。而(er)微波因具有獨(du)特的(de)“分(fen)(fen)子(zi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)”均勻(yun)(yun)加(jia)熱(re)(re)與選擇性加(jia)熱(re)(re)等特性,表現出(chu)樹(shu)(shu)脂固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)均勻(yun)(yun)、固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)速度(du)(du)(du)快、固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)過程(cheng)易(yi)(yi)于控(kong)制、節(jie)省(sheng)能源(yuan)、設備(bei)投資少(shao)等優(you)點(dian)(dian)(dian),在代替傳統熱(re)(re)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方面已成為研(yan)究(jiu)的(de)熱(re)(re)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。
近年來,國內外對(dui)(dui)于(yu)適用于(yu)微(wei)波(bo)(bo)(bo)固化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)(ji)體(ti)開展了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)些的(de)(de)研究工(gong)作。孫(sun)濤等(deng)人[固體(ti)火箭技術,2012,35(5):679-682]采用微(wei)波(bo)(bo)(bo)固化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)技術,成功對(dui)(dui)雙酚A環氧(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)/4,4'二氨基(ji)(ji)二苯甲烷(DDM)體(ti)系進行(xing)(xing)固化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),測試樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)固化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)拉伸強度(du)為70.5MPa。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)于(yu)選(xuan)用的(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)(ji)體(ti)極性(xing)(xing)(xing)低(di)(di),對(dui)(dui)微(wei)波(bo)(bo)(bo)沒有很好(hao)的(de)(de)響(xiang)應(ying)(ying)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和固化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing),導致樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)固化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)強度(du)等(deng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)低(di)(di)于(yu)傳統熱固化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)式獲(huo)得(de)的(de)(de)數值。R.Yusoff等(deng)人[Journal of Engineering Science&Technology.2007,2(2):151-163]采用微(wei)波(bo)(bo)(bo)對(dui)(dui)碳(tan)纖(xian)維/環氧(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)RTM成型復(fu)合(he)(he)材(cai)料(liao)進行(xing)(xing)固化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),雖然固化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)獲(huo)得(de)與(yu)傳統熱固化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)式相當的(de)(de)固化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)度(du),但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)于(yu)所選(xuan)用的(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)(ji)體(ti)粘度(du)較高(gao)且基(ji)(ji)體(ti)和碳(tan)纖(xian)維微(wei)波(bo)(bo)(bo)響(xiang)應(ying)(ying)性(xing)(xing)(xing)差(cha)異大(da),導致復(fu)合(he)(he)材(cai)料(liao)存在(zai)明(ming)顯的(de)(de)缺陷,大(da)大(da)降低(di)(di)了(le)(le)(le)復(fu)合(he)(he)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)整體(ti)力學性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)。總體(ti)來看,文(wen)獻(xian)中報道的(de)(de)適用于(yu)微(wei)波(bo)(bo)(bo)固化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)(ji)體(ti)存在(zai)一(yi)些技術不足(zu):一(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)(ji)體(ti)組成單(dan)一(yi),所選(xuan)用樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)分子極性(xing)(xing)(xing)低(di)(di),整個樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)(ji)體(ti)的(de)(de)微(wei)波(bo)(bo)(bo)響(xiang)應(ying)(ying)性(xing)(xing)(xing)差(cha)且最終固化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)度(du)不高(gao);二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)(ji)體(ti)的(de)(de)微(wei)波(bo)(bo)(bo)固化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)藝過(guo)于(yu)簡單(dan),微(wei)波(bo)(bo)(bo)固化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)效率低(di)(di)且與(yu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)微(wei)波(bo)(bo)(bo)反應(ying)(ying)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)匹配性(xing)(xing)(xing)差(cha);三是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)(ji)體(ti)的(de)(de)粘度(du)偏高(gao),與(yu)纖(xian)維的(de)(de)界面浸潤性(xing)(xing)(xing)差(cha),無法用于(yu)纏繞等(deng)液體(ti)成型工(gong)藝。因此,為了(le)(le)(le)滿(man)足(zu)微(wei)波(bo)(bo)(bo)固化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)低(di)(di)粘度(du)成型工(gong)藝的(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)系需求,必須開發一(yi)種(zhong)粘度(du)低(di)(di)、微(wei)波(bo)(bo)(bo)響(xiang)應(ying)(ying)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)、固化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)合(he)(he)適、力學性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)好(hao)的(de)(de)可微(wei)波(bo)(bo)(bo)固化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)(ji)體(ti)。
技術實現要素:
本發明選用多官能度的(de)(de)(de)高性(xing)(xing)(xing)能環氧樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)為主體(ti)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi),加入(ru)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)稀釋劑調(diao)節樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)體(ti)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)粘度以(yi)適(shi)應纏繞等(deng)液(ye)體(ti)成(cheng)型,選擇新型復(fu)配(pei)型固(gu)化(hua)劑來調(diao)節樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)體(ti)系(xi)對微波的(de)(de)(de)響應性(xing)(xing)(xing)和固(gu)化(hua)活性(xing)(xing)(xing),并(bing)實現其(qi)力學(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能、耐熱性(xing)(xing)(xing)能及尺寸穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能。通過調(diao)整(zheng)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)基體(ti)、固(gu)化(hua)劑、稀釋劑等(deng)組分結構及其(qi)配(pei)合比,研制出一種固(gu)化(hua)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)適(shi)合、綜合力學(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能優異、耐熱性(xing)(xing)(xing)能好(hao)、尺寸穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)高、粘度適(shi)合的(de)(de)(de)微波固(gu)化(hua)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)體(ti)系(xi)。
本發明一(yi)種(zhong)適用于微波固(gu)化樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)基體,其(qi)特征在于:主(zhu)體樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)為極性(xing)的(de)多(duo)(duo)官(guan)能(neng)(neng)度(du)(du)含氟縮水(shui)(shui)(shui)甘油酯型(xing)環(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)、含氟縮水(shui)(shui)(shui)甘油醚型(xing)環(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)、含硫縮水(shui)(shui)(shui)甘油醚型(xing)環(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)或幾(ji)種(zhong),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)(duo)官(guan)能(neng)(neng)度(du)(du)指二官(guan)能(neng)(neng)度(du)(du)或二官(guan)能(neng)(neng)度(du)(du)以上,稀釋劑(ji)為低(di)粘度(du)(du)縮水(shui)(shui)(shui)甘油醚型(xing)環(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)低(di)粘度(du)(du)指按照GB10247-2008中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旋轉法測試時(shi)25℃時(shi)粘度(du)(du)不超(chao)過1000cp;固(gu)化劑(ji)為雜環(huan)胺類(lei)、聚酰胺類(lei)、三氟化硼-胺類(lei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)或幾(ji)種(zhong);納米填料組分為碳(tan)納米纖維、蒙脫土、碳(tan)納米管或石墨(mo)烯(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)或幾(ji)種(zhong)。
本發明一種(zhong)適用于微波固(gu)化樹(shu)脂基體(ti),其(qi)特征在(zai)于:主體(ti)樹(shu)脂、稀釋劑、固(gu)化劑、納(na)米(mi)填料的質量(liang)份數配比為100:30-60:40-70:0.5-2。
制備及成型過程為:
(1)按照(zhao)(zhao)組(zu)分配(pei)(pei)比將主體(ti)(ti)樹(shu)脂、稀釋劑和納米填料在超(chao)(chao)聲條(tiao)件下攪拌混(hun)合均勻,其中超(chao)(chao)聲功率為(wei)60-100kW,溫度(du)為(wei)20-40℃,時間(jian)為(wei)1-3h;然(ran)后按照(zhao)(zhao)配(pei)(pei)比在上述體(ti)(ti)系中加入固化劑繼(ji)續混(hun)合,其中溫度(du)為(wei)50-80℃,時間(jian)為(wei)20-40min;
(2)將混(hun)合好的(de)樹(shu)脂(zhi)基體置于真空環境下進行脫氣泡(pao)處理,條件(jian)為溫度保(bao)持在50-80℃,時間20-40min;
(3)將(jiang)上述步驟得到(dao)樹(shu)脂(zhi)基體(ti)在微波(bo)作(zuo)用(yong)下固(gu)(gu)化形成樹(shu)脂(zhi)固(gu)(gu)化物,其(qi)中(zhong)微波(bo)固(gu)(gu)化頻率(lv)為(wei)(wei)2450MHz,微波(bo)固(gu)(gu)化功率(lv)為(wei)(wei)50-500W,微波(bo)固(gu)(gu)化時間為(wei)(wei)20-60min。
本(ben)發明一(yi)(yi)種適用于(yu)微(wei)波(bo)(bo)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)基體的制備(bei)方法,其(qi)特征在于(yu)步驟(3)中微(wei)波(bo)(bo)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)功(gong)率(lv)數值范圍按照3個(ge)階梯進行(xing)調控(kong),且每(mei)個(ge)階梯微(wei)波(bo)(bo)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)時間10-30min:第一(yi)(yi)階段微(wei)波(bo)(bo)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)功(gong)率(lv)為50-100W,使樹脂(zhi)(zhi)基體凝膠;第二階段微(wei)波(bo)(bo)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)功(gong)率(lv)為100-300W,使樹脂(zhi)(zhi)基體固(gu)化(hua)(hua)變硬;第三階段微(wei)波(bo)(bo)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)功(gong)率(lv)為300-500W,使樹脂(zhi)(zhi)基體完全固(gu)化(hua)(hua)。
發明效果
1)通過(guo)選(xuan)用極性(xing)的高性(xing)能環氧(yang)樹(shu)脂(zhi)為主體樹(shu)脂(zhi),加入稀釋劑調節(jie)樹(shu)脂(zhi)體系的粘度以適(shi)應纏(chan)繞等液體成型(xing)工藝,選(xuan)擇(ze)新型(xing)復配型(xing)固(gu)(gu)化(hua)劑來調節(jie)樹(shu)脂(zhi)基(ji)體對微波的響應性(xing)和固(gu)(gu)化(hua)活性(xing),加入碳納米(mi)纖維、蒙脫土(tu)、碳納米(mi)管(guan)、石墨烯等納米(mi)填料(liao)提(ti)高了(le)樹(shu)脂(zhi)基(ji)體的微波響應性(xing)及其力學、耐熱(re)及尺(chi)寸(cun)穩定性(xing)等性(xing)能。
2)通(tong)過(guo)調整樹(shu)脂基體(ti)、固化劑(ji)、稀(xi)釋劑(ji)等(deng)組分結(jie)構及(ji)其配合(he)(he)比(bi),研制(zhi)出(chu)一種固化活性(xing)適合(he)(he)、綜合(he)(he)力學性(xing)能優異、耐(nai)熱性(xing)能好、尺寸穩定性(xing)高、粘度適合(he)(he)的(de)微波固化樹(shu)脂體(ti)系。
3)通過優化(hua)微波固化(hua)功(gong)率(lv)、固化(hua)功(gong)率(lv)及固化(hua)時間(jian),確定適(shi)用于樹(shu)脂基(ji)體的微波固化(hua)工(gong)藝(yi),提高固化(hua)效率(lv)并(bing)保證固化(hua)產物有較高的固化(hua)度(du)。
以下結(jie)合表格,以具體(ti)實施方式對本發明的(de)內容進行詳細說明。表1為各(ge)實施例(li)中所用到的(de)各(ge)具體(ti)組分的(de)質(zhi)量份數,表2為根(gen)據各(ge)實施例(li)樹脂體(ti)系制備的(de)測(ce)試樣(yang)的(de)測(ce)試結(jie)果。
具體實施方式
本發明實(shi)施第一步(bu)是(shi)確定選(xuan)用的(de)(de)主(zhu)體(ti)樹(shu)脂(zhi)、稀釋(shi)劑(ji)(ji)、固化劑(ji)(ji)、納米填料(liao)(liao)及各組分的(de)(de)配(pei)比。實(shi)施第二步(bu)是(shi)根據選(xuan)用的(de)(de)固化劑(ji)(ji),配(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相應的(de)(de)復配(pei)物或(huo)反應物。實(shi)施第三步(bu)是(shi)混(hun)合樹(shu)脂(zhi)體(ti)系的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)備,通(tong)過(guo)(guo)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)超(chao)聲(sheng)功率、溫(wen)度(du)、時間將(jiang)主(zhu)體(ti)樹(shu)脂(zhi)、稀釋(shi)劑(ji)(ji)、納米填料(liao)(liao)超(chao)聲(sheng)分散處(chu)理(li),再通(tong)過(guo)(guo)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)油浴(yu)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)、機(ji)械攪(jiao)拌速(su)率和時間將(jiang)主(zhu)體(ti)環氧(yang)樹(shu)脂(zhi)、稀釋(shi)劑(ji)(ji)、納米填料(liao)(liao)和固化劑(ji)(ji)混(hun)合均勻,最后將(jiang)混(hun)合好的(de)(de)樹(shu)脂(zhi)基(ji)體(ti)在真(zhen)(zhen)空烘箱中將(jiang)氣泡脫(tuo)除干凈,同時控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)好烘箱的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)和抽真(zhen)(zhen)空時間。實(shi)施第四步(bu)是(shi)將(jiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)備好的(de)(de)樹(shu)脂(zhi)基(ji)體(ti)直接澆鑄成(cheng)型或(huo)與碳纖(xian)維通(tong)過(guo)(guo)纏(chan)繞成(cheng)型工藝(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)備成(cheng)所(suo)需產(chan)品,此階(jie)段可根據需要(yao)進行(xing)抽真(zhen)(zhen)空處(chu)理(li)以(yi)脫(tuo)除成(cheng)型過(guo)(guo)程中產(chan)生的(de)(de)氣泡。
實施(shi)例(li)中通過(guo)差(cha)示掃描量熱儀(yi)(DSC)和傅氏轉(zhuan)換紅外(wai)線(xian)光譜分析儀(yi)(FTIR)進行微波固(gu)化(hua)(hua)樹脂固(gu)化(hua)(hua)度的測(ce)定。
實施(shi)例(li)中為了通過(guo)(guo)澆(jiao)(jiao)鑄體(ti)(ti)和單向纖維(wei)復(fu)合材(cai)料(liao)(liao)基(ji)本(ben)力(li)學(xue)性(xing)(xing)能的(de)測(ce)試(shi)結果來(lai)表征樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)體(ti)(ti)系的(de)性(xing)(xing)能特點(dian),將(jiang)配制好的(de)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)體(ti)(ti)系通過(guo)(guo)澆(jiao)(jiao)鑄成型(xing)制備(bei)相(xiang)應(ying)澆(jiao)(jiao)鑄體(ti)(ti)試(shi)樣,澆(jiao)(jiao)鑄之后進(jin)行(xing)抽(chou)真(zhen)空(kong)處理,采(cai)用手動(dong)涂膠方(fang)式制備(bei)單向復(fu)合材(cai)料(liao)(liao)試(shi)樣。按照(zhao)GB/T2567-2008提供(gong)的(de)測(ce)試(shi)方(fang)法在(zai)Instron1121萬能材(cai)料(liao)(liao)試(shi)驗(yan)機(ji)上(shang)進(jin)行(xing)澆(jiao)(jiao)鑄體(ti)(ti)的(de)拉伸和彎曲測(ce)試(shi);按照(zhao)GB3356-1982和GB3357-1982提供(gong)的(de)測(ce)試(shi)方(fang)法在(zai)Instron1121萬能材(cai)料(liao)(liao)試(shi)驗(yan)機(ji)上(shang)進(jin)行(xing)單向復(fu)材(cai)的(de)彎曲和層剪測(ce)試(shi);通過(guo)(guo)動(dong)態機(ji)械熱分(fen)析(xi)儀(DMA)進(jin)行(xing)玻璃化溫度(Tg)的(de)測(ce)定;通過(guo)(guo)DV-Ⅱ+PRO型(xing)旋轉粘(zhan)度計(ji)進(jin)行(xing)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)體(ti)(ti)系粘(zhan)度的(de)測(ce)試(shi)。
下面用實(shi)施例(li)對本發明的實(shi)施方案進(jin)一步說(shuo)(shuo)明,但本發明不限(xian)于以下實(shi)施例(li)。下述(shu)實(shi)施例(li)中所(suo)述(shu)實(shi)驗(yan)方法(fa),如(ru)無(wu)(wu)特殊說(shuo)(shuo)明,均為常(chang)規方法(fa);所(suo)述(shu)試(shi)劑和材(cai)料(liao),如(ru)無(wu)(wu)特殊說(shuo)(shuo)明,均可從商業途徑(jing)獲得。
實施例1
主(zhu)體(ti)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)采用(yong)(yong)含氟(fu)縮(suo)水甘(gan)油(you)醚(DGEBHFA),稀(xi)釋(shi)(shi)劑(ji)采用(yong)(yong)苯基(ji)縮(suo)水甘(gan)油(you)醚型環氧樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(H63),固(gu)化(hua)劑(ji)采用(yong)(yong)低(di)粘度(du)聚酰(xian)胺(an)(an)V-125和(he)三氟(fu)化(hua)硼(peng)-芐胺(an)(an)Anchor1040的復(fu)(fu)配(pei)(pei)物(wu),納(na)米(mi)(mi)填(tian)料(liao)采用(yong)(yong)碳(tan)納(na)米(mi)(mi)纖(xian)維,碳(tan)纖(xian)維采用(yong)(yong)日本東麗公司T700。主(zhu)體(ti)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)、稀(xi)釋(shi)(shi)劑(ji)、固(gu)化(hua)劑(ji)和(he)納(na)米(mi)(mi)填(tian)料(liao)的質量份數配(pei)(pei)比為(wei)60:40:50::0.5。制(zhi)備過(guo)程如下(xia):按(an)照配(pei)(pei)方(fang)首先(xian)在室溫(wen)下(xia)將(jiang)低(di)粘度(du)聚酰(xian)胺(an)(an)V-125和(he)三氟(fu)化(hua)硼(peng)-芐胺(an)(an)Anchor1040混合(he)(he)均勻得到固(gu)化(hua)劑(ji)復(fu)(fu)配(pei)(pei)物(wu),按(an)照各組分(fen)的質量份數將(jiang)主(zhu)體(ti)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)、納(na)米(mi)(mi)填(tian)料(liao)和(he)稀(xi)釋(shi)(shi)劑(ji)混合(he)(he)并超聲(sheng)處理(li),超聲(sheng)處理(li)條件:功率(lv)60Kw、溫(wen)度(du)30℃、時(shi)間(jian)2h。再(zai)將(jiang)主(zhu)體(ti)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)、納(na)米(mi)(mi)填(tian)料(liao)、稀(xi)釋(shi)(shi)劑(ji)和(he)固(gu)化(hua)劑(ji)混合(he)(he)均勻,混合(he)(he)條件為(wei)油(you)浴(yu)溫(wen)度(du)60℃、攪拌速度(du)800轉(zhuan)/分(fen)、時(shi)間(jian)40min。然后(hou)將(jiang)混合(he)(he)好的樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)基(ji)體(ti)置(zhi)于(yu)真(zhen)空(kong)烘箱中(zhong)脫氣泡(pao)處理(li),條件為(wei)溫(wen)度(du)保持在60℃,時(shi)間(jian)30min。最后(hou)將(jiang)制(zhi)備好的樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)基(ji)體(ti)采用(yong)(yong)澆(jiao)鑄成型工藝制(zhi)備相應澆(jiao)鑄體(ti)試(shi)(shi)樣,采用(yong)(yong)手動涂膠(jiao)方(fang)式與(yu)碳(tan)纖(xian)維復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)制(zhi)備單向復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)材料(liao)試(shi)(shi)樣。微波固(gu)化(hua)制(zhi)度(du)定(ding)為(wei)微波頻(pin)率(lv)2450MHz,功率(lv)80W/10min+200/10min+400W/20min。試(shi)(shi)樣固(gu)化(hua)完全后(hou)按(an)照相應國標要求(qiu)打磨平整進(jin)行測試(shi)(shi)。
本實(shi)施(shi)例中各組(zu)分(fen)的具體(ti)配(pei)方設計如表1所(suo)示(shi),澆鑄體(ti)、單向復(fu)合(he)材(cai)料的力(li)學(xue)性(xing)(xing)能以及樹(shu)脂體(ti)系(xi)的其他工藝特性(xing)(xing)測(ce)試(shi)結果如表2所(suo)示(shi),由表2中的測(ce)試(shi)數(shu)據(ju)可以看出(chu)本實(shi)施(shi)例中的樹(shu)脂體(ti)系(xi)具有(you)良好的微波(bo)響(xiang)應(ying)性(xing)(xing)、固化活(huo)性(xing)(xing)和綜合(he)力(li)學(xue)性(xing)(xing)能,并且(qie)工藝特性(xing)(xing)十分(fen)適合(he)低(di)粘度成型(xing)工藝。
對比例1
不加(jia)入納米填料碳納米纖(xian)維,其他各組分的配比(bi)和實(shi)驗步驟與實(shi)施(shi)例1相同。通(tong)過對比(bi)可以看出,不加(jia)納米填料的樹(shu)脂體系力學性能及(ji)微波響(xiang)應性有(you)所下降,即(ji)添(tian)加(jia)納米填料的樹(shu)脂體系綜(zong)合性能更(geng)優。
實施例2
主體(ti)(ti)樹(shu)脂(zhi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)含氟縮(suo)水甘(gan)油醚(DGEBHFA)和(he)含氟縮(suo)水甘(gan)油酯(BGTF),稀釋劑(ji)(ji)(ji)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)芐(xia)基縮(suo)水甘(gan)油醚型環(huan)(huan)氧樹(shu)脂(zhi)(692),固化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氨(an)基環(huan)(huan)三聚(ju)磷(lin)腈(jing)HANPCP和(he)低粘度(du)(du)(du)聚(ju)酰胺V-125的復配(pei)物(wu),納米填(tian)料(liao)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)蒙脫土(tu),碳(tan)纖(xian)維采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)日本東麗公司T700。主體(ti)(ti)樹(shu)脂(zhi)、稀釋劑(ji)(ji)(ji)、固化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)納米填(tian)料(liao)的質量份數配(pei)比為(wei)70:30:45:1。制(zhi)備過程如下:按(an)(an)照配(pei)方首先在60℃下將氨(an)基環(huan)(huan)三聚(ju)磷(lin)腈(jing)HANPCP和(he)低粘度(du)(du)(du)聚(ju)酰胺V-125混(hun)合均(jun)勻得到固化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)復配(pei)物(wu),按(an)(an)照各(ge)組(zu)分的質量份數將主體(ti)(ti)樹(shu)脂(zhi)、納米填(tian)料(liao)和(he)稀釋劑(ji)(ji)(ji)混(hun)合并超聲處(chu)理,超聲處(chu)理條件:功率60Kw、溫度(du)(du)(du)30℃、時間2h。再將主體(ti)(ti)樹(shu)脂(zhi)、納米填(tian)料(liao)、稀釋劑(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)固化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)混(hun)合均(jun)勻,混(hun)合條件為(wei)油浴溫度(du)(du)(du)60℃、攪拌速度(du)(du)(du)800轉(zhuan)/分、時間40min。然后將混(hun)合好的樹(shu)脂(zhi)基體(ti)(ti)置于真空烘(hong)箱中脫氣泡處(chu)理,條件為(wei)溫度(du)(du)(du)保持在60℃,時間30min。最后將制(zhi)備好的樹(shu)脂(zhi)基體(ti)(ti)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)澆(jiao)鑄成(cheng)型工藝(yi)制(zhi)備相(xiang)應(ying)澆(jiao)鑄體(ti)(ti)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣,采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)手動涂(tu)膠方式(shi)與碳(tan)纖(xian)維復合制(zhi)備單向(xiang)復合材(cai)料(liao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣。微波(bo)固化(hua)(hua)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)定為(wei)微波(bo)頻率2450MHz,功率100W/20min+250W/30min+500W/10min。試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣固化(hua)(hua)完全后按(an)(an)照相(xiang)應(ying)國標(biao)要求打(da)磨(mo)平整(zheng)進行測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)。
本實施(shi)例(li)中(zhong)各(ge)組分(fen)的具(ju)體配方設(she)計如(ru)表(biao)1所示(shi),澆鑄(zhu)體、單(dan)向(xiang)復合材料(liao)的力學性(xing)能以及(ji)樹(shu)脂體系的其(qi)他工藝特性(xing)測試結果如(ru)表(biao)2所示(shi),由(you)表(biao)2中(zhong)的測試數據可以看出(chu)本實施(shi)例(li)中(zhong)的樹(shu)脂體系具(ju)有良(liang)好的微波響應(ying)性(xing)、固(gu)化活性(xing)和(he)綜(zong)合力學性(xing)能,并(bing)且工藝特性(xing)十分(fen)適(shi)合低粘度成型工藝。
對比例2
采(cai)用微波頻率2450MHz,功率300W/50min固化(hua)工藝(yi)進行固化(hua),其他(ta)各組分的配比和(he)實驗(yan)步(bu)驟與實施例(li)2相同。通過(guo)對比可以看出(chu),單(dan)種(zhong)功率固化(hua)產物的力(li)學性(xing)能(neng)(neng)有所下降,即添(tian)多(duo)段固化(hua)的樹脂體系綜合性(xing)能(neng)(neng)更優(you)。
實施例3
主體(ti)樹(shu)脂采(cai)(cai)用(yong)含硫縮水甘(gan)油醚(mi)(DGEBS)和(he)含氟縮水甘(gan)油酯(BGTF),稀釋劑(ji)(ji)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)新癸酸縮水甘(gan)油脂型(xing)(xing)環(huan)氧樹(shu)脂(H11),固化(hua)劑(ji)(ji)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)氨(an)基環(huan)三(san)聚磷(lin)腈HANPCP和(he)三(san)氟化(hua)硼(peng)-芐胺(an)(an)Anchor1040的(de)復配(pei)物,納(na)(na)米填料(liao)(liao)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)碳(tan)納(na)(na)米管,碳(tan)纖(xian)(xian)維采(cai)(cai)用(yong)日本東麗公司T700。主體(ti)樹(shu)脂、稀釋劑(ji)(ji)、固化(hua)劑(ji)(ji)和(he)納(na)(na)米填料(liao)(liao)的(de)質量份數配(pei)比為80:20:45:2。制備(bei)(bei)過程如下(xia)(xia):按(an)照(zhao)配(pei)方(fang)首先(xian)在60℃下(xia)(xia)將氨(an)基環(huan)三(san)聚磷(lin)腈HANPCP和(he)三(san)氟化(hua)硼(peng)-芐胺(an)(an)Anchor1040混(hun)合(he)(he)均勻(yun)得到固化(hua)劑(ji)(ji)復配(pei)物,按(an)照(zhao)各組(zu)分的(de)質量份數將主體(ti)樹(shu)脂、納(na)(na)米填料(liao)(liao)和(he)稀釋劑(ji)(ji)混(hun)合(he)(he)并超(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)處(chu)理(li),超(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)處(chu)理(li)條(tiao)(tiao)件:功(gong)率60Kw、溫度(du)(du)30℃、時間2h。再將主體(ti)樹(shu)脂、納(na)(na)米填料(liao)(liao)、稀釋劑(ji)(ji)和(he)固化(hua)劑(ji)(ji)混(hun)合(he)(he)均勻(yun),混(hun)合(he)(he)條(tiao)(tiao)件為油浴溫度(du)(du)60℃、攪(jiao)拌(ban)速度(du)(du)800轉/分、時間40min。然后(hou)將混(hun)合(he)(he)好的(de)樹(shu)脂體(ti)系置于真空烘箱中(zhong)脫氣泡處(chu)理(li),條(tiao)(tiao)件為溫度(du)(du)保持在60℃,時間30min。最(zui)后(hou)將制備(bei)(bei)好的(de)樹(shu)脂體(ti)系采(cai)(cai)用(yong)澆鑄(zhu)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工藝制備(bei)(bei)相(xiang)應澆鑄(zhu)體(ti)試樣(yang),采(cai)(cai)用(yong)手動涂膠方(fang)式與碳(tan)纖(xian)(xian)維復合(he)(he)制備(bei)(bei)單向復合(he)(he)材料(liao)(liao)試樣(yang)。微(wei)(wei)波(bo)固化(hua)制度(du)(du)定為微(wei)(wei)波(bo)頻(pin)率2450MHz,功(gong)率70W/20min+150W/20min+350W/20min。試樣(yang)固化(hua)完全后(hou)按(an)照(zhao)相(xiang)應國標(biao)要求(qiu)打磨平整(zheng)進行測試。
本實(shi)施(shi)例(li)中各組分的具體(ti)配(pei)方(fang)設(she)計如表1所示(shi),澆鑄體(ti)、單(dan)向(xiang)復合材(cai)料的力學性能以及(ji)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)系的其他工(gong)(gong)藝特(te)性測試結果如表2所示(shi),由表2中的測試數據可以看出(chu)本實(shi)施(shi)例(li)中的樹脂(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)系具有良好的微波(bo)響應性、固化活(huo)性和綜合力學性能,并且工(gong)(gong)藝特(te)性十分適合低粘度成型工(gong)(gong)藝。
對比例3
只采用氨基(ji)環三聚磷腈HANPCP為單(dan)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)劑組分,其他各(ge)組分的(de)配比和實(shi)驗(yan)步(bu)驟與實(shi)施例3相同。通過對比可以看出,單(dan)種固(gu)化(hua)(hua)劑樹脂體系的(de)微波響應性(xing)和固(gu)化(hua)(hua)活性(xing)有所下(xia)降,即復配固(gu)化(hua)(hua)劑的(de)樹脂體系綜合(he)性(xing)能(neng)更(geng)優。
實施例4
主體(ti)(ti)(ti)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)用(yong)含氟(fu)縮水甘油(you)(you)醚(DGEBHFA)和含硫縮水甘油(you)(you)醚(DGEBS),稀(xi)釋(shi)劑采(cai)用(yong)苯基(ji)縮水甘油(you)(you)醚型(xing)(xing)環氧樹脂(zhi)(zhi)(H63)和芐基(ji)縮水甘油(you)(you)醚型(xing)(xing)環氧樹脂(zhi)(zhi)(692),固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑采(cai)用(yong)低粘度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)聚酰(xian)胺(an)V-125和三氟(fu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)硼(peng)-芐胺(an)Anchor1040的(de)(de)(de)復(fu)配物,納米填(tian)(tian)料(liao)采(cai)用(yong)石墨烯,碳纖維采(cai)用(yong)日(ri)本(ben)東麗公司T700。主體(ti)(ti)(ti)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)、稀(xi)釋(shi)劑、固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑和納米填(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量份(fen)數配比為70:30:50:1。制(zhi)(zhi)備過程如下(xia):按照配方(fang)首先在室溫(wen)下(xia)將低粘度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)聚酰(xian)胺(an)V-125和三氟(fu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)硼(peng)-芐胺(an)Anchor1040混合(he)均勻(yun)(yun)得到固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑復(fu)配物,按照各組分的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量份(fen)數將主體(ti)(ti)(ti)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)、納米填(tian)(tian)料(liao)和稀(xi)釋(shi)劑混合(he)并超聲(sheng)處理(li),超聲(sheng)處理(li)條(tiao)件(jian):功率60Kw、溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)30℃、時間(jian)(jian)2h。再將主體(ti)(ti)(ti)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)、納米填(tian)(tian)料(liao)、稀(xi)釋(shi)劑和固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑混合(he)均勻(yun)(yun),混合(he)條(tiao)件(jian)為油(you)(you)浴溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)60℃、攪拌速度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)800轉/分、時間(jian)(jian)40min。然后(hou)將混合(he)好的(de)(de)(de)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系置于真(zhen)空烘(hong)箱中脫(tuo)氣泡處理(li),條(tiao)件(jian)為溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)保持(chi)在60℃,時間(jian)(jian)30min。最后(hou)將制(zhi)(zhi)備好的(de)(de)(de)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系采(cai)用(yong)澆(jiao)鑄(zhu)成型(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝制(zhi)(zhi)備相應(ying)澆(jiao)鑄(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)試(shi)樣(yang),采(cai)用(yong)手動涂膠方(fang)式與碳纖維復(fu)合(he)制(zhi)(zhi)備單(dan)向復(fu)合(he)材料(liao)試(shi)樣(yang)。微波固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)定為微波頻(pin)率2450MHz,功率50W/20min+100W/10min+300W/20min。試(shi)樣(yang)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)完全后(hou)按照相應(ying)國標要求打磨平整進行測(ce)試(shi)。
本(ben)實(shi)(shi)施例中各組分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體配方設計如表(biao)(biao)1所(suo)示,澆鑄體、單向復合(he)材料的(de)(de)(de)力學性(xing)(xing)能以及樹(shu)脂(zhi)體系的(de)(de)(de)其(qi)他工藝特(te)性(xing)(xing)測試結果如表(biao)(biao)2所(suo)示,由表(biao)(biao)2中的(de)(de)(de)測試數據可(ke)以看出本(ben)實(shi)(shi)施例中的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)脂(zhi)體系具(ju)有(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)微波(bo)響應性(xing)(xing)、固化(hua)活性(xing)(xing)和綜合(he)力學性(xing)(xing)能,并且工藝特(te)性(xing)(xing)十(shi)分(fen)適合(he)低(di)粘度成型工藝。
實施例5
主(zhu)體樹(shu)脂(zhi)采(cai)用(yong)含氟縮水(shui)(shui)甘油(you)(you)酯(BGTF),稀釋(shi)(shi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)采(cai)用(yong)芐基(ji)縮水(shui)(shui)甘油(you)(you)醚型環(huan)氧樹(shu)脂(zhi)(692)和(he)新癸酸縮水(shui)(shui)甘油(you)(you)脂(zhi)(H11),固(gu)化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)采(cai)用(yong)氨基(ji)環(huan)三(san)聚磷腈HANPCP和(he)三(san)氟化(hua)(hua)硼-芐胺Anchor1040的(de)復(fu)配(pei)物,納米填料(liao)(liao)采(cai)用(yong)碳納米管和(he)石(shi)墨烯,碳纖維采(cai)用(yong)日本東麗公(gong)司T700。主(zhu)體樹(shu)脂(zhi)、稀釋(shi)(shi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、固(gu)化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)納米填料(liao)(liao)的(de)質量(liang)份(fen)數(shu)配(pei)比(bi)為70:40:50:2(碳納米管:石(shi)墨烯1.5:0.5)。制(zhi)(zhi)備(bei)過程如下:按(an)照配(pei)方(fang)首先在60℃下將氨基(ji)環(huan)三(san)聚磷腈HANPCP和(he)三(san)氟化(hua)(hua)硼-芐胺Anchor1040混合均勻(yun)得到固(gu)化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)復(fu)配(pei)物,按(an)照各組分的(de)質量(liang)份(fen)數(shu)將主(zhu)體樹(shu)脂(zhi)、納米填料(liao)(liao)和(he)稀釋(shi)(shi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)混合并超(chao)(chao)聲處理,超(chao)(chao)聲處理條(tiao)(tiao)件:功率60Kw、溫(wen)度(du)30℃、時(shi)間2h。再(zai)將主(zhu)體樹(shu)脂(zhi)、納米填料(liao)(liao)、稀釋(shi)(shi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)混合均勻(yun),混合條(tiao)(tiao)件為油(you)(you)浴溫(wen)度(du)60℃、攪拌速度(du)800轉/分、時(shi)間40min。然后(hou)將混合好(hao)的(de)樹(shu)脂(zhi)體系(xi)(xi)置于真空(kong)烘箱中脫氣泡處理,條(tiao)(tiao)件為溫(wen)度(du)保持在60℃,時(shi)間30min。最(zui)后(hou)將制(zhi)(zhi)備(bei)好(hao)的(de)樹(shu)脂(zhi)體系(xi)(xi)采(cai)用(yong)澆(jiao)鑄成型工藝(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)備(bei)相(xiang)應(ying)澆(jiao)鑄體試(shi)樣(yang),采(cai)用(yong)手動涂膠方(fang)式與碳纖維復(fu)合制(zhi)(zhi)備(bei)單向復(fu)合材料(liao)(liao)試(shi)樣(yang)。微波(bo)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)定為微波(bo)頻率2450MHz,功率80W/10min+250W/10min+400W/20min。試(shi)樣(yang)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)完(wan)全后(hou)按(an)照相(xiang)應(ying)國(guo)標要求打磨平整(zheng)進行測試(shi)。
本實(shi)施例中(zhong)各(ge)組(zu)分(fen)的(de)(de)具(ju)體配方(fang)設計(ji)如(ru)表1所(suo)示,澆(jiao)鑄體、單向復合(he)材(cai)料的(de)(de)力學性(xing)能以(yi)及樹(shu)脂體系(xi)的(de)(de)其他工藝(yi)特(te)性(xing)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)結(jie)果如(ru)表2所(suo)示,由表2中(zhong)的(de)(de)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)數據可以(yi)看出本實(shi)施例中(zhong)的(de)(de)樹(shu)脂體系(xi)具(ju)有良好的(de)(de)微波響應性(xing)、固化活性(xing)和綜(zong)合(he)力學性(xing)能,并且工藝(yi)特(te)性(xing)十分(fen)適合(he)低(di)粘(zhan)度成型工藝(yi)。
表1實(shi)施例(li)中(zhong)各組(zu)分(fen)的質量分(fen)數
表2實施例(li)中各組試(shi)樣的力學性能和工(gong)藝性能