本(ben)發明屬(shu)于電(dian)機及(ji)新能源汽車設計(ji)及(ji)制造。
背景技術:
1、隨著新能源汽車尤其是純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車產(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)快(kuai)速(su)(su)(su)發展,對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動的(de)(de)高(gao)速(su)(su)(su)性(xing)能及(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)功率密度(du)提(ti)出更(geng)高(gao)要求(qiu),隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)的(de)(de)提(ti)升(sheng)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)及(ji)(ji)(ji)相關(guan)零部件性(xing)能均提(ti)出更(geng)高(gao)要求(qiu),電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)速(su)(su)(su)區軸承、齒輪的(de)(de)高(gao)速(su)(su)(su)性(xing)能nvh提(ti)出更(geng)苛(ke)刻要求(qiu),成本增加,同時安全性(xing)、故障(zhang)率等問題(ti)隨之而來(lai),雙(shuang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)特別(bie)是對(dui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)雙(shuang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)是一種(zhong)可(ke)以成倍數提(ti)升(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)功率密度(du)的(de)(de)技術(shu)方(fang)向(xiang),但(dan)對(dui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)雙(shuang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)會帶來(lai)一技術(shu)命題(ti),即:外轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)或內轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)至少其中之一的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)輸入問題(ti)是一技術(shu)工藝難點,按照(zhao)現有技術(shu)手段基本需采取電(dian)(dian)(dian)刷電(dian)(dian)(dian)環的(de)(de)摩擦(ca)接觸方(fang)式進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)傳導,尤其是針對(dui)大功率電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)來(lai)講,采用有刷方(fang)案將使(shi)得電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)壽命、安全性(xing)受到很大影響。
技術實現思路
1、在先申請(qing)“高功率密(mi)度(du)雙(shuang)盤(pan)永(yong)磁同(tong)步電(dian)機(ji)及(ji)(ji)設計方(fang)法(fa)(fa)”基礎上,本發明(ming)公(gong)開一種(zhong)分盤(pan)式高功率密(mi)度(du)電(dian)機(ji)及(ji)(ji)設計方(fang)法(fa)(fa),采(cai)用(yong)雙(shuang)盤(pan)或(huo)(huo)多(duo)盤(pan)結構(gou),類似發動機(ji)的多(duo)缸互補(bu)原(yuan)理,將直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)或(huo)(huo)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)或(huo)(huo)單相(xiang)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)進行“裂(lie)相(xiang)”完(wan)成電(dian)機(ji)的連續圓(yuan)周旋轉(zhuan)或(huo)(huo)直(zhi)線運動,此具體實(shi)施方(fang)案可(ke)以(yi)是針對直(zhi)流(liu)有(you)(you)刷(shua)電(dian)機(ji),直(zhi)流(liu)無刷(shua)電(dian)機(ji),永(yong)磁同(tong)步電(dian)機(ji),感應異步電(dian)機(ji)來完(wan)成,由于具有(you)(you)多(duo)盤(pan)互補(bu)效應,轉(zhuan)子定(ding)子極對數可(ke)以(yi)相(xiang)等(deng),可(ke)以(yi)增加(jia)單位空間內的定(ding)子轉(zhuan)子相(xiang)互作用(yong)力點(dian)數密(mi)集(ji)度(du),增加(jia)電(dian)磁力矩或(huo)(huo)磁阻力矩密(mi)度(du),可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)用(yong)方(fang)波代替正弦波電(dian)流(liu),采(cai)用(yong)適時對方(fang)波換向交(jiao)錯區進行瞬(shun)態斷電(dian)可(ke)以(yi)有(you)(you)效消除負扭矩,以(yi)上綜合措(cuo)施可(ke)以(yi)大大提升(sheng)電(dian)機(ji)功率密(mi)度(du)。
2、按(an)(an)(an)照(zhao)目前(qian)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)密度(du)(du)(du)最高的(de)(de)(de)永磁(ci)(ci)同(tong)步電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機對(dui)(dui)(dui)比(bi)(bi)(bi)分析(xi),按(an)(an)(an)照(zhao)三相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)正弦(xian)波(bo)(bo)繞組(zu)排線法(fa)(fa),極(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)數與(yu)線槽(cao)數比(bi)(bi)(bi)值(zhi)為(wei)6,而本案(an)(an)(an)采用(yong)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)或(huo)調(diao)制(zhi)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)波(bo)(bo)或(huo)單(dan)(dan)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位裂相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)差為(wei)90度(du)(du)(du),極(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)數與(yu)線槽(cao)數比(bi)(bi)(bi)值(zhi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)2,定子(zi)轉子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)點為(wei)數增(zeng)加3倍(bei)(bei);按(an)(an)(an)照(zhao)雙盤方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)波(bo)(bo)“重疊度(du)(du)(du)占比(bi)(bi)(bi)”設(she)定在(zai)95%(通過定子(zi)轉子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)恒磁(ci)(ci)阻界(jie)限面(mian)效應(ying)分析(xi),只要不出(chu)界(jie)則(ze)(ze)(ze)不會(hui)產生(sheng)負扭矩,則(ze)(ze)(ze)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)間隙(xi)接近于換(huan)向(xiang)(xiang)間歇,其斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)間隙(xi)幾乎逼近于零,可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)保(bao)守按(an)(an)(an)照(zhao)最大不超5%占空比(bi)(bi)(bi)計(ji)算(suan))計(ji)算(suan),理(li)論上(shang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)2.85倍(bei)(bei),如果(guo)將(jiang)極(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)數盡量(liang)細分則(ze)(ze)(ze)雙盤方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)波(bo)(bo)“重疊度(du)(du)(du)占比(bi)(bi)(bi)”可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)到98%甚(shen)至(zhi)更(geng)高,則(ze)(ze)(ze)理(li)論上(shang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)2.9倍(bei)(bei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang);另外,由于方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)波(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)(de)能量(liang)面(mian)積分是(shi)(shi)正弦(xian)波(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)(de)1.4倍(bei)(bei),如果(guo)考慮(lv)轉子(zi)旋轉過程受(shou)氣(qi)隙(xi)角度(du)(du)(du)及力臂角度(du)(du)(du)因(yin)素影響,按(an)(an)(an)照(zhao)1.3計(ji)算(suan),則(ze)(ze)(ze)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)密度(du)(du)(du)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)值(zhi)=2.9*1.3=3.77倍(bei)(bei);或(huo)者(zhe),實際(ji)中(zhong),也可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)按(an)(an)(an)照(zhao)標準無間斷方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)波(bo)(bo)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)換(huan)向(xiang)(xiang)時(shi)間按(an)(an)(an)照(zhao)零計(ji)算(suan),正向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)負向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)銜接點為(wei)同(tong)一時(shi)間,參見圖24)控制(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an),即使(shi)使(shi)用(yong)無刷(shua)或(huo)有(you)刷(shua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(有(you)刷(shua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)會(hui)有(you)小間隙(xi)),也是(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)做(zuo)到類似無間斷方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)波(bo)(bo)或(huo)者(zhe)是(shi)(shi)由直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)經有(you)刷(shua)或(huo)無刷(shua)換(huan)向(xiang)(xiang)器調(diao)制(zhi)后的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)波(bo)(bo)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)脈沖交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),按(an)(an)(an)照(zhao)無間斷方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)波(bo)(bo)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)無間斷脈沖交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),其理(li)論上(shang)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)密度(du)(du)(du)=3*1.3=3.9,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)名(ming)詞定義為(wei)“繞組(zu)槽(cao)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)波(bo)(bo)形凝聚法(fa)(fa)”;再結合在(zai)先申請(qing)的(de)(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)(dui)轉雙轉子(zi)工作(zuo)(zuo)原理(li)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)再提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)2倍(bei)(bei)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)密度(du)(du)(du)(命名(ming)為(wei):對(dui)(dui)(dui)轉雙轉子(zi)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)2倍(bei)(bei)同(tong)步氣(qi)隙(xi)磁(ci)(ci)場相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)轉速(su)(su)法(fa)(fa),簡稱:“2倍(bei)(bei)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)轉速(su)(su)法(fa)(fa)”),如果(guo)再按(an)(an)(an)照(zhao)在(zai)先申請(qing)的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)繞組(zu)雙向(xiang)(xiang)磁(ci)(ci)通對(dui)(dui)(dui)應(ying)雙磁(ci)(ci)鋼(或(huo)單(dan)(dan)磁(ci)(ci)鋼雙向(xiang)(xiang)磁(ci)(ci)通對(dui)(dui)(dui)應(ying)雙繞組(zu))雙作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)原理(li)還可(ke)(ke)(ke)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)2倍(bei)(bei)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(命名(ming)為(wei):“雙向(xiang)(xiang)磁(ci)(ci)通法(fa)(fa)”),則(ze)(ze)(ze)三方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)疊加功(gong)率(lv)(lv)密度(du)(du)(du)最大理(li)論值(zhi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)3.77*2*2=15.08倍(bei)(bei);或(huo)者(zhe)3.9*2*2=15.6倍(bei)(bei)。
3、分析:以上提(ti)升(sheng)能量(liang)(liang)(liang)密(mi)度(du)(du)的(de)三種方(fang)(fang)案(an),第一(yi)種方(fang)(fang)案(an)“繞(rao)(rao)組槽相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)波(bo)形凝聚法”是(shi)靠提(ti)升(sheng)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)有效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)做(zuo)功槽相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)數(shu)空(kong)間及(ji)波(bo)形面積(ji)分獲(huo)得的(de),根據能量(liang)(liang)(liang)守恒定(ding)(ding)律,其(qi)電(dian)(dian)功率必(bi)然提(ti)升(sheng)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)應倍(bei)(bei)數(shu),則(ze)(ze)熱(re)(re)功耗(hao)也(ye)會相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)應增(zeng)加(jia)(jia),所(suo)以,考慮(lv)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)密(mi)度(du)(du)太(tai)大(da)(da)發(fa)熱(re)(re)問題加(jia)(jia)劇因素,一(yi)般針對“繞(rao)(rao)組槽相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)波(bo)形凝聚法”方(fang)(fang)案(an),采用(yong)優化方(fang)(fang)案(an)有:1、減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)強度(du)(du)(注:減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)強度(du)(du)只是(shi)針對該(gai)方(fang)(fang)案(an)的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)強度(du)(du)而(er)(er)言,由于其(qi)單相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)代替三相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)因素,使得單位繞(rao)(rao)組槽內電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)有效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)功增(zeng)加(jia)(jia),定(ding)(ding)子(zi)轉子(zi)作用(yong)點增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)3倍(bei)(bei),且用(yong)方(fang)(fang)波(bo),所(suo)以其(qi)整體電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)強度(du)(du)并不(bu)比傳統交流(liu)(liu)同步異步電(dian)(dian)機小(xiao),反而(er)(er)增(zeng)大(da)(da));2、減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)繞(rao)(rao)組環滿率(環滿率定(ding)(ding)義:360定(ding)(ding)子(zi)圓(yuan)周(zhou)上繞(rao)(rao)組圓(yuan)周(zhou)陣列的(de)排布密(mi)度(du)(du)飽和率)密(mi)度(du)(du),也(ye)即(ji)(ji)(ji)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)定(ding)(ding)子(zi)轉子(zi)極對數(shu)受力點來變相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)熱(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)發(fa)生(sheng)來實現,這樣可(ke)以在(zai)不(bu)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)強度(du)(du)前提(ti)下(xia)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)繞(rao)(rao)組數(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang),進而(er)(er)降(jiang)低成本及(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang),并有足夠空(kong)間設置導熱(re)(re)間隙通道空(kong)間提(ti)升(sheng)散熱(re)(re)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率。所(suo)以,如(ru)果按照抗熱(re)(re)能力提(ti)升(sheng)1.5倍(bei)(bei)允(yun)許值設計,即(ji)(ji)(ji):允(yun)許電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)強度(du)(du)提(ti)升(sheng)1.5倍(bei)(bei)計算,則(ze)(ze)最大(da)(da)理論減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為3.77/1.5=2.51倍(bei)(bei),即(ji)(ji)(ji):在(zai)確保功率密(mi)度(du)(du)不(bu)變前提(ti)下(xia),繞(rao)(rao)組及(ji)鐵芯(xin)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)可(ke)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)輕2.51倍(bei)(bei)(假(jia)設不(bu)允(yun)許熱(re)(re)耗(hao)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia),則(ze)(ze)必(bi)須減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)3.77倍(bei)(bei)繞(rao)(rao)組比率方(fang)(fang)可(ke)獲(huo)得能量(liang)(liang)(liang)等效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)或(huo)熱(re)(re)等效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)平衡)。顯見:此(ci)方(fang)(fang)式可(ke)以增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)能量(liang)(liang)(liang)密(mi)度(du)(du)或(huo)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)機重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)級成本。
4、對于上述第(di)二(er)及(ji)第(di)三(san)方(fang)案(an),第(di)二(er)方(fang)案(an)為:“對轉(zhuan)雙轉(zhuan)子(zi)提(ti)升2倍(bei)同步(bu)氣(qi)隙(xi)(xi)磁場相對轉(zhuan)速(su)法”,此(ci)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)等效于是通(tong)過(guo)提(ti)升2倍(bei)電(dian)機轉(zhuan)速(su)來獲得(de)功率(lv)密(mi)(mi)度(du)提(ti)升,電(dian)流(liu)沒有(you)(you)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia),顯見此(ci)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)對熱(re)耗(hao)沒有(you)(you)影(ying)響,所(suo)(suo)以(yi)采用此(ci)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)提(ti)升功率(lv)密(mi)(mi)度(du)幾乎(hu)沒有(you)(you)制約考(kao)慮因素。第(di)三(san)方(fang)案(an)為“雙向(xiang)磁通(tong)法”,由(you)于電(dian)機轉(zhuan)矩(ju)密(mi)(mi)度(du)與氣(qi)隙(xi)(xi)面積成(cheng)正比,因此(ci)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)有(you)(you)效氣(qi)隙(xi)(xi)面積就意味著轉(zhuan)矩(ju)密(mi)(mi)度(du)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia),雙向(xiang)磁通(tong)可(ke)以(yi)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)氣(qi)隙(xi)(xi)面積約2倍(bei),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)扭矩(ju)可(ke)以(yi)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)約2倍(bei),此(ci)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)似乎(hu)并沒有(you)(you)增(zeng)大繞(rao)組(zu)電(dian)流(liu)(注:由(you)于反電(dian)動勢增(zeng)加(jia)(jia),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)要保(bao)證(zheng)其功率(lv)密(mi)(mi)度(du)不(bu)變其電(dian)壓需增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)2倍(bei)),因而其熱(re)耗(hao)也沒有(you)(you)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)采用此(ci)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)提(ti)升功率(lv)密(mi)(mi)度(du)也沒有(you)(you)電(dian)磁范疇(chou)制約因素,有(you)(you)空間及(ji)元件數(shu)量增(zeng)加(jia)(jia),成(cheng)本會相應增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)。
5、總結:顯見:上述三種增加能量密度方案(an),第(di)二種第(di)三種幾乎沒有制約(yue)因素,而第(di)一種如果要采用則(ze)需考慮采用更好的散(san)熱措施,比(bi)如水冷(leng)油冷(leng)或強化風冷(leng)等綜合方案(an)。
6、此方案核心創新點,采用(yong)(yong)(yong)“物理空間移(yi)位(wei)(wei)裂相(xiang)法”,使得可(ke)以用(yong)(yong)(yong)直流電(dian)(dian)或方波或單(dan)相(xiang)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)代(dai)替三相(xiang)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian),且(qie)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)在電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)力作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)元件(繞(rao)組及(ji)永磁(ci)體(ti))力學(xue)相(xiang)位(wei)(wei)關系進(jin)(jin)入“扭矩零區時的(de)越中(繞(rao)組及(ji)磁(ci)鋼二者作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)力進(jin)(jin)入力矩為(wei)零或兩(liang)側(ce)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)力平衡抵消區域)”問題通過適時斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)及(ji)雙盤相(xiang)位(wei)(wei)互補得以圓滿解決,而(er)且(qie)適時斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)也徹底消除了(le)負扭矩效應并(bing)節約電(dian)(dian)能,可(ke)以使的(de)轉子定子數量相(xiang)等,使得轉子定子的(de)相(xiang)互作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)力點位(wei)(wei)數密度大大增(zeng)加,最(zui)大限(xian)度發揮單(dan)位(wei)(wei)空間內各(ge)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)力作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)元件(繞(rao)組及(ji)永磁(ci)體(ti))的(de)功率潛能,提升功率密度。
7、注:上(shang)述(shu)“物理空間(jian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)角(jiao)位裂(lie)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)法”或(huo)稱之(zhi)為(wei)“分(fen)盤(pan)(pan)裂(lie)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)法”的(de)(de)(de)(de)物理空間(jian)分(fen)盤(pan)(pan)并沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)從實質上(shang)對電(dian)流(liu)(liu)波(bo)形進行相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位移位裂(lie)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),而是(shi)(shi)針對力矩(ju)(ju)扭(niu)矩(ju)(ju)范疇而言的(de)(de)(de)(de)裂(lie)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)越中互(hu)補,從而獲得穩定可(ke)持(chi)續的(de)(de)(de)(de)扭(niu)矩(ju)(ju)輸出;而電(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)裂(lie)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)或(huo)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)換(huan)向(xiang)(xiang)或(huo)波(bo)形移位是(shi)(shi)借助有(you)(you)(you)刷(shua)或(huo)無刷(shua)換(huan)向(xiang)(xiang)器(qi)捕(bu)捉轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)位置來(lai)適(shi)時改變(bian)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)進行換(huan)向(xiang)(xiang)或(huo)亦可(ke)以稱之(zhi)為(wei)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位移位(例如方(fang)波(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位變(bian)化(hua)),或(huo)者(zhe)通過(guo)外部控制器(qi)進行電(dian)流(liu)(liu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位變(bian)化(hua)來(lai)實現;但(dan)是(shi)(shi),此方(fang)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意義在于,將繞組密度(du)設計及有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)做功密度(du)增(zeng)大,或(huo)者(zhe),把三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)變(bian)為(wei)單相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)或(huo)方(fang)波(bo)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)或(huo)脈動直流(liu)(liu)電(dian),并通過(guo)分(fen)盤(pan)(pan)裂(lie)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)實現了電(dian)磁勢能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)連續展開,類似回(hui)旋加(jia)速器(qi)一樣,轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)連續穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)單向(xiang)(xiang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)機械(xie)能(neng),所(suo)以,其繞組的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)輸出功密度(du)大大增(zeng)加(jia),即(ji):原(yuan)來(lai)需要6槽改為(wei)2槽,三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)單相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)輸出功密度(du)增(zeng)加(jia),且可(ke)以用方(fang)波(bo)進一步提升能(neng)量密度(du)。
8、此“物(wu)理(li)空間轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)角位裂相(xiang)法”、“繞組槽相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流波形凝聚法”、“2倍(bei)相(xiang)對轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速法”、“雙(shuang)(shuang)向(xiang)磁(ci)通法”適用(yong)于(yu)(yu)所有(you)(you)類(lei)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji),可(ke)以(yi)(yi)用(yong)于(yu)(yu):直(zhi)流有(you)(you)刷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、直(zhi)流無刷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、永(yong)磁(ci)同(tong)步電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、感(gan)應異(yi)步電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、開(kai)關(guan)磁(ci)阻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)等;或(huo)者,該所述所有(you)(you)方式及組合(he)交叉方式設(she)計(ji)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)是徑向(xiang)磁(ci)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji),也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)是軸(zhou)向(xiang)磁(ci)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji);或(huo)者,也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)是有(you)(you)定子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的雙(shuang)(shuang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji),如繞組固定的內外(wai)兩側雙(shuang)(shuang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)或(huo)雙(shuang)(shuang)內轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)或(huo)雙(shuang)(shuang)外(wai)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)或(huo)內外(wai)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)或(huo)多(duo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)類(lei)型,諸如:雙(shuang)(shuang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)同(tong)-異(yi)步電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji),鼠籠(long)式雙(shuang)(shuang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji),對轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)雙(shuang)(shuang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji),永(yong)磁(ci)無刷雙(shuang)(shuang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)等。上述方法的單獨(du)使用(yong)或(huo)相(xiang)互交叉組合(he)使用(yong)均屬本(ben)專(zhuan)利保(bao)護(hu)范圍。
9、該電機的功(gong)能可(ke)以是電動機或發電機。用于發電機可(ke)以大大提升發電功(gong)率密(mi)度。
10、負扭矩現象分析:如果轉(zhuan)子(zi)已(yi)經(jing)轉(zhuan)過了(le)中位,仍然沒有換向或斷電(dian),則(ze)(ze)一(yi)定會(hui)有負扭矩,不(bu)論是(shi)電(dian)磁力矩還(huan)是(shi)磁阻力矩均會(hui)有;尤其是(shi),對于轉(zhuan)子(zi)定子(zi)數量(liang)很多且(qie)數量(liang)不(bu)等方(fang)案,采用的是(shi)差分原則(ze)(ze),則(ze)(ze)用同一(yi)臺(tai)控制器(qi)控制所有串(chuan)聯(lian)或并聯(lian)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu),很難顧及(ji)所有繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的最佳狀態(tai),則(ze)(ze)會(hui)使效率打折扣,而分盤方(fang)案則(ze)(ze)完美解決此問(wen)題,使得(de)功率密(mi)度大增!
11、所(suo)以(yi),對(dui)于開關磁(ci)阻電(dian)機的控制(zhi)策略為:其雙盤或多盤構型模式的控制(zhi)方式均必須(xu)是:越過(guo)中位(wei)即將遠離(li)的磁(ci)阻盤在(zai)此期間(jian)必處于斷(duan)電(dian)狀態,靠其他盤把其拉到合適位(wei)置(zhi)時才能給電(dian),此合適位(wei)置(zhi)為:當給電(dian)時其產生(sheng)的磁(ci)拉力可以(yi)產生(sheng)正向扭矩的區域;
12、這就是區別,對(dui)于電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)扭矩方(fang)案,則是只要一換向即(ji)(ji)可,而磁(ci)(ci)(ci)阻(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)則是必(bi)須(xu)斷電(dian)(dian),即(ji)(ji):通(tong)過(guo)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)斷電(dian)(dian)的(de)方(fang)式(shi)來獲得類似換向效(xiao)果,由于磁(ci)(ci)(ci)阻(zu)(zu)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)拉力與(yu)電(dian)(dian)流方(fang)向性(xing)無關(guan),即(ji)(ji)其(qi)沒有(you)方(fang)向性(xing),只有(you)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)阻(zu)(zu)大小有(you)關(guan),即(ji)(ji):總是沿(yan)著磁(ci)(ci)(ci)阻(zu)(zu)最小的(de)趨勢運動(dong),所以,其(qi)相鄰磁(ci)(ci)(ci)極(ji)必(bi)須(xu)有(you)一定空間(jian)距離(li),靠此(ci)空間(jian)距離(li)來構(gou)造(zao)出正向扭矩磁(ci)(ci)(ci)拉力,這就是開關(guan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)阻(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)極(ji)布(bu)局密度不能太(tai)大且必(bi)須(xu)是凸(tu)極(ji)原因;但通(tong)過(guo)分盤設(she)計,將較好解決此(ci)問題,且控(kong)制(zhi)系統的(de)設(she)計也(ye)簡化了
13、開關磁阻電(dian)機無磁鋼,無需(xu)(xu)擔心退(tui)磁問題,所以允許(xu)承(cheng)受(shou)溫(wen)度(du)會更高,加(jia)之鐵(tie)芯良好的(de)導熱及(ji)充分暢通的(de)通風通道(dao),無需(xu)(xu)采取(qu)水(shui)冷(leng),靠風冷(leng)即可;啟(qi)動(dong)扭矩大,成本低,低速高速性均好,唯(wei)一缺(que)點就(jiu)是扭矩脈動(dong)較(jiao)大,通過分盤方案(an)及(ji)差分效(xiao)應將獲得較(jiao)為圓滿解決。
14、本專利申請(qing)所(suo)述方案,以4盤架構作為(wei)案例分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析:對4層盤按照(zhao)均分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)一(yi)個轉角周期角度(du)均分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)錯位(wei)布置(zhi),將(jiang)轉子(zi)定子(zi)發生磁(ci)(ci)阻(zu)扭矩(ju)的(de)作用(yong)(yong)時間段(duan)(duan)空間段(duan)(duan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)4份(參見圖(tu)1~圖(tu)4的(de)圖(tu)集說明(ming)),此處(chu)暫且(qie)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別用(yong)(yong)a、b、c、d表示,a位(wei)的(de)磁(ci)(ci)拉力(li)最小(xiao),d位(wei)最大,并將(jiang)磁(ci)(ci)力(li)臂因素考慮(lv)進去(qu),其不同盤之間的(de)相(xiang)位(wei)差按照(zhao)此abcd四個相(xiang)位(wei)角度(du)布置(zhi),其控(kong)制方式(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei):1、多組(zu)給(gei)電,即:凡是正向扭矩(ju)的(de)繞組(zu)均給(gei)電,使得(de)其轉子(zi)軸在任(ren)(ren)一(yi)相(xiang)位(wei)角度(du)均承載的(de)是a+b+c+d矢量和,從而獲得(de)很大的(de)穩定扭矩(ju);2、在任(ren)(ren)意角度(du)時均讓(rang)磁(ci)(ci)拉力(li)最穩定的(de)一(yi)相(xiang)繞組(zu)得(de)電,其他則處(chu)于斷電狀態;顯見:方案1靠a+b+c+d矢量和產(chan)生扭矩(ju),功率(lv)密度(du)大,方案2則是以磁(ci)(ci)阻(zu)最小(xiao)漏磁(ci)(ci)最小(xiao)的(de)繞組(zu)優先(xian)工作,電能轉換利用(yong)(yong)效率(lv)高。
15、或(huo)者,每層盤的定子轉(zhuan)子數量相等,并按(an)照均(jun)分角度布(bu)置,按(an)照盤數來通電,同盤繞組之(zhi)間(jian)為并聯或(huo)串聯狀態,由(you)統一電流(liu)回路一體控制(參(can)見(jian)圖5~圖8的圖集(ji)說明)。
16、或(huo)者,通過控制勵磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)大(da)(da)小也可以獲得(de)相對(dui)(dui)穩(wen)定(ding)的扭矩(ju),因為(wei)磁(ci)拉(la)力隨轉(zhuan)子角度(du)變(bian)化而改變(bian),所以需適時檢測轉(zhuan)子位置來控制勵磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu),磁(ci)阻(zu)較(jiao)大(da)(da)區域靠大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)補償(chang),而磁(ci)阻(zu)小的區域則減(jian)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu),以便獲得(de)相對(dui)(dui)穩(wen)定(ding)的磁(ci)拉(la)力,來穩(wen)定(ding)扭矩(ju)輸出(參(can)見圖10、11);或(huo)者,將電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)波形調制為(wei)倒單向鋸齒波,來彌補其扭矩(ju)脈動;
17、或者,讓多(duo)盤之間的得(de)電時(shi)間進行重(zhong)疊(die),當重(zhong)疊(die)度達到(dao)100%(參見圖24),即:達到(dao)在(zai)任(ren)何時(shi)間其多(duo)盤的總扭矩(ju)(多(duo)角度扭矩(ju)矢量(liang)和)均為恒(heng)定(ding)值,將獲得(de)穩定(ding)扭矩(ju)輸(shu)出。
18、磁阻(zu)電機(ji)的作用機(ji)理(li),一旦進(jin)入(ru)定(ding)子(zi)轉子(zi)重(zhong)(zhong)疊區則進(jin)入(ru)恒磁阻(zu)狀態,所以無負扭矩現(xian)象發生,可以用標(biao)準方波,多盤之間重(zhong)(zhong)疊度接近100%,大大提升(sheng)功率密度;
19、其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)可以是正(zheng)弦波(bo)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、或(huo)方波(bo)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、或(huo)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)脈動直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)方波(bo)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、或(huo)三相交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、單相交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian);
20、為(wei)了獲得更穩定扭(niu)(niu)矩,可以(yi)(yi)調(diao)制更加符合扭(niu)(niu)矩穩定的變(bian)波交流電或(huo)直流電,以(yi)(yi)便讓(rang)電磁(ci)扭(niu)(niu)矩或(huo)磁(ci)阻扭(niu)(niu)矩更加穩定,
21、定(ding)子(zi)(zi)轉子(zi)(zi)磁(ci)(ci)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)互作(zuo)用力(li)(li)與其(qi)轉角(jiao)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)有(you)關,當(dang)其(qi)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)轉子(zi)(zi)極(ji)(ji)由(you)于(yu)(yu)相(xiang)互吸引(yin)而(er)轉動進(jin)入重疊區(qu)時其(qi)磁(ci)(ci)拉力(li)(li)會部(bu)分進(jin)入恒(heng)(heng)磁(ci)(ci)阻狀態(tai)(解釋:恒(heng)(heng)磁(ci)(ci)阻狀態(tai),即:二(er)者位置變(bian)(bian)化(hua)或(huo)相(xiang)對運動不改(gai)變(bian)(bian)二(er)者之間的(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)阻大小,無(wu)磁(ci)(ci)勢能變(bian)(bian)化(hua),結(jie)合(he)在(zai)(zai)(zai)先申請“202211030428.1雙轉子(zi)(zi)電(dian)機電(dian)流動靜態(tai)物理端(duan)口;202211098410.5恒(heng)(heng)磁(ci)(ci)阻旋轉變(bian)(bian)壓器及鐵芯(xin)設(she)計制造方法”)狀態(tai),但隨著定(ding)子(zi)(zi)極(ji)(ji)轉子(zi)(zi)極(ji)(ji)旋轉其(qi)磁(ci)(ci)極(ji)(ji)重疊度(du)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua),其(qi)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)作(zuo)用力(li)(li)或(huo)磁(ci)(ci)拉力(li)(li)矢(shi)量和是在(zai)(zai)(zai)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de),且磁(ci)(ci)拉力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)力(li)(li)臂也在(zai)(zai)(zai)變(bian)(bian)化(hua),所(suo)以其(qi)扭矩(ju)會出現(xian)波動,為(wei)了進(jin)一步穩(wen)定(ding)扭矩(ju),可以通過調制輸入電(dian)流或(huo)電(dian)壓波形(xing),來補償彌補其(qi)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)轉子(zi)(zi)由(you)于(yu)(yu)旋轉導致的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)力(li)(li)矩(ju)或(huo)磁(ci)(ci)阻力(li)(li)矩(ju)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua),獲得穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)扭矩(ju)輸出;
22、總之根據具體情況調制電流變化特性(xing),可以進一步(bu)穩(wen)定(ding)扭矩;這(zhe)樣(yang)控制會(hui)復雜化,
23、但(dan)多盤(pan)(pan)式(shi)架構則可(ke)以在不改變控制方(fang)式(shi)前提下獲(huo)得(de)扭(niu)矩(ju)(ju)的穩定(ding)化(hua),如果采用(yong)方(fang)波(bo)則重(zhong)疊(die)度(du)很大,可(ke)以獲(huo)得(de)分(fen)盤(pan)(pan)模式(shi)架構下的扭(niu)矩(ju)(ju)峰值矢量和與不分(fen)盤(pan)(pan)一樣,但(dan)扭(niu)矩(ju)(ju)脈(mo)動則消除了(le)(le);等效于(yu)(yu),諸(zhu)如:分(fen)兩(liang)盤(pan)(pan)雖(sui)然扭(niu)矩(ju)(ju)減半,但(dan)重(zhong)疊(die)度(du)100%時又補償回來了(le)(le)且更(geng)加穩定(ding)了(le)(le),震動及噪(zao)音大幅度(du)下降,其(qi)機(ji)理類似于(yu)(yu)發動機(ji)的多缸機(ji);
24、負載調速方案(an)說(shuo)明:
25、上述電(dian)(dian)(dian)機可以(yi)(yi)靠負載(zai)調(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(直流(liu)有(you)刷無刷電(dian)(dian)(dian)機及(ji)交流(liu)感應(ying)(ying)異步及(ji)檢測裝(zhuang)置(zhi)位置(zhi)反饋控(kong)制的(de)開關磁(ci)阻及(ji)轉子相位閉(bi)環永磁(ci)同(tong)(tong)步可以(yi)(yi)靠負載(zai)調(diao)速(su)(su)(su),開環控(kong)制的(de)永磁(ci)同(tong)(tong)步不(bu)(bu)合適),所以(yi)(yi)用多檔位變(bian)速(su)(su)(su)器進行(xing)換(huan)擋改變(bian)傳動(dong)比,進而(er)改變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機負載(zai)實(shi)現負載(zai)調(diao)速(su)(su)(su),可以(yi)(yi)去掉變(bian)頻器等復(fu)雜的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機控(kong)制系統,為了讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)機自適應(ying)(ying)負載(zai)調(diao)速(su)(su)(su)范圍更(geng)寬,可以(yi)(yi)通(tong)過改變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya),例(li)如:對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)采(cai)用抽頭(tou)(tou)式(shi)取(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方案,通(tong)過切換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)抽頭(tou)(tou)來(lai)獲得不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya),例(li)如:可以(yi)(yi)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機提供20v、50v、100v、200v、400v、600v、800v等不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya),可以(yi)(yi)讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)負載(zai)調(diao)速(su)(su)(su)范圍更(geng)寬;保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)機在最高效區間工作(zuo)的(de)前(qian)提下滿足(zu)所有(you)路(lu)況需(xu)求(qiu)。