本發(fa)明(ming)涉及(ji)一種皮(pi)革的制備(bei)方法,具體(ti)是一種基于膠原蛋白纖維坯布結合植絨工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)制備(bei)還原皮(pi)的方法,屬于皮(pi)革加工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)領域。
背景技術:
皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)革(ge)是(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)中不可或缺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)大類(lei)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)用(yong)(yong)品,廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)于服裝,家居,汽車,公共服務等(deng)諸(zhu)多領域。皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)來源只(zhi)有(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)飼(si)養以及(ji)獵(lie)殺(sha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)膚,主(zhu)要有(you)牛(niu)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),羊皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),豬(zhu)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)以及(ji)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)特殊皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)革(ge),如鱷魚(yu)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),蛇皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)乃至鯊魚(yu)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)等(deng)。由于人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)環保意識的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高,野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獵(lie)殺(sha)被禁止,基本上人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)革(ge)目前(qian)都來自(zi)于人(ren)(ren)(ren)工飼(si)養的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家畜(chu)類(lei)動(dong)物(wu)。盡(jin)管隨著人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)飼(si)養技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高,家畜(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長周期大幅度縮短。但是(shi),依然無法滿足人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)日益(yi)增長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)革(ge)需求。一(yi)方面是(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)對皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求增長過快(kuai),另一(yi)方面是(shi)目前(qian)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)革(ge)加(jia)工工業對皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效利(li)用(yong)(yong)率較低。一(yi)張牛(niu)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)可以有(you)效使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)只(zhi)能占整個牛(niu)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)60%左右,其余(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)就被浪費(fei)了。而且,這可利(li)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)60%還(huan)存(cun)在著嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量不均(jun),只(zhi)能做(zuo)不同用(yong)(yong)途的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)切割。這又會進一(yi)步造(zao)成浪費(fei)。
現有傳統皮(pi)革加工工藝由(you)于受到(dao)動物皮(pi)革的(de)(de)先(xian)天質量、形狀(zhuang)、面積等(deng)因素的(de)(de)限制(zhi),無法獲得完(wan)全接近真(zhen)皮(pi)感(gan)覺的(de)(de)高(gao)質量皮(pi)革制(zhi)品,而以三維(wei)網絡結構超細(xi)纖(xian)維(wei)非織造(zao)布為基布的(de)(de)聚氨酯(zhi)合(he)成(cheng)革,如超細(xi)纖(xian)維(wei)革這類人造(zao)革產品,雖然能具(ju)有一定的(de)(de)吸濕透氣性、耐(nai)化學性、防水、防霉(mei)變性等(deng),可填(tian)補高(gao)端皮(pi)革制(zhi)品的(de)(de)小部(bu)分需(xu)求,但由(you)于此類合(he)成(cheng)革主要是由(you)化學纖(xian)維(wei)合(he)成(cheng),其衛生性能、與人的(de)(de)親和(he)力等(deng)仍與天然纖(xian)維(wei)存(cun)在較大的(de)(de)差距。
利(li)用(yong)廢棄(qi)的(de)皮(pi)(pi)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)原(yuan)料、提取其(qi)(qi)(qi)中的(de)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)原(yuan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)新加工制(zhi)備(bei)成(cheng)(cheng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)原(yuan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)皮(pi)(pi)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)類再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)皮(pi)(pi)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge),可解(jie)決傳統的(de)皮(pi)(pi)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)加工所存(cun)在的(de)固廢排(pai)放量(liang)大、環(huan)境污(wu)染(ran)嚴(yan)重(zhong)等制(zhi)約(yue)傳統制(zhi)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)工業發展的(de)難題。現有技術中,cn103233326a公(gong)(gong)開(kai)(kai)了(le)(le)一(yi)種(zhong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)原(yuan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)皮(pi)(pi)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge),是(shi)由(you)上(shang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)網和緊密連接(jie)在上(shang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)網下(xia)表面的(de)下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)網構成(cheng)(cheng),其(qi)(qi)(qi)中,上(shang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)網是(shi)由(you)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)原(yuan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)40-97%,粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)3-60%組成(cheng)(cheng);下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)網由(you)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)原(yuan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)92-100%,熱(re)熔(rong)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)合(he)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)0-8%組成(cheng)(cheng);此類再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)皮(pi)(pi)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)摻入粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)原(yuan)料,可降低成(cheng)(cheng)本,但當粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)含量(liang)較高時,所制(zhi)備(bei)的(de)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)皮(pi)(pi)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)手感(gan)仍(reng)與真(zhen)皮(pi)(pi)存(cun)在一(yi)定差距,且由(you)于其(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)復合(he)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),仍(reng)存(cun)在結(jie)合(he)力的(de)問題需要(yao)解(jie)決,在后續的(de)復合(he)加工過(guo)程,如結(jie)合(he)力不佳(jia),仍(reng)會影響最終皮(pi)(pi)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)制(zhi)品(pin)的(de)質量(liang);cn103233325a則公(gong)(gong)開(kai)(kai)了(le)(le)一(yi)種(zhong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)原(yuan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)皮(pi)(pi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)以膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)原(yuan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)85-99%,熱(re)熔(rong)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)合(he)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)1-15%為原(yuan)料,通過(guo)解(jie)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、開(kai)(kai)松、混合(he)開(kai)(kai)松、鋪網、刺固、熱(re)處理、切邊(bian)、收卷和包裝等步驟制(zhi)備(bei);cn103231576b是(shi)利(li)用(yong)了(le)(le)熱(re)壓粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)合(he)的(de)方法,制(zhi)備(bei)真(zhen)皮(pi)(pi)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)皮(pi)(pi)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge);cn203174410u、cn201785643u等則公(gong)(gong)開(kai)(kai)了(le)(le)以真(zhen)皮(pi)(pi)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)布為底層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),與涂層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)合(he)而成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)皮(pi)(pi)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge);此類采用(yong)基(ji)布與涂層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)熱(re)壓、復合(he)/粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)合(he)的(de)方法制(zhi)備(bei)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)皮(pi)(pi)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge),層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)間結(jie)合(he)強(qiang)度(du)及材料層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)自身強(qiang)度(du)是(shi)影響產品(pin)質量(liang)好壞(huai)不得不考慮的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)因素,且其(qi)(qi)(qi)加工過(guo)程較為復雜(za)。
本申(shen)請的(de)發(fa)明人對皮(pi)革(ge)加工(gong)過程的(de)藍(lan)濕(shi)革(ge)下腳料(liao)作為原料(liao)、提(ti)取(qu)其(qi)中的(de)膠原蛋(dan)白(bai)纖(xian)維以實現(xian)資(zi)源的(de)再(zai)生(sheng)利(li)用進行(xing)了相關的(de)研(yan)究,并取(qu)得了一(yi)定的(de)成(cheng)果,關于提(ti)取(qu)藍(lan)濕(shi)革(ge)下腳料(liao)中的(de)膠原蛋(dan)白(bai)纖(xian)維的(de)方法申(shen)請專利(li)并獲得授權專利(li)號:zl201510228478.4,專利(li)名(ming)稱:一(yi)種可(ke)直(zhi)接(jie)紡紗用膠原纖(xian)維及(ji)由(you)其(qi)制備(bei)的(de)真皮(pi)纖(xian)維革(ge)。采(cai)用該專利(li)技術獲得的(de)膠原蛋(dan)白(bai)纖(xian)維(膠原纖(xian)維)無需經過接(jie)枝改性或復合(he)即可(ke)直(zhi)接(jie)采(cai)用現(xian)有紡絲(si)工(gong)藝進行(xing)紡絲(si),采(cai)用該專利(li)技術制備(bei)得到的(de)膠原纖(xian)維進行(xing)紡絲(si)、織造(zao)成(cheng)基布,再(zai)加工(gong)形成(cheng)的(de)真皮(pi)纖(xian)維革(ge)具(ju)有抗(kang)拉強度高、耐(nai)磨、柔軟(ruan)、吸濕(shi)、吸油(you)、易染、阻燃(ran)性能好的(de)優點,尤其(qi)適(shi)合(he)于高端皮(pi)革(ge)制品的(de)生(sheng)產。
在實際生(sheng)產過程中,此類(lei)膠原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)蛋白(bai)(bai)纖維(wei)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料制得的膠原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)蛋白(bai)(bai)纖維(wei)坯布(bu)由于多是采用(yong)經緯(wei)編(bian)織方法得到,按(an)照經線(xian)和緯(wei)線(xian)相互交(jiao)織結構的坯布(bu),其平(ping)整度還不足(zu)以直接(jie)通(tong)過涂飾(shi)(shi)成膜,而(er)采用(yong)現有的涂飾(shi)(shi)工藝或(huo)涂飾(shi)(shi)劑也無法實現該類(lei)坯布(bu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料的完好成膜,制約了該類(lei)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料和皮(pi)革工業的發展(zhan)。
技術實現要素:
針對上(shang)述現(xian)有技術的(de)(de)(de)不足(zu),本(ben)發明的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)在于(yu)提供一種(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)于(yu)膠(jiao)原蛋白纖維(wei)坯(pi)布結(jie)合植絨(rong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)制備(bei)還原皮的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa),通過采用一種(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)表面植絨(rong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi),在膠(jiao)原蛋白纖維(wei)坯(pi)布這種(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)型的(de)(de)(de)坯(pi)布原料(liao)上(shang)下(xia)表面進行(xing)植絨(rong),再(zai)進一步結(jie)合移膜(mo)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)制成皮革,解決目(mu)前該類型的(de)(de)(de)坯(pi)布無法(fa)通過現(xian)有涂(tu)飾加工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)制備(bei)皮革的(de)(de)(de)問題。
本發明目的(de)在(zai)還(huan)在(zai)于(yu)提供一(yi)種上述方(fang)法制備得(de)到的(de)還(huan)原皮(pi)(pi),該還(huan)原皮(pi)(pi)具有良好的(de)真皮(pi)(pi)(二層皮(pi)(pi))的(de)感官和效果、機械(xie)性能(neng)優越等(deng)特點。
本發明的技術方(fang)案如下:一種基于膠(jiao)(jiao)原(yuan)蛋白纖維坯布結合(he)植絨工藝制備還原(yuan)皮的方(fang)法,采用靜電(dian)植絨工藝過程,包括坯布涂(tu)膠(jiao)(jiao)、一次(ci)熱(re)烘、二(er)次(ci)涂(tu)膠(jiao)(jiao)、二(er)次(ci)熱(re)烘、植絨、烘干(gan)、磨皮步驟,具(ju)體如下:
(1)坯(pi)布(bu)涂(tu)膠(jiao)(jiao):選(xuan)擇膠(jiao)(jiao)原蛋(dan)白纖(xian)維坯(pi)布(bu),采用滾涂(tu)工藝(yi),按走(zou)線速度1-5m/min,涂(tu)膠(jiao)(jiao)厚度0.05-1mm,以膠(jiao)(jiao)粘(zhan)劑進行(xing)坯(pi)布(bu)涂(tu)膠(jiao)(jiao);
(2)一次熱烘(hong):以走線速度(du)1-5m/min,將涂膠后的(de)坯布送入熱風通道,在溫度(du)40-90℃,熱烘(hong)0.5-5min;
(3)二(er)次(ci)涂(tu)膠(jiao)(jiao):采用滾涂(tu)工(gong)藝(yi),控(kong)制走線速度1-5m/min,涂(tu)膠(jiao)(jiao)厚度0.05-1mm,以(yi)膠(jiao)(jiao)粘劑對一次(ci)熱烘后的坯(pi)布進行二(er)次(ci)涂(tu)膠(jiao)(jiao);
(4)二次(ci)熱烘(hong)(hong):以走線速度1-5m/min,將二次(ci)涂膠后的坯布送入熱風(feng)通道進行熱烘(hong)(hong),熱烘(hong)(hong)溫度40-120℃,熱烘(hong)(hong)時間(jian)0.5-5min;
(5)植絨(rong):以走線速度1-5m/min,將二次熱(re)烘后的(de)坯(pi)(pi)(pi)布進行靜電植絨(rong),絨(rong)毛經過靜電處理后吸(xi)附在(zai)二次涂膠(jiao)后坯(pi)(pi)(pi)布的(de)膠(jiao)層表面,得(de)植絨(rong)后的(de)坯(pi)(pi)(pi)布;
(6)烘(hong)干:以走線速度1-5m/min,將(jiang)植絨后的坯布送入熱風通道烘(hong)干,烘(hong)干溫度梯度分布為:60-90℃,1-3min;90-120℃,1-3min;110-140℃,1-3min;130-160℃,1-2min;140-180℃,1-2min;
(7)磨皮:烘干結束,以80-300目砂紙(zhi)打磨10-120min,獲得(de)表面(mian)致密平(ping)整的還(huan)原皮面(mian)料;
其中,所(suo)述(shu)膠原(yuan)(yuan)蛋白纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維坯布是采(cai)(cai)用(yong)專(zhuan)利(li)zl201510228478.4所(suo)述(shu)的(de)可(ke)直接紡(fang)紗用(yong)膠原(yuan)(yuan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維的(de)制備方法,以藍(lan)濕(shi)革為(wei)原(yuan)(yuan)料經過剪(jian)切、超聲預處理(li)(li)、轉(zhuan)鼓處理(li)(li)、液體解纖(xian)(xian)(xian)、纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維烘干、開松除雜(za)、梳(shu)理(li)(li)、纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維表面處理(li)(li)步驟(zou)制得膠原(yuan)(yuan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維,然后再將(jiang)膠原(yuan)(yuan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維采(cai)(cai)用(yong)紡(fang)紗工藝紡(fang)成紗、織造制得。
進一步的(de),可通過常規移膜工藝將具(ju)有(you)特定(ding)紋(wen)飾(shi)風(feng)格(ge)的(de)皮膜粘接在上述步驟(7)獲得的(de)還原(yuan)皮面(mian)料表(biao)面(mian),獲得表(biao)面(mian)具(ju)有(you)特定(ding)紋(wen)飾(shi)風(feng)格(ge)的(de)還原(yuan)皮。
優選的,所述坯布涂膠(jiao)(jiao)步驟所用膠(jiao)(jiao)粘(zhan)劑為單(dan)組份水性聚氨酯膠(jiao)(jiao)粘(zhan)劑或溶劑型聚氨酯膠(jiao)(jiao)粘(zhan)劑,其固(gu)含量為20-50%,粘(zhan)度為150-5000cps。
優選的,所述(shu)二次涂膠步驟所用膠粘(zhan)劑(ji)(ji)為雙(shuang)組(zu)份水性聚氨(an)酯(zhi)膠粘(zhan)劑(ji)(ji)或溶(rong)劑(ji)(ji)型聚氨(an)酯(zhi)膠粘(zhan)劑(ji)(ji),其固(gu)含量為20-50%,粘(zhan)度為200-5000cps。
本發明所(suo)述的雙組份水(shui)性聚氨(an)(an)酯膠粘(zhan)(zhan)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)、溶(rong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)型(xing)聚氨(an)(an)酯膠粘(zhan)(zhan)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)、單組份水(shui)性聚氨(an)(an)酯膠粘(zhan)(zhan)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)、溶(rong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)型(xing)聚氨(an)(an)酯膠粘(zhan)(zhan)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)均可采用市售膠粘(zhan)(zhan)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)產品。
由于膠原蛋白的(de)表面(mian)(mian)性(xing)質與合(he)成(cheng)纖維完(wan)全不(bu)同,因此在實施本發(fa)明技(ji)術方(fang)案時,絨毛(mao)(mao)應(ying)該盡可能選擇(ze)來自動物體表的(de)真實毛(mao)(mao)發(fa)或表面(mian)(mian)性(xing)質相對更親水的(de)尼龍等材料制備的(de)人(ren)造毛(mao)(mao)。
優選的(de),所述絨毛(mao)(mao)為兔毛(mao)(mao)、羊毛(mao)(mao)、鵝(e)毛(mao)(mao)、鴨(ya)毛(mao)(mao)、牛(niu)皮絨毛(mao)(mao)、羊皮絨毛(mao)(mao)、豬皮絨毛(mao)(mao)中的(de)一種或幾種。
優選的,所述人造毛為合(he)成(cheng)纖(xian)維類(lei),如(ru)尼(ni)(ni)龍6、尼(ni)(ni)龍66、尼(ni)(ni)龍11等。
本發明(ming)相對于現有技術(shu)的有益效果如(ru)下:
(1)本(ben)發明方法通過坯(pi)布(bu)上下(xia)表面同(tong)時(shi)植絨工(gong)藝,在坯(pi)布(bu)上表面通過移膜工(gong)藝形成皮革表面的(de)質感和風格,解決了現有以膠(jiao)原蛋白纖維原料的(de)坯(pi)布(bu)無法采用現有涂飾(shi)劑和涂飾(shi)工(gong)藝實(shi)現成膜的(de)問題,為此類新型(xing)的(de)纖維原料皮革的(de)加工(gong)生(sheng)產提供新的(de)思路;
(2)本(ben)發明是以(yi)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)原蛋白(bai)纖維坯(pi)布(bu)(bu)(bu)為植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)絨對(dui)象,由于該類(lei)型坯(pi)布(bu)(bu)(bu)自身的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點,使得(de)對(dui)此類(lei)型坯(pi)布(bu)(bu)(bu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)絨的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)不(bu)僅僅是要(yao)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)外(wai)觀上的(de)(de)(de)裝飾效果(guo),更重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)是要(yao)為坯(pi)布(bu)(bu)(bu)表(biao)面皮(pi)膜(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)復合(he)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)一(yi)個足以(yi)滿(man)足要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)基底(di)(di)表(biao)面,因此,在以(yi)此類(lei)型的(de)(de)(de)坯(pi)布(bu)(bu)(bu)制(zhi)備皮(pi)革面料時,對(dui)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)絨的(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)度(du)要(yao)求(qiu)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao),而常規的(de)(de)(de)水性丙烯酸酯乳液膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)無(wu)法提(ti)(ti)供(gong)足夠的(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)絨強(qiang)度(du);本(ben)發明通過(guo)在植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)絨前的(de)(de)(de)面料處理過(guo)程(坯(pi)布(bu)(bu)(bu)涂膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao))預(yu)先(xian)采用單組份(fen)水性聚氨(an)酯膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)粘(zhan)劑或(huo)溶(rong)(rong)劑型聚氨(an)酯膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)粘(zhan)劑進(jin)行(xing)前處理,再(zai)采用雙組分(fen)水性氨(an)酯膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)粘(zhan)劑或(huo)溶(rong)(rong)劑型的(de)(de)(de)聚氨(an)酯膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)粘(zhan)劑用于植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)絨,可使先(xian)形(xing)成具有一(yi)定(ding)強(qiang)度(du)、滿(man)足坯(pi)布(bu)(bu)(bu)與皮(pi)膜(mo)(mo)復合(he)要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)基底(di)(di)再(zai)進(jin)行(xing)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)絨,既(ji)可以(yi)獲得(de)具有一(yi)定(ding)強(qiang)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)基布(bu)(bu)(bu),又可以(yi)獲得(de)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)絨強(qiang)度(du),還可以(yi)獲得(de)美(mei)觀的(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)絨效果(guo)和表(biao)面平整度(du),為后期采用移膜(mo)(mo)工藝將表(biao)面皮(pi)膜(mo)(mo)復合(he)到面料上制(zhi)備高(gao)(gao)質量的(de)(de)(de)還原皮(pi)革提(ti)(ti)供(gong)有力的(de)(de)(de)條件;
(3)本發明方法制(zhi)(zhi)得的(de)還原皮(pi)(pi)是一類全新的(de)皮(pi)(pi)革制(zhi)(zhi)品,其組成(cheng)(cheng)原料90%來自(zi)于天然皮(pi)(pi)革中(zhong)的(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)——膠原蛋(dan)白(bai)(bai)纖維,而結構(gou)(gou)設計和制(zhi)(zhi)備工藝又參考(kao)了二層皮(pi)(pi)的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)備過程,具有(you)(you)結構(gou)(gou)簡單,膠原蛋(dan)白(bai)(bai)含量高(大于80%),具有(you)(you)良好(hao)的(de)真皮(pi)(pi)(二層皮(pi)(pi))的(de)感官和效(xiao)果(guo),機械(xie)性(xing)能優(you)越等特點。
具體實施方式
下面通過實施例對本(ben)發明(ming)(ming)(ming)做進(jin)一(yi)步詳細說明(ming)(ming)(ming),這(zhe)些實施例僅(jin)用來(lai)說明(ming)(ming)(ming)本(ben)發明(ming)(ming)(ming),并不限制本(ben)發明(ming)(ming)(ming)的范圍。
實(shi)施例1采用以(yi)下步驟實(shi)現本發明(ming)所述(shu)還原皮的制備(bei):
1、膠原蛋白纖(xian)維坯布的制(zhi)備:采用專利zl201510228478.4實(shi)施例2所述的可直接(jie)紡紗用膠原纖(xian)維的制(zhi)備方法(fa),以藍濕革為(wei)原料經過剪切(qie)、超聲預處(chu)理、轉鼓處(chu)理、液體解纖(xian)、纖(xian)維烘干、開松(song)除雜、梳(shu)理、纖(xian)維表面處(chu)理步(bu)驟(zou)制(zhi)得膠原纖(xian)維,具(ju)體步(bu)驟(zou)如下:
(1)剪切:以(yi)藍濕革為原料,以(yi)皮革剪切機裁(cai)剪成生(sheng)產或設(she)備要(yao)求的尺寸(cun);
(2)超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)預(yu)處理:制備富含羥基的(de)(de)極性溶劑(ji)預(yu)處理液,調節ph為7,升溫(wen)至45℃,將裁剪(jian)好的(de)(de)藍濕革完全浸沒于預(yu)處理液浸泡24小時(shi),然后將預(yu)處理液升溫(wen)至50℃,調節ph為7.5到8,再浸泡2小時(shi),在(zai)當前溫(wen)度下進行超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)低(di)頻短時(shi)振蕩,所采用的(de)(de)超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)波條件為:頻率(lv)20khz,功率(lv)200w,超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)時(shi)間20分鐘;預(yu)處理液是由質量濃度2%的(de)(de)氫氧化鈉溶液與質量濃度75%的(de)(de)聚乙二醇溶液按照體積比1:1混(hun)合制得(de);
(3)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)鼓處(chu)理(li)(li):超(chao)聲預(yu)處(chu)理(li)(li)結束,濾去預(yu)處(chu)理(li)(li)液,將預(yu)處(chu)理(li)(li)后的藍濕革采用轉(zhuan)(zhuan)鼓處(chu)理(li)(li)工藝,首(shou)先在水相環(huan)境中轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)鼓,轉(zhuan)(zhuan)鼓轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速為(wei)15轉(zhuan)(zhuan)/分鐘(zhong),時(shi)(shi)間為(wei)5分鐘(zhong),然后停(ting)止轉(zhuan)(zhuan)鼓,排出液體,然后再向轉(zhuan)(zhuan)鼓內加入水,并且在水相環(huan)境中逐(zhu)漸添加柔軟劑氨基硅(gui)油乳(ru)液,緩(huan)慢(man)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)鼓混合充分后,再接著轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)鼓進行回軟處(chu)理(li)(li),轉(zhuan)(zhuan)鼓轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速為(wei)10轉(zhuan)(zhuan)/分鐘(zhong),溫度為(wei)25℃,時(shi)(shi)間為(wei)3小時(shi)(shi);
(4)液(ye)體(ti)解(jie)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)、纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)烘(hong)(hong)(hong)干:液(ye)體(ti)解(jie)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)、纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)烘(hong)(hong)(hong)干:將經(jing)過(guo)(guo)轉(zhuan)鼓處理、初步開松回軟的(de)(de)藍(lan)濕革轉(zhuan)入(ru)液(ye)體(ti)解(jie)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)機,通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)水(shui)力攪拌產生的(de)(de)離心力,將膠原(yuan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)以紡織纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)形式(shi)分離出(chu)來(lai);然后通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)烘(hong)(hong)(hong)干機將從液(ye)體(ti)解(jie)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)機上分離出(chu)來(lai)的(de)(de)膠原(yuan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)在烘(hong)(hong)(hong)室(shi)內進(jin)行(xing)烘(hong)(hong)(hong)干,烘(hong)(hong)(hong)干方法采用抽風和進(jin)風相(xiang)結合的(de)(de)方式(shi),采用抽風將烘(hong)(hong)(hong)室(shi)內的(de)(de)潮濕空氣抽出(chu)干燥后再通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)進(jin)風方式(shi)將其輸送如(ru)烘(hong)(hong)(hong)室(shi)內,如(ru)此(ci)循環進(jin)行(xing)烘(hong)(hong)(hong)干,直至(zhi)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)的(de)(de)水(shui)分含量(liang)30%,所采用烘(hong)(hong)(hong)干溫度為75℃;
(5)將烘干后的(de)纖(xian)維采用開(kai)(kai)松工藝(yi)進行開(kai)(kai)松,開(kai)(kai)松方(fang)法(fa)為(wei),在開(kai)(kai)松輥直(zhi)徑(jing)為(wei)φ380mm、轉速為(wei)600rpm的(de)參數下進行開(kai)(kai)松處理,并(bing)去除了纖(xian)維以外(wai)的(de)雜質(zhi),獲得成(cheng)束膠原纖(xian)維;再通過梳理機,將成(cheng)束的(de)膠原纖(xian)維梳理成(cheng)單纖(xian)維狀態的(de)膠原纖(xian)維,梳理機上的(de)具體參數為(wei),溫度(du)為(wei)27℃、濕度(du)為(wei)75%、出網(wang)速度(du)為(wei)3.5m/min;
(6)纖維表(biao)面(mian)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li):將步驟(5)獲得的膠(jiao)原纖維在氮氣保護條件(jian)下置(zhi)于脈(mo)沖電場(chang)進行(xing)表(biao)面(mian)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li),處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)條件(jian)為(wei):脈(mo)沖頻率(lv)25hz、電場(chang)強度為(wei)20kv/cm,處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)時(shi)間10s,獲得膠(jiao)原纖維;
(7)坯布織造(zao):采用環(huan)錠紡紡紗工藝紡成(cheng)紗、織造(zao)基(ji)布,制得膠(jiao)原蛋白纖(xian)維坯布;
2、植絨:
(1)坯布涂(tu)膠(jiao)(jiao):采(cai)用滾(gun)涂(tu)工藝,按走線速(su)度(du)3m/min,涂(tu)膠(jiao)(jiao)厚(hou)度(du)0.05mm,以固含量30-35%,粘度(du)為1000-1100cps的單(dan)組(zu)份溶劑型聚氨酯膠(jiao)(jiao)粘劑對(dui)步驟1制(zhi)得(de)的膠(jiao)(jiao)原蛋白纖(xian)維進(jin)行坯布涂(tu)膠(jiao)(jiao);
(2)一次熱烘:以走線速(su)度1m/min,將涂(tu)膠后的坯(pi)布送入熱風通道,在溫度50℃,熱烘5min;
(3)二次(ci)(ci)涂(tu)膠(jiao):采用(yong)滾涂(tu)工藝,控制走線速度3m/min,涂(tu)膠(jiao)厚(hou)度1mm,以固(gu)含量(liang)40-45%,粘度為2000-2500cps的(de)雙組份溶(rong)劑(ji)型聚氨酯(zhi)膠(jiao)粘劑(ji)對一(yi)次(ci)(ci)熱(re)烘后的(de)坯布進行二次(ci)(ci)涂(tu)膠(jiao);
(4)二(er)次熱(re)烘(hong)(hong)(hong):以走線速度3m/min,將二(er)次涂膠后的(de)坯布送入熱(re)風通道進行(xing)熱(re)烘(hong)(hong)(hong),熱(re)烘(hong)(hong)(hong)溫度95℃,熱(re)烘(hong)(hong)(hong)時(shi)間(jian)3min;
(5)植(zhi)(zhi)絨(rong):以走線(xian)速度3m/min,將二次(ci)熱烘后(hou)的(de)(de)坯布進行靜電植(zhi)(zhi)絨(rong),絨(rong)毛經過靜電處理后(hou)吸(xi)附在二次(ci)涂膠(jiao)后(hou)坯布的(de)(de)膠(jiao)層表面,得植(zhi)(zhi)絨(rong)后(hou)的(de)(de)坯布;所采用的(de)(de)絨(rong)毛為50%鵝毛、50%鴨毛;
(6)烘(hong)干:以走線速度(du)1m/min,將植(zhi)絨(rong)后的(de)坯(pi)布送(song)入熱(re)風通(tong)道烘(hong)干,烘(hong)干溫度(du)梯度(du)分布為(wei):60-65℃,3min;90-95℃,2.5min;110-115℃,2min;130-135℃,1.5min;140-145℃,1min;
(7)磨皮(pi):烘(hong)干結(jie)束,以200目砂紙打磨60min,獲得表面致密平整的還原(yuan)皮(pi)面料。
經測試,本實施(shi)例制備(bei)的(de)還(huan)原皮(pi)面料,其(qi)性(xing)能(neng)制備(bei)如下:爆(bao)裂(lie)(lie)強(qiang)度198.5n,經向(xiang)(xiang)撕(si)裂(lie)(lie)強(qiang)17.5度,緯向(xiang)(xiang)撕(si)裂(lie)(lie)強(qiang)49.3n,經向(xiang)(xiang)抗拉強(qiang)度9.3mpa,伸(shen)長率(lv):60.4%;緯向(xiang)(xiang)抗拉強(qiang)度18.6mpa,伸(shen)長率(lv):38.2%。
實(shi)施例2采用以下步驟實(shi)現本發明所述還原皮(pi)的制(zhi)備:
1、膠原(yuan)蛋白纖(xian)維(wei)坯布的制(zhi)備(bei):采用(yong)專利zl201510228478.4實施例(li)3所(suo)述的可直(zhi)接紡紗用(yong)膠原(yuan)纖(xian)維(wei)的制(zhi)備(bei)方法,以(yi)藍濕革為原(yuan)料經(jing)過剪(jian)切、超聲預處理(li)(li)、轉鼓處理(li)(li)、液體解纖(xian)、纖(xian)維(wei)烘干(gan)、開松除雜、梳理(li)(li)、纖(xian)維(wei)表(biao)面處理(li)(li)步(bu)(bu)驟制(zhi)得膠原(yuan)纖(xian)維(wei),具體步(bu)(bu)驟如下:
(1)剪(jian)(jian)切(qie):以藍(lan)濕革為(wei)原料,以皮革剪(jian)(jian)切(qie)機裁剪(jian)(jian)成(cheng)生產或設備要求(qiu)的尺寸,將(jiang)藍(lan)濕革原料浸入(ru)水(shui)池中2~5分鐘,烘干至含水(shui)率60~80%;
(2)超聲(sheng)(sheng)預(yu)處理:制備預(yu)處理液(ye),調節(jie)ph為(wei)7,升溫(wen)至50℃,將藍濕革完全浸(jin)沒于預(yu)處理液(ye)浸(jin)泡12小時(shi)(shi),然后將預(yu)處理液(ye)升溫(wen)至55℃,調節(jie)ph為(wei)7.5,再浸(jin)泡1.5小時(shi)(shi),在當前溫(wen)度(du)(du)下(xia)進行超聲(sheng)(sheng)低頻(pin)(pin)短(duan)時(shi)(shi)振蕩(dang),所(suo)采(cai)用的(de)超聲(sheng)(sheng)波條件為(wei):頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)40khz,功率(lv)600w,超聲(sheng)(sheng)時(shi)(shi)間10分鐘;預(yu)處理液(ye)是由(you)質量濃(nong)度(du)(du)10%的(de)氫(qing)氧化鈉溶(rong)液(ye)與質量濃(nong)度(du)(du)45%的(de)異丙(bing)醇(chun)與丙(bing)二醇(chun)混合(he)溶(rong)液(ye)(異丙(bing)醇(chun)與丙(bing)二醇(chun)體(ti)積比為(wei)2:3)按照體(ti)積比1:5混合(he)制得;
(3)轉鼓(gu)(gu)處理:超聲預處理結(jie)束,濾(lv)去預處理液,將預處理后的藍濕革采用轉鼓(gu)(gu)處理工(gong)藝,首先在(zai)水(shui)相(xiang)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)轉動轉鼓(gu)(gu),轉鼓(gu)(gu)轉速為(wei)8轉/分(fen)(fen)鐘,時(shi)間為(wei)5分(fen)(fen)鐘,然(ran)(ran)后停止(zhi)轉鼓(gu)(gu),排出(chu)液體,然(ran)(ran)后再向轉鼓(gu)(gu)內(nei)加入水(shui),并且(qie)在(zai)水(shui)相(xiang)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)逐漸添(tian)加柔軟劑氨基硅(gui)油乳液,緩慢轉動轉鼓(gu)(gu)混合充分(fen)(fen)后,再接著轉動轉鼓(gu)(gu)進行(xing)回軟處理,轉鼓(gu)(gu)轉速為(wei)8轉/分(fen)(fen)鐘,溫度為(wei)25℃,時(shi)間為(wei)4小時(shi);
(4)液(ye)體(ti)解(jie)(jie)纖(xian)、纖(xian)維(wei)烘(hong)干(gan)(gan):液(ye)體(ti)解(jie)(jie)纖(xian)、纖(xian)維(wei)烘(hong)干(gan)(gan):將(jiang)經過轉鼓處(chu)理、初步開松回軟的(de)藍濕革轉入液(ye)體(ti)解(jie)(jie)纖(xian)機(ji)(ji),通(tong)過水(shui)力攪拌產生的(de)離心(xin)力,將(jiang)膠原纖(xian)維(wei)以紡織纖(xian)維(wei)形(xing)式(shi)分離出來;然后通(tong)過烘(hong)干(gan)(gan)機(ji)(ji)將(jiang)從液(ye)體(ti)解(jie)(jie)纖(xian)機(ji)(ji)上分離出來的(de)膠原纖(xian)維(wei)在烘(hong)室內進(jin)行烘(hong)干(gan)(gan),烘(hong)干(gan)(gan)方(fang)法采用(yong)抽風(feng)(feng)和(he)進(jin)風(feng)(feng)相結合的(de)方(fang)式(shi),采用(yong)抽風(feng)(feng)將(jiang)烘(hong)室內的(de)潮濕空(kong)氣抽出干(gan)(gan)燥后再通(tong)過進(jin)風(feng)(feng)方(fang)式(shi)將(jiang)其輸送如(ru)烘(hong)室內,如(ru)此循環進(jin)行烘(hong)干(gan)(gan),直至纖(xian)維(wei)的(de)水(shui)分含量35%,所采用(yong)烘(hong)干(gan)(gan)溫度為70℃;
(5)將烘(hong)干后(hou)的纖(xian)維(wei)采(cai)用開(kai)松(song)工藝進(jin)行開(kai)松(song),開(kai)松(song)方法(fa)為(wei),在開(kai)松(song)輥直徑為(wei)φ380mm、轉(zhuan)速(su)為(wei)600rpm的參(can)數下進(jin)行開(kai)松(song)處理(li),并去除了纖(xian)維(wei)以外的雜(za)質,獲得成(cheng)束膠(jiao)原纖(xian)維(wei);再通過梳(shu)理(li)機,將成(cheng)束的膠(jiao)原纖(xian)維(wei)梳(shu)理(li)成(cheng)單纖(xian)維(wei)狀態的膠(jiao)原纖(xian)維(wei),梳(shu)理(li)機上的具體(ti)參(can)數為(wei),溫度為(wei)27℃、濕度為(wei)70%、出網速(su)度為(wei)3.5m/min;
(6)纖(xian)維表面(mian)處(chu)理(li):將步驟(5)獲得(de)的膠原纖(xian)維在氮氣(qi)保護(hu)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)下置(zhi)于脈(mo)沖電(dian)場進行表面(mian)處(chu)理(li),處(chu)理(li)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)為:脈(mo)沖頻率(lv)30hz、電(dian)場強(qiang)度為20kv/cm,處(chu)理(li)時間3s,獲得(de)膠原纖(xian)維;
(7)坯布(bu)織造:采用環錠紡紡紗工藝紡成紗、織造基布(bu),制得(de)膠原蛋白纖維坯布(bu);
2、植絨:
(1)坯布涂(tu)膠(jiao):采用滾(gun)涂(tu)工(gong)藝,按(an)走(zou)線速(su)度4m/min,涂(tu)膠(jiao)厚度0.05-1mm,以固含量20-25%,粘(zhan)度為850cps的(de)單組份水性聚(ju)氨(an)酯膠(jiao)粘(zhan)劑(ji)對步(bu)驟1制得的(de)膠(jiao)原蛋白纖維進行坯布涂(tu)膠(jiao);
(2)一次熱烘:以走線速度(du)2m/min,將涂膠后的坯布送入熱風通道,在溫度(du)60℃,熱烘3min;
(3)二(er)次涂(tu)膠(jiao):采用滾涂(tu)工藝,控制走線速度4m/min,涂(tu)膠(jiao)厚度1mm,以固含量45-50%,粘度為2600-3200cps的雙組份水性聚氨(an)酯膠(jiao)粘劑對一次熱烘后的坯布(bu)進行二(er)次涂(tu)膠(jiao);
(4)二(er)次熱(re)烘(hong):以走線速度5m/min,將二(er)次涂膠后的坯布送(song)入(ru)熱(re)風通(tong)道進(jin)行熱(re)烘(hong),熱(re)烘(hong)溫度80℃,熱(re)烘(hong)時間5min;
(5)植(zhi)(zhi)絨(rong):以(yi)走線速(su)度2m/min,將二(er)次熱烘(hong)后(hou)(hou)的(de)坯布進行靜電植(zhi)(zhi)絨(rong),絨(rong)毛經(jing)過靜電處理后(hou)(hou)吸附在二(er)次涂膠(jiao)后(hou)(hou)坯布的(de)膠(jiao)層(ceng)表面,得植(zhi)(zhi)絨(rong)后(hou)(hou)的(de)坯布;所采用的(de)絨(rong)毛95.5%羊毛、4.5%羊皮(pi)絨(rong)毛;
(6)烘(hong)(hong)干:以走線速度(du)5m/min,將植絨后的坯布(bu)送入熱風通(tong)道烘(hong)(hong)干,烘(hong)(hong)干溫度(du)梯度(du)分布(bu)為:70-80℃,2min;95-102℃,2min;115-122℃,2min;135-140℃,1min;145-155℃,1min;
(7)磨(mo)皮(pi):烘干結束,以100目(mu)砂紙打磨(mo)45min,獲得表面(mian)致密平(ping)整的還原(yuan)皮(pi)面(mian)料(liao)。
實施例3采用以下(xia)步驟實現(xian)本發明所(suo)述還原皮的制備(bei):
1、膠(jiao)原蛋白纖(xian)維(wei)坯布(bu)的(de)制備(bei):采用專利zl201510228478.4實施例4所(suo)述的(de)可直接紡紗用膠(jiao)原纖(xian)維(wei)的(de)制備(bei)方法,以藍(lan)濕革為原料經過剪切、超聲預處理(li)、轉鼓處理(li)、液體(ti)解(jie)纖(xian)、纖(xian)維(wei)烘(hong)干(gan)、開松除(chu)雜、梳理(li)、纖(xian)維(wei)表(biao)面(mian)處理(li)步驟制得(de)膠(jiao)原纖(xian)維(wei)具體(ti)步驟如下:
(1)剪(jian)切:以藍(lan)濕革(ge)為原料(liao),以皮革(ge)剪(jian)切機裁剪(jian)成(cheng)生產(chan)或設備要求(qiu)的尺寸;
(2)超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)預(yu)(yu)處(chu)理(li):制備預(yu)(yu)處(chu)理(li)液(ye)(ye)(ye),調節ph為7.5,升(sheng)溫40℃,將裁剪好的(de)藍濕革(ge)完全浸(jin)(jin)沒于(yu)預(yu)(yu)處(chu)理(li)液(ye)(ye)(ye)浸(jin)(jin)泡20小時,然后將預(yu)(yu)處(chu)理(li)液(ye)(ye)(ye)升(sheng)溫至60℃,調節ph為7.5,再浸(jin)(jin)泡1小時,在(zai)當前溫度(du)下進行超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)低頻(pin)短時振蕩,所采用(yong)的(de)超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)波條件為:頻(pin)率(lv)50khz,功率(lv)400w,超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)時間15分(fen)鐘(zhong);預(yu)(yu)處(chu)理(li)液(ye)(ye)(ye)是由(you)質量濃度(du)5%的(de)氫氧化(hua)鈉溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)與質量濃度(du)50%的(de)聚乙二醇溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)按(an)照體積比(bi)1:3混(hun)合制得;
(3)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li):超聲(sheng)預處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)結(jie)束,濾去預處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)液(ye)(ye),將預處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)后的藍濕革(ge)采用轉(zhuan)(zhuan)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)工藝,首(shou)先在水(shui)相(xiang)環境中轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動轉(zhuan)(zhuan)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu),轉(zhuan)(zhuan)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速為10轉(zhuan)(zhuan)/分鐘(zhong)(zhong),時(shi)(shi)間為5分鐘(zhong)(zhong),然后停止轉(zhuan)(zhuan)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu),排出液(ye)(ye)體,然后再(zai)向(xiang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)內加入水(shui),并且在水(shui)相(xiang)環境中逐(zhu)漸添加柔(rou)軟劑三(san)元(yuan)共(gong)聚硅油乳液(ye)(ye),緩慢轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動轉(zhuan)(zhuan)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)混合充分后,再(zai)接著轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動轉(zhuan)(zhuan)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)進行(xing)回(hui)軟處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li),轉(zhuan)(zhuan)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速為10轉(zhuan)(zhuan)/分鐘(zhong)(zhong),溫度(du)為25℃,時(shi)(shi)間為3.5小時(shi)(shi);
(4)液體解(jie)纖、纖維(wei)烘(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)干:將經過(guo)(guo)(guo)轉鼓處理、初步開松回軟(ruan)的(de)(de)藍(lan)濕(shi)革(ge)轉入(ru)液體解(jie)纖機,通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)水力(li)(li)攪拌產生的(de)(de)離(li)心力(li)(li),將膠原纖維(wei)以(yi)紡織纖維(wei)形式分離(li)出(chu)來(lai);然后通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)烘(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)干機將從液體解(jie)纖機上分離(li)出(chu)來(lai)的(de)(de)膠原纖維(wei)在烘(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)室(shi)內(nei)(nei)進(jin)行(xing)烘(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)干,烘(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)干方法采(cai)用(yong)抽風和進(jin)風相結合(he)的(de)(de)方式,采(cai)用(yong)抽風將烘(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)室(shi)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)潮濕(shi)空氣抽出(chu)干燥后再通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)進(jin)風方式將其(qi)輸送如烘(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)室(shi)內(nei)(nei),如此(ci)循(xun)環進(jin)行(xing)烘(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)干,直至(zhi)纖維(wei)的(de)(de)水分含量25%,所采(cai)用(yong)烘(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)干溫度為80℃;
(5)開(kai)松(song)除雜、梳(shu)理(li):將烘干后(hou)的(de)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)采用開(kai)松(song)工藝進行(xing)開(kai)松(song),開(kai)松(song)方法為(wei)(wei)(wei),在開(kai)松(song)輥(gun)直徑為(wei)(wei)(wei)φ380mm、轉(zhuan)速(su)為(wei)(wei)(wei)600rpm的(de)參(can)(can)數(shu)下進行(xing)開(kai)松(song)處(chu)理(li),并(bing)去除了纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)以外(wai)的(de)雜質,獲得(de)成(cheng)束膠(jiao)(jiao)原纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei);再通過梳(shu)理(li)機(ji)(ji),將成(cheng)束的(de)膠(jiao)(jiao)原纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)梳(shu)理(li)成(cheng)單纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)狀態的(de)膠(jiao)(jiao)原纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei),梳(shu)理(li)機(ji)(ji)上的(de)具(ju)體參(can)(can)數(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei),溫(wen)度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)27℃、濕度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)75%、出網(wang)速(su)度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)3.5m/min;
(6)纖(xian)維表面(mian)處(chu)理(li):將(jiang)步驟(5)獲得(de)的膠原(yuan)纖(xian)維在氮氣保護條件(jian)下置于脈(mo)沖(chong)電場進行表面(mian)處(chu)理(li),處(chu)理(li)條件(jian)為:脈(mo)沖(chong)頻率20hz、電場強(qiang)度為20kv/cm,處(chu)理(li)時(shi)間5s,獲得(de)膠原(yuan)纖(xian)維;
(7)坯布(bu)織造:采(cai)用環錠(ding)紡紡紗工藝(yi)紡成紗、織造基布(bu),制得膠原蛋(dan)白纖(xian)維坯布(bu);
2、植絨:
(1)坯布(bu)涂膠(jiao):采用滾(gun)涂工藝,按走線(xian)速度5m/min,涂膠(jiao)厚(hou)度0.05-1mm,以(yi)固含量28.8-30.5%,粘度為(wei)3000-3200cps的單組份溶劑型聚氨酯(zhi)膠(jiao)粘劑對步驟1制得的膠(jiao)原蛋白纖維進行坯布(bu)涂膠(jiao);
(2)一次熱(re)(re)烘:以走線速度4m/min,將涂膠(jiao)后(hou)的坯布送入熱(re)(re)風通道,在溫(wen)度80℃,熱(re)(re)烘3min;
(3)二次涂膠(jiao):采用滾涂工藝,控制走線速度3m/min,涂膠(jiao)厚(hou)度1mm,以固含量26-29%,粘(zhan)(zhan)度為1800-2400cps的雙組份溶劑(ji)(ji)型聚(ju)氨酯(zhi)膠(jiao)粘(zhan)(zhan)劑(ji)(ji)對一(yi)次熱烘(hong)后的坯布進行二次涂膠(jiao);
(4)二次熱(re)烘(hong):以走線速(su)度(du)3m/min,將二次涂(tu)膠后的(de)坯布送(song)入熱(re)風通道進行熱(re)烘(hong),熱(re)烘(hong)溫度(du)120℃,熱(re)烘(hong)時間2.5min;
(5)植(zhi)絨(rong)(rong):以走線速度5m/min,將二(er)次(ci)熱(re)烘后(hou)(hou)的(de)坯布進行靜(jing)電植(zhi)絨(rong)(rong),絨(rong)(rong)毛(mao)經過靜(jing)電處(chu)理后(hou)(hou)吸附在二(er)次(ci)涂膠后(hou)(hou)坯布的(de)膠層表面,得植(zhi)絨(rong)(rong)后(hou)(hou)的(de)坯布;所采用的(de)絨(rong)(rong)毛(mao)為(wei)兔毛(mao);
(6)烘干:以(yi)走線速(su)度2m/min,將(jiang)植絨后的坯布(bu)送入(ru)熱風通道烘干,烘干溫度梯度分布(bu)為:82-88℃,1min;100-108℃,3min;120-126℃,2min;140-150℃,2min;155-170℃,2min;
(7)磨皮(pi):烘干結束,以80目砂紙打磨100min,獲得(de)表面(mian)致密(mi)平整(zheng)的還原皮(pi)面(mian)料;
(8)通(tong)過常規移膜(mo)工藝將具(ju)有特定紋飾(shi)風(feng)格的皮膜(mo)粘接(jie)在(zai)步驟(7)獲得的還(huan)(huan)原皮面料表(biao)面,獲得表(biao)面具(ju)有特定紋飾(shi)風(feng)格的還(huan)(huan)原皮。
實施例4采用(yong)以下步驟實現(xian)本發(fa)明所(suo)述(shu)還原皮的制備:
1、膠(jiao)原蛋(dan)白纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)坯布的(de)制備:采用(yong)專利zl201510228478.4實(shi)施例3所述的(de)可直(zhi)接紡紗用(yong)膠(jiao)原纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)的(de)制備方法,以藍(lan)濕革為原料經過剪切、超聲(sheng)預處理、轉鼓處理、液體解纖(xian)(xian)、纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)烘(hong)干、開(kai)松除雜、梳理、纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)表(biao)面處理步驟制得膠(jiao)原纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei),具體步驟如下:
(1)剪(jian)切:以藍濕革為原料(liao),以皮革剪(jian)切機(ji)裁剪(jian)成(cheng)生產或(huo)設備要求(qiu)的尺寸,將藍濕革原料(liao)浸入(ru)水池中(zhong)2~5分鐘,烘(hong)干至含水率60~80%;
(2)超聲(sheng)預處(chu)理:制備預處(chu)理液,調節(jie)ph為7,升溫(wen)至50℃,將藍濕革完全浸(jin)沒(mei)于預處(chu)理液浸(jin)泡(pao)12小時,然(ran)后將預處(chu)理液升溫(wen)至55℃,調節(jie)ph為7.5,再(zai)浸(jin)泡(pao)1.5小時,在當前溫(wen)度下進(jin)行超聲(sheng)低頻(pin)短(duan)時振(zhen)蕩,所采用的(de)超聲(sheng)波條件為:頻(pin)率40khz,功率600w,超聲(sheng)時間10分鐘;預處(chu)理液是(shi)由質量(liang)濃(nong)度10%的(de)氫氧化鈉溶液與(yu)質量(liang)濃(nong)度45%的(de)異丙(bing)(bing)醇(chun)與(yu)丙(bing)(bing)二醇(chun)混(hun)合(he)溶液(異丙(bing)(bing)醇(chun)與(yu)丙(bing)(bing)二醇(chun)體積(ji)比為2:3)按(an)照體積(ji)比1:5混(hun)合(he)制得;
(3)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鼓(gu)處(chu)理(li)(li):超(chao)聲預處(chu)理(li)(li)結束,濾去預處(chu)理(li)(li)液,將預處(chu)理(li)(li)后(hou)的藍濕革采用轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鼓(gu)處(chu)理(li)(li)工藝,首先在水(shui)相環境(jing)中轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鼓(gu),轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鼓(gu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)為(wei)8轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)/分鐘(zhong),時(shi)間為(wei)5分鐘(zhong),然(ran)后(hou)停止轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鼓(gu),排(pai)出液體,然(ran)后(hou)再向(xiang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鼓(gu)內加(jia)入水(shui),并且在水(shui)相環境(jing)中逐(zhu)漸(jian)添加(jia)柔軟劑氨基硅油乳液,緩慢轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鼓(gu)混合充分后(hou),再接(jie)著(zhu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鼓(gu)進(jin)行(xing)回軟處(chu)理(li)(li),轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鼓(gu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)為(wei)8轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)/分鐘(zhong),溫度為(wei)25℃,時(shi)間為(wei)4小時(shi);
(4)液(ye)體解(jie)纖(xian)(xian)、纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)烘(hong)(hong)干(gan):液(ye)體解(jie)纖(xian)(xian)、纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)烘(hong)(hong)干(gan):將(jiang)(jiang)經過轉(zhuan)鼓(gu)處理、初步(bu)開松回(hui)軟的藍(lan)濕(shi)革轉(zhuan)入(ru)液(ye)體解(jie)纖(xian)(xian)機(ji)(ji),通過水力攪拌(ban)產生的離心力,將(jiang)(jiang)膠原纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)以紡織纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)形式(shi)分離出來(lai);然后通過烘(hong)(hong)干(gan)機(ji)(ji)將(jiang)(jiang)從液(ye)體解(jie)纖(xian)(xian)機(ji)(ji)上(shang)分離出來(lai)的膠原纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)在烘(hong)(hong)室(shi)內進(jin)行烘(hong)(hong)干(gan),烘(hong)(hong)干(gan)方(fang)(fang)法采用(yong)抽風(feng)(feng)和進(jin)風(feng)(feng)相結合的方(fang)(fang)式(shi),采用(yong)抽風(feng)(feng)將(jiang)(jiang)烘(hong)(hong)室(shi)內的潮濕(shi)空(kong)氣抽出干(gan)燥后再通過進(jin)風(feng)(feng)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)其輸(shu)送如(ru)烘(hong)(hong)室(shi)內,如(ru)此循(xun)環進(jin)行烘(hong)(hong)干(gan),直至纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)的水分含量35%,所(suo)采用(yong)烘(hong)(hong)干(gan)溫度(du)為70℃;
(5)將烘(hong)干后的(de)(de)(de)纖維(wei)采用開松工(gong)藝進行開松,開松方法為(wei),在(zai)開松輥直徑為(wei)φ380mm、轉(zhuan)速為(wei)600rpm的(de)(de)(de)參(can)數下進行開松處理(li),并(bing)去(qu)除了(le)纖維(wei)以外的(de)(de)(de)雜質,獲(huo)得成束膠原(yuan)纖維(wei);再通(tong)過(guo)梳理(li)機(ji),將成束的(de)(de)(de)膠原(yuan)纖維(wei)梳理(li)成單纖維(wei)狀(zhuang)態的(de)(de)(de)膠原(yuan)纖維(wei),梳理(li)機(ji)上的(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)參(can)數為(wei),溫度為(wei)27℃、濕度為(wei)70%、出網速度為(wei)3.5m/min;
(6)纖維(wei)表面(mian)(mian)處理(li)(li):將步驟(5)獲得(de)的膠原(yuan)纖維(wei)在氮氣保護條件(jian)下置于(yu)脈沖電場進行表面(mian)(mian)處理(li)(li),處理(li)(li)條件(jian)為:脈沖頻率30hz、電場強度為20kv/cm,處理(li)(li)時間3s,獲得(de)膠原(yuan)纖維(wei);
(7)坯布織(zhi)造(zao):采用(yong)環錠紡(fang)紡(fang)紗工藝紡(fang)成紗、織(zhi)造(zao)基布,制得膠原(yuan)蛋白纖維坯布;
2、植絨:
(1)坯(pi)布(bu)涂(tu)(tu)膠(jiao):采(cai)用滾(gun)涂(tu)(tu)工藝(yi),按走線速度(du)(du)2m/min,涂(tu)(tu)膠(jiao)厚度(du)(du)0.05mm,以固(gu)含量(liang)40.5%,粘度(du)(du)為4200cps的單組份水性聚氨酯膠(jiao)粘劑(ji)對步(bu)驟1制得的膠(jiao)原蛋白纖(xian)維進行坯(pi)布(bu)涂(tu)(tu)膠(jiao);
(2)一(yi)次熱烘(hong)(hong):以走線速度12m/min,將涂膠后的坯布送(song)入(ru)熱風通道(dao),在溫度75℃,熱烘(hong)(hong)3min;
(3)二次涂(tu)膠:采用滾涂(tu)工(gong)藝(yi),控制走線速度(du)4m/min,涂(tu)膠厚度(du)0.05mm,以固(gu)含量30-35%,粘(zhan)度(du)為2700-2800cps的雙組份水性聚氨(an)酯膠粘(zhan)劑對(dui)一次熱(re)烘后的坯布進行二次涂(tu)膠;
(4)二次熱(re)烘(hong):以走線速(su)度(du)4m/min,將二次涂膠后的坯布送入熱(re)風通道進(jin)行熱(re)烘(hong),熱(re)烘(hong)溫度(du)110℃,熱(re)烘(hong)時間(jian)5min;
(5)植(zhi)絨(rong)(rong):以走線速度1m/min,將二次熱烘(hong)后的(de)坯(pi)(pi)布(bu)進行靜電植(zhi)絨(rong)(rong),絨(rong)(rong)毛(mao)經過(guo)靜電處(chu)理后吸(xi)附在二次涂膠(jiao)后坯(pi)(pi)布(bu)的(de)膠(jiao)層表面,得植(zhi)絨(rong)(rong)后的(de)坯(pi)(pi)布(bu);所(suo)采用的(de)絨(rong)(rong)毛(mao)為35%羊毛(mao)、50%鴨毛(mao)、15%兔毛(mao);
(6)烘(hong)干:以走線速度(du)3m/min,將植絨后的坯布送入熱風通(tong)道烘(hong)干,烘(hong)干溫度(du)梯度(du)分布為:85-90℃,2min;105-120℃,3min;130-140℃,2min;150-160℃,1.5min;170-180℃,1.5min;
(7)磨皮:烘干結束,以300目砂(sha)紙打磨30min,獲得表面致密平整(zheng)的還(huan)原皮面料;
(8)通過(guo)常規(gui)移膜工藝(yi)將具有特定(ding)紋飾風格的(de)皮(pi)膜粘接在步(bu)驟(7)獲得(de)的(de)還(huan)原(yuan)皮(pi)面料表(biao)面,獲得(de)表(biao)面具有特定(ding)紋飾風格的(de)還(huan)原(yuan)皮(pi)。