本發明(ming)涉(she)及(ji)環(huan)境監(jian)測技術領(ling)域(yu)，具體涉(she)及(ji)一(yi)種(zhong)基于zigbee和gprs網絡的自然災害監(jian)測系統及(ji)方法。

背景技術：

我國是(shi)(shi)受自然災(zai)害(hai)(hai)危害(hai)(hai)最(zui)為嚴重的(de)(de)國家之一(yi)，每年(nian)都(dou)會有大量的(de)(de)自然環(huan)境由(you)于(yu)突如其來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)災(zai)害(hai)(hai)被破壞掉，而(er)目前的(de)(de)技術手段仍舊比(bi)較傳統，主要依靠建立觀察點來(lai)(lai)進行預(yu)警和防范。這樣(yang)的(de)(de)手段效(xiao)率低，災(zai)害(hai)(hai)發現和預(yu)警不及(ji)時，一(yi)般都(dou)是(shi)(shi)在災(zai)害(hai)(hai)發生或(huo)即將發生的(de)(de)情況下才(cai)產(chan)生作用。

目(mu)前的(de)物理網(wang)環(huan)境信息采集(ji)(ji)網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)，有以(yi)手機信息采集(ji)(ji)為(wei)數據(ju)源的(de)城市(shi)檢(jian)測(ce)網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)，但這(zhe)方式只適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)人(ren)口(kou)密集(ji)(ji)的(de)區(qu)域，大(da)(da)量的(de)自然環(huan)境地區(qu)無法(fa)得(de)到檢(jian)測(ce)。而現有的(de)自然環(huan)境監測(ce)采用(yong)(yong)藍(lan)牙，wifi等(deng)方案(an)的(de)系(xi)統，功耗(hao)大(da)(da)、續航短(duan)，受供電的(de)限制較大(da)(da)。而使用(yong)(yong)zigbee網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)的(de)監測(ce)系(xi)統，也存在著網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)穩定性可靠性不佳，容易(yi)出故障(zhang)等(deng)問題。

技術實現要素：

(一(yi))要(yao)解決的(de)技(ji)術問題(ti)

本發明要解決的技術(shu)問題是：如何設計(ji)一種可靠性高、穩定性強，適用于野(ye)外自然環(huan)境的自然災(zai)害(hai)監(jian)(jian)測系統及監(jian)(jian)測方(fang)法。

(二)技術方案

為了解決上(shang)述技術問題(ti)，本發明提(ti)供了一(yi)種(zhong)基于zigbee和gprs網(wang)絡的自(zi)然災害(hai)監測系統，包括(kuo)：由zigbee節點組成的zigbee環境監測網(wang)絡、由zigbee子網(wang)根節點和arm網(wang)關構成的網(wang)關數(shu)據處(chu)理(li)平(ping)臺、遠程控制(zhi)處(chu)理(li)中(zhong)心以(yi)及(ji)gprs網(wang)絡；

所(suo)(suo)述(shu)zigbee環境(jing)監測網絡包括路(lu)(lu)(lu)由(you)節(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，所(suo)(suo)述(shu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)由(you)節(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)帶位置(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)息的(de)(de)固定(ding)(ding)節(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，放置(zhi)(zhi)于預設的(de)(de)位置(zhi)(zhi)，所(suo)(suo)述(shu)終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)無位置(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)息的(de)(de)普通(tong)節(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，位置(zhi)(zhi)根據(ju)三(san)角定(ding)(ding)位法計算得出；所(suo)(suo)述(shu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)由(you)節(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)(shang)均掛接傳感器(qi)，用(yong)(yong)于采(cai)(cai)集(ji)實時環境(jing)數據(ju)；所(suo)(suo)述(shu)zigbee環境(jing)監測網絡采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)雙層樹(shu)形網絡結構(gou)，任(ren)一終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)都和兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)或兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)以上(shang)(shang)路(lu)(lu)(lu)由(you)節(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)連接，路(lu)(lu)(lu)由(you)節(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之間(jian)也有多條(tiao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)徑連接，最終(zhong)(zhong)數據(ju)都匯集(ji)到(dao)(dao)zigbee子(zi)(zi)網根節(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)處，當任(ren)一終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或路(lu)(lu)(lu)由(you)節(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)收(shou)發數據(ju)時，都至(zhi)少有兩條(tiao)物理(li)(li)路(lu)(lu)(lu)徑和zigbee子(zi)(zi)網根節(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)相通(tong)；每個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)zigbee子(zi)(zi)網根節(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為中(zhong)心，與對應(ying)的(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)(lu)由(you)節(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)組成一個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)zigbee子(zi)(zi)網，所(suo)(suo)述(shu)zigbee環境(jing)監測網絡對應(ying)多個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)zigbee子(zi)(zi)網，各zigbee子(zi)(zi)網的(de)(de)終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和路(lu)(lu)(lu)由(you)節(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)(shang)傳感器(qi)采(cai)(cai)集(ji)的(de)(de)實時環境(jing)數據(ju)都上(shang)(shang)傳到(dao)(dao)本zigbee子(zi)(zi)網的(de)(de)zigbee子(zi)(zi)網根節(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；每個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)zigbee子(zi)(zi)網根據(ju)其自身(shen)信(xin)息在遠程控制(zhi)處理(li)(li)中(zhong)心都生成相應(ying)的(de)(de)位置(zhi)(zhi)分布圖和數據(ju)庫(ku)；

所述網(wang)關數據處理(li)平臺中，每個(ge)arm網(wang)關連接多個(ge)zigbee子網(wang)根(gen)節點(dian)，arm網(wang)關用(yong)于將zigbee子網(wang)根(gen)節點(dian)接收到(dao)(dao)的實時環(huan)境數據再進行地址、協議轉換，冗余篩選和分包壓縮處理(li)，以減少數據傳出(chu)量，再經所述gprs網(wang)絡傳到(dao)(dao)遠程控(kong)制處理(li)中心；

所述遠程(cheng)控制處理中(zhong)心用(yong)于(yu)在(zai)接(jie)收到(dao)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)后，將數(shu)據(ju)(ju)存儲到(dao)對應的數(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)中(zhong)，通過數(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)中(zhong)的數(shu)據(ju)(ju)來判斷(duan)自然環境是否正常(chang)；所述遠程(cheng)控制處理中(zhong)心還用(yong)于(yu)發布指令到(dao)zigbee環境監測網絡，以控制zigbee環境監測網絡對數(shu)據(ju)(ju)的采(cai)集。

優選地(di)，所述系統還包括電(dian)源(yuan)模塊，用于給(gei)網關數據處理平臺供電(dian)。

本發(fa)明(ming)還提供了一種利(li)用所述的(de)系統進行自然災(zai)害監測(ce)的(de)方法(fa)，包(bao)括以下步驟(zou)：

s1、按預設的(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)布置(zhi)路由節點，在任意位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)布置(zhi)終端(duan)節點，并按照(zhao)雙層樹形網絡結構組網，形成zigbee環(huan)境監測網絡，然后根據(ju)三角定位(wei)(wei)法計(ji)算普通節點的(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)，從而進行(xing)普通節點的(de)(de)定位(wei)(wei)；

s2、啟(qi)動zigbee環境監測(ce)網絡(luo)，以各(ge)個zigbee子網根節點為(wei)中(zhong)心組成多個zigbee子網，各(ge)個zigbee子網根據其自身(shen)信息在程控制(zhi)處理(li)中(zhong)生成相應的位置分布圖(tu)和數據庫；

s3、arm網(wang)關將zigbee子(zi)網(wang)根節點接收到的實時環境(jing)數(shu)據(ju)進行地址(zhi)、協議轉(zhuan)換，冗(rong)余篩選和分包壓(ya)縮處理，以減少數(shu)據(ju)傳(chuan)出量，再經所述(shu)gprs網(wang)絡(luo)傳(chuan)到遠程控制處理中心；

s4、所述遠程(cheng)控(kong)制處理中(zhong)心在接收到數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)后，將數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)存儲到對應的數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫中(zhong)，通過數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫中(zhong)的數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)來判斷自(zi)(zi)然環境是(shi)否正常，即是(shi)否發生(sheng)或有可能(neng)發生(sheng)自(zi)(zi)然災害。

優選地(di)，所(suo)述(shu)數(shu)據庫的結構(gou)如(ru)下表所(suo)示：

其中，節點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)編號為唯一標識(shi)碼；節點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)屬性包括根節點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、路由節點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，終端節點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；父(fu)節點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為上級節點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)編號，zigbee組網(wang)是(shi)(shi)動態的(de)(de)，不同時(shi)間點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)父(fu)節點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不同，zigbee子網(wang)中，只有根節點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)沒(mei)有父(fu)節點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)；位(wei)置是(shi)(shi)固定位(wei)置或根據(ju)(ju)三(san)角(jiao)定位(wei)法計算得(de)到的(de)(de)位(wei)置；環境(jing)數據(ju)(ju)是(shi)(shi)傳感器采(cai)集的(de)(de)數據(ju)(ju)；時(shi)間戳是(shi)(shi)本次記錄的(de)(de)時(shi)間。

優選地，步驟s1中，對普通(tong)節(jie)點(dian)進行(xing)定(ding)位(wei)的(de)(de)方(fang)法為：測(ce)得普通(tong)節(jie)點(dian)相對于與(yu)其連接(jie)的(de)(de)三個固定(ding)節(jie)點(dian)的(de)(de)信(xin)號(hao)強度(du)rssi值，再根據距離和信(xin)號(hao)衰減的(de)(de)公式得到普通(tong)節(jie)點(dian)與(yu)三個固定(ding)節(jie)點(dian)的(de)(de)距離，最后根據三角定(ding)位(wei)公式確定(ding)普通(tong)節(jie)點(dian)的(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)。

(三)有益效果

本(ben)發明(ming)通(tong)過在(zai)zigbee網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)中采用(yong)雙樹形的(de)(de)拓撲結構(gou)，使(shi)得(de)任意(yi)節點的(de)(de)數據傳輸擁有兩條以上的(de)(de)路徑，不再受制于(yu)關(guan)鍵節點的(de)(de)工作(zuo)是(shi)否正(zheng)常，是(shi)否能(neng)傳遞(di)數據，增強了zigbee網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)的(de)(de)穩定性(xing)(xing)和可靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)。同時靈(ling)活的(de)(de)節點定位(wei)方式使(shi)得(de)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)的(de)(de)配置(zhi)更加靈(ling)活，在(zai)保證(zheng)位(wei)置(zhi)準確性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)同時提升了擴(kuo)(kuo)展網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)的(de)(de)便利程度(du)，使(shi)得(de)zigbee監測網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)可以方便快捷的(de)(de)擴(kuo)(kuo)展。本(ben)發明(ming)的(de)(de)系(xi)統可靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)高、穩定性(xing)(xing)強，適用(yong)于(yu)野外自(zi)然環境的(de)(de)自(zi)然災害監測。

附圖說明

圖1為(wei)本(ben)發明系統結構(gou)框圖；

圖2為本發明系(xi)統(tong)中zigbee環境監測網絡及(ji)其與zigbee子(zi)網根節(jie)點連接(jie)的(de)拓撲結構(gou)圖；

圖(tu)3為(wei)本發明系統(tong)中(zhong)網(wang)關數據處理平臺軟(ruan)件結(jie)構框圖(tu)；

圖4為本發明方(fang)法中普通節(jie)點(dian)定位原理(li)示意圖。

具體實施方式

為使本發(fa)明的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)、內容、和優(you)點(dian)更加清楚，下面結合附圖和實施例，對本發(fa)明的(de)(de)具體(ti)實施方(fang)式作進一步(bu)詳細描述(shu)。

本(ben)發(fa)明提供了一種基于zigbee和gprs網(wang)絡的(de)自然災害監(jian)測系統，包括：由zigbee節(jie)點組(zu)成的(de)zigbee環境監(jian)測網(wang)絡、由zigbee子網(wang)根節(jie)點和arm網(wang)關構成的(de)網(wang)關數據處(chu)(chu)理(li)平(ping)臺(tai)、遠程控制處(chu)(chu)理(li)中心(xin)以及gprs網(wang)絡；

所述(shu)zigbee環境(jing)監測(ce)網絡包括路由(you)節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)和終(zhong)端節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)，所述(shu)路由(you)節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)是帶位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)信息(xi)的(de)(de)固(gu)定(ding)節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)，放置(zhi)(zhi)于預設的(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)，所述(shu)終(zhong)端節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)是無位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)信息(xi)的(de)(de)普通節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)，位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)根據三角定(ding)位(wei)法計算(suan)得(de)出，這樣的(de)(de)方式可(ke)以使節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)更靈活，不用(yong)把所有(you)節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)都固(gu)定(ding)，在一定(ding)的(de)(de)范圍了布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)少量的(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)已知且固(gu)定(ding)的(de)(de)節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)，其他節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)通過三角定(ding)位(wei)的(de)(de)方式確(que)定(ding)。所述(shu)路由(you)節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)和終(zhong)端節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)均掛接傳(chuan)感器，用(yong)于采集實時環境(jing)數據。

數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)傳輸(shu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡拓(tuo)撲一(yi)(yi)般分為(wei)(wei)星形、樹(shu)形和(he)(he)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)狀形。星形網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)結(jie)構(gou)簡單(dan)，便于建(jian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)和(he)(he)管理，網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡延遲時(shi)間較小，傳輸(shu)誤差較低，但(dan)是成本高(gao)(gao)、可(ke)靠性較低、資源共享能力(li)較差。網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)狀網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡系統(tong)可(ke)靠性高(gao)(gao)，容錯(cuo)能力(li)強。但(dan)是安裝復雜、不經濟，只有每(mei)個(ge)站(zhan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)都(dou)要頻(pin)繁發送(song)信(xin)息時(shi)才使用這種方法。樹(shu)形結(jie)構(gou)是分級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)集中控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)式網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡，一(yi)(yi)定程(cheng)度上(shang)(shang)綜合了星形網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)和(he)(he)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)狀網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，但(dan)除了葉節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及其相連的(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)路(lu)外，任一(yi)(yi)節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)其相連的(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)路(lu)故(gu)障也會(hui)使系統(tong)受到一(yi)(yi)定影響。為(wei)(wei)了克服數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)傳輸(shu)可(ke)靠性不足的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，所(suo)述zigbee環境監(jian)測網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡采用雙層樹(shu)形網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡結(jie)構(gou)，如圖(tu)2所(suo)示，任一(yi)(yi)終(zhong)端節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)都(dou)和(he)(he)兩個(ge)或(huo)兩個(ge)以上(shang)(shang)路(lu)由節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)連接，路(lu)由節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之間也有多(duo)條(tiao)路(lu)徑連接，最(zui)終(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)都(dou)匯集到zigbee子(zi)(zi)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)根節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)處，當(dang)(dang)任一(yi)(yi)終(zhong)端節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)路(lu)由節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)收發數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)時(shi)，都(dou)至少有兩條(tiao)物理路(lu)徑和(he)(he)zigbee子(zi)(zi)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)根節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)相通(tong)，當(dang)(dang)中間某一(yi)(yi)節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)失效(xiao)后(hou)，系統(tong)仍(reng)能正常工作，保證了大多(duo)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)鏈路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)傳輸(shu)可(ke)靠性；每(mei)個(ge)zigbee子(zi)(zi)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)根節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)中心，與對(dui)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)路(lu)由節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、終(zhong)端節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)組成一(yi)(yi)個(ge)zigbee子(zi)(zi)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，所(suo)述zigbee環境監(jian)測網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡對(dui)應多(duo)個(ge)zigbee子(zi)(zi)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，各zigbee子(zi)(zi)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)終(zhong)端節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)路(lu)由節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)(shang)傳感器采集的(de)(de)(de)(de)實時(shi)環境數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)都(dou)上(shang)(shang)傳到本zigbee子(zi)(zi)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)zigbee子(zi)(zi)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)根節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；每(mei)個(ge)zigbee子(zi)(zi)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)根據(ju)(ju)其自身信(xin)息在遠程(cheng)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)處理中心都(dou)生成相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)位置分布圖(tu)和(he)(he)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫；

所(suo)述(shu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)關數據(ju)處理(li)(li)平臺中，每(mei)個(ge)arm網(wang)(wang)(wang)關連接(jie)多個(ge)zigbee子網(wang)(wang)(wang)根節(jie)點，arm網(wang)(wang)(wang)關用于將zigbee子網(wang)(wang)(wang)根節(jie)點接(jie)收到的實時環境(jing)數據(ju)再(zai)(zai)進(jin)行地址、協(xie)議轉換(huan)，冗余(yu)篩選和(he)分包壓縮處理(li)(li)，以減少數據(ju)傳(chuan)出量，再(zai)(zai)經(jing)所(suo)述(shu)gprs網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡傳(chuan)到遠程控制處理(li)(li)中心(xin)。

網(wang)(wang)關數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)處(chu)理(li)平(ping)臺中的(de)子(zi)網(wang)(wang)根節點為zigbee子(zi)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)的(de)一部(bu)分，在整個子(zi)無線網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)中具有(you)唯一性，一個子(zi)網(wang)(wang)中所有(you)節點數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)均發送給根節點，并由與其(qi)連接的(de)arm處(chu)理(li)器(qi)進行(xing)地(di)址、協議轉(zhuan)換，冗余處(chu)理(li)，分包壓(ya)縮后通過gprs發送給遠程控(kong)制處(chu)理(li)中心。反(fan)之，gprs數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)也需由網(wang)(wang)關進行(xing)地(di)址、協議轉(zhuan)換后，才(cai)發送給zigbee網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)。總的(de)來說，網(wang)(wang)關數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)處(chu)理(li)平(ping)臺是zigbee無線網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)與gprs網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)交換的(de)中轉(zhuan)站。網(wang)(wang)關數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)處(chu)理(li)平(ping)臺采(cai)用模塊(kuai)化分層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)設計(ji)方案，由硬件層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、軟件支持層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)和(he)應用層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)構成，采(cai)用arm9作為主(zhu)控(kong)模塊(kuai)。

圖3所示為網關(guan)(guan)數據處理平臺，其中硬件層(ceng)描述了(le)網關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)硬件實(shi)(shi)現；軟(ruan)件層(ceng)移(yi)植uc/os—ii實(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)操作系統內(nei)核(he)、zigbee和(he)嵌入式tcp/lp協(xie)議棧lwip，實(shi)(shi)現了(le)zigbee和(he)tcp/ip協(xie)議的(de)(de)雙向透明轉換，同時(shi)(shi)封裝一(yi)些關(guan)(guan)鍵(jian)api函數供(gong)應(ying)用層(ceng)程序(xu)調(diao)用；應(ying)用層(ceng)運行(xing)的(de)(de)是用戶編寫的(de)(de)應(ying)用程序(xu)，用戶可以根(gen)據實(shi)(shi)際需要使用下層(ceng)定(ding)義的(de)(de)api自行(xing)擴充相關(guan)(guan)應(ying)用。

所(suo)述遠程(cheng)控制處理中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)用(yong)(yong)于在接收(shou)到數據(ju)后，將(jiang)數據(ju)存儲到對(dui)(dui)應的(de)(de)數據(ju)庫中(zhong)(zhong)，通過(guo)數據(ju)庫中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)數據(ju)來(lai)判斷自然環境(jing)是(shi)否正常；所(suo)述遠程(cheng)控制處理中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)還用(yong)(yong)于發布(bu)指令到zigbee環境(jing)監(jian)測網絡，以(yi)控制zigbee環境(jing)監(jian)測網絡對(dui)(dui)數據(ju)的(de)(de)采集。遠程(cheng)控制處理中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)還可(ke)根據(ju)具體應用(yong)(yong)進行預警(jing)和報警(jing)。其中(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)(dui)zigbee子網的(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)分布(bu)圖繪制采用(yong)(yong)雙線(xian)性(xing)差值(zhi)(zhi)算(suan)法進行。以(yi)溫(wen)度分布(bu)為例，先把各個測量點的(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)測出的(de)(de)溫(wen)度進行標注，在x方(fang)向上用(yong)(yong)插(cha)(cha)值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)運算(suan)，再在y方(fang)向上進行插(cha)(cha)值(zhi)(zhi)，如(ru)果對(dui)(dui)于同(tong)一個點有兩個方(fang)向的(de)(de)插(cha)(cha)值(zhi)(zhi)且結果不(bu)同(tong)，則取(qu)平均值(zhi)(zhi)。

所述系統還包括(kuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)模塊，用于(yu)給網關(guan)數據處(chu)理平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)(zai)整(zheng)個系統中，zigbee環境監(jian)測網絡(luo)的(de)節點耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)很低，普通鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池即可(ke)有半年(nian)的(de)續航時(shi)間(jian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)模塊主要負(fu)責給網關(guan)數據處(chu)理平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)模塊的(de)能源(yuan)以太(tai)陽能供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為主，利用pwm控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，單(dan)片機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓采(cai)樣等現有方式(shi)將太(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池板產生(sheng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路整(zheng)合(he)為網關(guan)數據處(chu)理平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)所需要的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，并搭(da)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池提供(gong)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功能，在(zai)(zai)夜晚和陰雨天能正常供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

本發明還(huan)提供了(le)一種(zhong)利用所述的(de)系(xi)統進(jin)行自然災害監測的(de)方法(fa)，包(bao)括以下(xia)步驟(zou)：

s1、按(an)預設的(de)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)布置(zhi)路由節(jie)點(dian)，在任意位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)布置(zhi)終端節(jie)點(dian)，并(bing)按(an)照雙層樹形網絡結(jie)構組(zu)網，形成zigbee環(huan)境監測網絡，然后根據三角定位(wei)(wei)法(fa)計算(suan)普(pu)通節(jie)點(dian)的(de)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)，從而(er)進行普(pu)通節(jie)點(dian)的(de)定位(wei)(wei)；

如(ru)圖4所示，對普(pu)通(tong)節(jie)(jie)點進行定位(wei)(wei)的方法為：測得普(pu)通(tong)節(jie)(jie)點相對于與其連(lian)接的三個固定節(jie)(jie)點的信號強(qiang)度rssi值，再根(gen)據距(ju)離和信號衰減的公式得到(dao)普(pu)通(tong)節(jie)(jie)點與三個固定節(jie)(jie)點的距(ju)離，最后(hou)根(gen)據三角定位(wei)(wei)公式確定普(pu)通(tong)節(jie)(jie)點的位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)。

s2、啟動zigbee環境(jing)監測網絡，以(yi)各(ge)個(ge)zigbee子網根(gen)節點為(wei)中(zhong)心組成多個(ge)zigbee子網，各(ge)個(ge)zigbee子網根(gen)據其自(zi)身(shen)信(xin)息在程控制處(chu)理中(zhong)生成相應的位(wei)置分布圖(tu)和數(shu)據庫；

所(suo)述數據庫的結構如(ru)下(xia)表所(suo)示：

其中(zhong)，節(jie)(jie)點(dian)編(bian)(bian)號為(wei)唯一標識(shi)碼；節(jie)(jie)點(dian)屬性(xing)包括根節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(0)、路(lu)由(you)節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(1)，終端節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(2)；父節(jie)(jie)點(dian)為(wei)上級節(jie)(jie)點(dian)的(de)(de)編(bian)(bian)號，zigbee組網是(shi)(shi)動態的(de)(de)，不(bu)同時(shi)間(jian)(jian)點(dian)的(de)(de)父節(jie)(jie)點(dian)不(bu)同，zigbee子網中(zhong)，只(zhi)有根節(jie)(jie)點(dian)是(shi)(shi)沒有父節(jie)(jie)點(dian)的(de)(de)；位(wei)置(zhi)是(shi)(shi)固定(ding)位(wei)置(zhi)或根據三角定(ding)位(wei)法計(ji)算(suan)得到的(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)；環境數據是(shi)(shi)傳感器采集的(de)(de)數據；時(shi)間(jian)(jian)戳是(shi)(shi)本次記錄的(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)。

s3、arm網關將(jiang)zigbee子(zi)網根節點接收到(dao)的(de)實(shi)時環境數(shu)據進行(xing)地(di)址、協議轉換，冗余(yu)篩選和分包壓縮處(chu)理(li)，以減少數(shu)據傳出量，再經所述gprs網絡傳到(dao)遠程控制處(chu)理(li)中心；

s4、所述(shu)遠(yuan)(yuan)程控制處理中心在接收到(dao)數(shu)(shu)據后，將數(shu)(shu)據存(cun)儲(chu)到(dao)對(dui)(dui)應的(de)數(shu)(shu)據庫(ku)中，遠(yuan)(yuan)程控制處理中心軟件可(ke)根據用(yong)戶(hu)需求(qiu)對(dui)(dui)數(shu)(shu)據進行調用(yong)，對(dui)(dui)數(shu)(shu)據進行分析(xi)處理以及進行可(ke)視化圖像(xiang)呈現，即可(ke)通過數(shu)(shu)據庫(ku)中的(de)數(shu)(shu)據來判斷自(zi)然環境(jing)是否正常，即是否發生(sheng)或有(you)可(ke)能發生(sheng)自(zi)然災害。

本發明采用的(de)(de)(de)自然(ran)災(zai)害監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)系(xi)統(tong)，可(ke)以在(zai)(zai)更(geng)(geng)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)自然(ran)環境(jing)中進行多參數的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)，穩定性(xing)更(geng)(geng)佳，需人(ren)為(wei)干預的(de)(de)(de)條件更(geng)(geng)少，不需要(yao)在(zai)(zai)后期(qi)維護階段提(ti)供大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)力(li)物(wu)力(li)。監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)網絡組網更(geng)(geng)加靈(ling)活，不僅可(ke)以對靜態環境(jing)做監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)，還(huan)可(ke)以對環境(jing)中的(de)(de)(de)動物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)活動，習性(xing)等(deng)做到有(you)效監(jian)(jian)控，為(wei)科學研(yan)究提(ti)供更(geng)(geng)詳(xiang)盡的(de)(de)(de)數據。系(xi)統(tong)在(zai)(zai)一定程度上可(ke)以獨立存在(zai)(zai)，監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)范圍可(ke)由小到大(da)隨意擴展(zhan)，避免了對基(ji)礎設施的(de)(de)(de)依賴(lai)和(he)前期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)量投入，讓整個監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)(de)起步和(he)發展(zhan)更(geng)(geng)加容易實現(xian)。

以上所(suo)述(shu)僅是(shi)本發明的(de)優選實施方(fang)式，應當(dang)指出，對于本技術領域的(de)普通(tong)技術人(ren)員來說，在不脫(tuo)離本發明技術原(yuan)理(li)的(de)前提(ti)下，還(huan)可以做出若干改(gai)進(jin)和變形，這些改(gai)進(jin)和變形也應視為本發明的(de)保護范圍。