本發明涉(she)及一種(zhong)保護(hu)(hu)電路(lu)，具體涉(she)及一種(zhong)直(zhi)流保護(hu)(hu)電路(lu)及其保護(hu)(hu)方法。

背景技術：

如果電(dian)源(yuan)輸(shu)出端的(de)電(dian)流(liu)已經(jing)超過(guo)了設計的(de)額定要求(qiu),那么這個電(dian)源(yuan)就(jiu)處于過(guo)載狀態(tai)。產生(sheng)的(de)現象是(shi)電(dian)流(liu)過(guo)大，用(yong)(yong)電(dian)設備發熱，線(xian)(xian)路(lu)長期過(guo)載會降(jiang)低線(xian)(xian)路(lu)絕緣水平，甚至燒毀設備或線(xian)(xian)路(lu)；原因是(shi)多(duo)方面的(de)，比如用(yong)(yong)電(dian)設備過(guo)載、線(xian)(xian)路(lu)短路(lu)、設備絕緣破(po)壞等，如電(dian)動(dong)機發生(sheng)堵轉(zhuan)，吊車吊不動(dong)等。

元件(jian)損(sun)壞、氣(qi)象條件(jian)影響或人(ren)為(wei)(wei)破壞等因素都可(ke)(ke)能造(zao)成電(dian)路短路現象的(de)發生(sheng)。由于導(dao)線(xian)的(de)電(dian)阻很(hen)小，電(dian)源(yuan)短路時(shi)電(dian)路上的(de)電(dian)流(liu)會(hui)(hui)非常大(da)(da)。這(zhe)樣(yang)大(da)(da)的(de)電(dian)流(liu)，極有可(ke)(ke)能會(hui)(hui)造(zao)成電(dian)源(yuan)損(sun)壞;更為(wei)(wei)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)是，因為(wei)(wei)電(dian)流(liu)太大(da)(da)，會(hui)(hui)使導(dao)線(xian)的(de)溫(wen)度升高，嚴重(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)有可(ke)(ke)能造(zao)成火災。

現(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)技(ji)術(shu)方案可(ke)以解決(jue)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)或(huo)過(guo)(guo)載(zai)(zai)(zai)問題，具(ju)有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)功能(neng)。但是(shi)沒有(you)(you)考慮到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)運轉中的一些實際問題。首先是(shi)沒有(you)(you)將(jiang)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)與過(guo)(guo)載(zai)(zai)(zai)區別(bie)對待。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流超過(guo)(guo)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流時不(bu)一定(ding)是(shi)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了(le)(le)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)也(ye)有(you)(you)可(ke)能(neng)僅(jin)僅(jin)是(shi)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了(le)(le)過(guo)(guo)載(zai)(zai)(zai)。如攪(jiao)拌機(ji)在運行(xing)的過(guo)(guo)程中，偶爾(er)遇到體積較(jiao)大的攪(jiao)拌物體被擋住無法正常運轉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)堵轉，可(ke)能(neng)就會造成攪(jiao)拌機(ji)回路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流增大，發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)過(guo)(guo)載(zai)(zai)(zai)現(xian)(xian)象。但是(shi)機(ji)器(qi)會很快(kuai)克服(fu)大體積攪(jiao)拌物從(cong)而恢(hui)復正常工(gong)(gong)作。在上述情況下，機(ji)器(qi)若是(shi)可(ke)以在很短(duan)的時間內克服(fu)過(guo)(guo)載(zai)(zai)(zai)恢(hui)復正常工(gong)(gong)作，那么就沒必要將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)堵轉視為短(duan)路(lu)(lu)而直接斷開(kai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，中斷機(ji)器(qi)的運行(xing)。其次，現(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)技(ji)術(shu)也(ye)沒有(you)(you)提(ti)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)故障(zhang)后(hou)(hou)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)比較(jiao)器(qi)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源監控(kong)模塊的保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)措施，另外，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)在系統(tong)故障(zhang)排除后(hou)(hou)，需要重新上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)才可(ke)恢(hui)復正常，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)需要上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)重啟。

為解(jie)決(jue)上述(shu)問題，有必要提供一種解(jie)決(jue)電路(lu)短路(lu)和過載的保護方法和保護電路(lu)。

技術實現要素：

本發明(ming)的(de)目的(de)在于(yu)提供一種(zhong)直流(liu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)電路及其保(bao)(bao)護(hu)方法，穩定性高，對(dui)于(yu)短路和過(guo)載采用兩(liang)種(zhong)應對(dui)措施，通過(guo)延時電路控制電路的(de)緩慢關斷(duan)，避(bi)免了電子(zi)設備頻繁切換重(zhong)啟，當故(gu)障排除后，負載重(zhong)新接入(ru)后即可正常(chang)工作，無需重(zhong)新上(shang)電。

為實現上述目(mu)的，本發(fa)明(ming)采用了以下技術方案(an)：

一種直流保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)路(lu)，包括(kuo)電(dian)路(lu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統及(ji)開關(guan)(guan)電(dian)路(lu)，所(suo)述電(dian)路(lu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統包括(kuo)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)、延時電(dian)路(lu)及(ji)向監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)提供工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)源的電(dian)源電(dian)路(lu)，所(suo)述開關(guan)(guan)電(dian)路(lu)包括(kuo)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)及(ji)與負(fu)(fu)載(zai)相連(lian)用于保(bao)護(hu)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)在短路(lu)或過載(zai)狀(zhuang)態下(xia)不被損(sun)壞的開關(guan)(guan)管，所(suo)述開關(guan)(guan)管的漏(lou)極與監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)的輸入(ru)端相連(lian)，所(suo)述延時電(dian)路(lu)的輸入(ru)端與監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)的輸出(chu)端相連(lian)，其(qi)輸出(chu)端與開關(guan)(guan)管的柵極相連(lian)。

進(jin)一步的(de)(de)，所述電(dian)路監控系(xi)統(tong)還包括故(gu)障顯示電(dian)路，所述故(gu)障顯示電(dian)路的(de)(de)輸入端與監控模(mo)塊的(de)(de)輸出端相連。

進一步(bu)的(de)(de)，所(suo)(suo)述(shu)開(kai)關管(guan)(guan)包括mos管(guan)(guan)q1、q2、q3、q4，所(suo)(suo)述(shu)mos管(guan)(guan)q1、q2、q3、q4的(de)(de)柵極均(jun)與延時電路的(de)(de)輸(shu)出端(duan)相(xiang)連(lian)，mos管(guan)(guan)q1、q2、q3、q4的(de)(de)漏(lou)極均(jun)與監控模塊相(xiang)連(lian)，mos管(guan)(guan)q1、q2、q3、q4的(de)(de)源極接地、并經電源dc與負載的(de)(de)輸(shu)入(ru)端(duan)相(xiang)連(lian)，mos管(guan)(guan)q1、q2、q3、q4的(de)(de)柵極分別經電容(rong)c4、c5、c6、c7接地。

進一(yi)(yi)步的(de)(de)(de)(de)，所(suo)述監(jian)控模塊(kuai)包(bao)括(kuo)雙運算放大(da)器(qi)(qi)u1及二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)d5、d6、d7、d8，所(suo)述運算放大(da)器(qi)(qi)u1包(bao)括(kuo)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)器(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)和比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)器(qi)(qi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)，比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)器(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反相輸(shu)(shu)入端經串聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻r13、r18與(yu)開(kai)關管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)漏(lou)極(ji)(ji)(ji)相連(lian)(lian)，比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)器(qi)(qi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反向(xiang)輸(shu)(shu)入端經串聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻r14、r15與(yu)開(kai)關管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)漏(lou)極(ji)(ji)(ji)相連(lian)(lian)，所(suo)述二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)d5的(de)(de)(de)(de)陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)器(qi)(qi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反相輸(shu)(shu)入端連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)，并(bing)經電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容c12與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻r19并(bing)聯后與(yu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)d6的(de)(de)(de)(de)陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)對(dui)接(jie)(jie)，二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)d5的(de)(de)(de)(de)陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)d6的(de)(de)(de)(de)陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)，二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)d6的(de)(de)(de)(de)陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)接(jie)(jie)地，比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)器(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)及比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)器(qi)(qi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出端與(yu)延時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)；所(suo)述比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)器(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反相輸(shu)(shu)入端與(yu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)d7的(de)(de)(de)(de)陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)，并(bing)經電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容c13與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻r20并(bing)聯后與(yu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)d8的(de)(de)(de)(de)陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)相連(lian)(lian)，二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)d7的(de)(de)(de)(de)陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)d8的(de)(de)(de)(de)陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)對(dui)接(jie)(jie)，二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)d8的(de)(de)(de)(de)陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)接(jie)(jie)地。

進一步的(de)(de)(de)，所(suo)述(shu)延(yan)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)包(bao)括(kuo)過(guo)載故障延(yan)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)和短路(lu)故障延(yan)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，所(suo)述(shu)過(guo)載故障延(yan)伸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)包(bao)括(kuo)二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)d3，所(suo)述(shu)二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)d3的(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)依次經(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻r6與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)c8串聯(lian)后(hou)接(jie)地，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻r6與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)c8之間的(de)(de)(de)節點(dian)經(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻r7與(yu)開關(guan)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)柵極(ji)(ji)(ji)連(lian)接(jie)，二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)d3的(de)(de)(de)陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)經(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻r3與(yu)開關(guan)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)柵極(ji)(ji)(ji)連(lian)接(jie)；所(suo)述(shu)短路(lu)故障延(yan)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)包(bao)括(kuo)二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)d4，二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)d4的(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)經(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻r4與(yu)開關(guan)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)柵極(ji)(ji)(ji)連(lian)接(jie)，其陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)經(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻r5與(yu)開關(guan)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)柵極(ji)(ji)(ji)連(lian)接(jie)。

進一步(bu)的(de)(de)，所(suo)述(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路包括精密(mi)可調穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)u2、發(fa)光(guang)(guang)(guang)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管d0、穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管d1、二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管d2,所(suo)述(shu)(shu)精密(mi)可調穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)u2的(de)(de)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)接(jie)地(di)，其陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)經(jing)兩串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻r10、r1與二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管d2的(de)(de)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相連(lian)，二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管d2的(de)(de)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源相連(lian)以獲取基準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，所(suo)述(shu)(shu)精密(mi)可調穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)u2的(de)(de)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)接(jie)地(di)，并經(jing)三個(ge)串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻r8、r9、r12與精密(mi)可調穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)u2的(de)(de)參考端及陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)連(lian)接(jie)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻r8與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻r9之間的(de)(de)節點(dian)以及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻r9與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻r12之間的(de)(de)節點(dian)分別與監控模(mo)塊相連(lian)，用(yong)于向監控模(mo)塊提供不同的(de)(de)基準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)；所(suo)述(shu)(shu)發(fa)光(guang)(guang)(guang)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管d0的(de)(de)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)經(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻r2與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源相連(lian)，所(suo)述(shu)(shu)發(fa)光(guang)(guang)(guang)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管d0的(de)(de)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)接(jie)地(di)，并與穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管d1的(de)(de)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)連(lian)接(jie)，穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管d1的(de)(de)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源監控模(mo)塊相連(lian)，所(suo)述(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻r1的(de)(de)兩端并聯(lian)(lian)有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻r11，穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管d1的(de)(de)兩端并聯(lian)(lian)有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)c1、c2、c3。

進一(yi)步的(de)(de)，所述故(gu)障顯示電(dian)路包(bao)括二極(ji)(ji)(ji)管d9、d10及(ji)發光二極(ji)(ji)(ji)管d11，所述二極(ji)(ji)(ji)管d9與(yu)發光二極(ji)(ji)(ji)管d11的(de)(de)陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)連，并與(yu)二極(ji)(ji)(ji)管d10的(de)(de)陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)連，二極(ji)(ji)(ji)管d9的(de)(de)陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)經電(dian)阻r21與(yu)電(dian)源監(jian)控模塊連接，二極(ji)(ji)(ji)管d9的(de)(de)陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)比較器(qi)(qi)一(yi)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)端相(xiang)(xiang)連，二極(ji)(ji)(ji)管d10的(de)(de)陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)比較器(qi)(qi)二的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)端相(xiang)(xiang)連。

由(you)上述技術方案可知，本發(fa)明所述的(de)(de)直流保(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)及(ji)其保(bao)護(hu)(hu)方法(fa)，穩(wen)定性(xing)高，成本低(di)，性(xing)價(jia)比(bi)高，具有很(hen)強的(de)(de)推廣(guang)和(he)實(shi)際(ji)應(ying)(ying)用價(jia)值，對于短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)和(he)過(guo)(guo)載采(cai)用兩(liang)種應(ying)(ying)對措(cuo)施(shi)，短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)由(you)于電(dian)(dian)流過(guo)(guo)大采(cai)用快速(su)關斷措(cuo)施(shi)，過(guo)(guo)載使(shi)用慢速(su)關斷措(cuo)施(shi)，給予一定的(de)(de)響(xiang)應(ying)(ying)時(shi)間且(qie)對故(gu)障(zhang)后電(dian)(dian)源監控模塊有保(bao)護(hu)(hu)措(cuo)施(shi)。短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)和(he)過(guo)(guo)載采(cai)用不同(tong)的(de)(de)延時(shi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)機制(zhi)，短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)流過(guo)(guo)大容易(yi)損毀(hui)電(dian)(dian)子設(she)備(bei)(bei)，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)延時(shi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)控制(zhi)mos管的(de)(de)關斷，避免了電(dian)(dian)子設(she)備(bei)(bei)頻繁切換重啟。當短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)或過(guo)(guo)載發(fa)生后，mos管斷開供電(dian)(dian)回路(lu)(lu)(lu)，故(gu)障(zhang)排除后，負載重新(xin)接入(ru)后即(ji)可正(zheng)常工作，保(bao)護(hu)(hu)模塊無需重新(xin)上電(dian)(dian)。

附圖說明

圖(tu)1是(shi)本發(fa)明的電路框圖(tu)；

圖2是本發明開關管的(de)電路圖；

圖3是本(ben)發明(ming)監控模塊的電路(lu)圖；

圖(tu)(tu)4本發明延(yan)時電路(lu)的電路(lu)圖(tu)(tu)；

圖5是本發(fa)明電源(yuan)電路(lu)的(de)電路(lu)圖；

圖6是(shi)本發明故障顯示(shi)電路的電路圖。

具體實施方式

下面(mian)結合附圖(tu)對本發明做(zuo)進一步(bu)說明：

如圖(tu)1所示(shi)，本實施例的(de)(de)直流保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)監控系(xi)統及開(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)監控系(xi)統包括監控模(mo)塊1、故(gu)障(zhang)顯示(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)4、延時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)2及向監控模(mo)塊1提供(gong)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)3，開(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)包括負載6、開(kai)關(guan)(guan)管5及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源dc，開(kai)關(guan)(guan)管5的(de)(de)漏極(ji)與監控模(mo)塊1的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)入端(duan)(duan)相連(lian)，故(gu)障(zhang)顯示(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)4的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)入端(duan)(duan)與監控模(mo)塊1的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出端(duan)(duan)相連(lian)，延時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)2的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)入端(duan)(duan)與監控模(mo)塊1的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出端(duan)(duan)相連(lian)，延時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)2的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出端(duan)(duan)與開(kai)關(guan)(guan)管5的(de)(de)柵極(ji)相連(lian)，開(kai)關(guan)(guan)管5的(de)(de)源極(ji)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源dc的(de)(de)負極(ji)相連(lian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源dc7的(de)(de)正極(ji)與負載6相連(lian)。

延(yan)時(shi)電(dian)路(lu)2包(bao)括過載故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)延(yan)時(shi)電(dian)路(lu)21和短(duan)路(lu)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)延(yan)時(shi)電(dian)路(lu)22，該過載故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)延(yan)伸電(dian)路(lu)21包(bao)括二(er)極(ji)管d3，二(er)極(ji)管d3的(de)(de)陽極(ji)依(yi)次經電(dian)阻r6與(yu)電(dian)容c8串聯后接(jie)地，電(dian)阻r6與(yu)電(dian)容c8之間的(de)(de)節(jie)點經電(dian)阻r7與(yu)開關管的(de)(de)柵(zha)極(ji)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)，二(er)極(ji)管d3的(de)(de)陰(yin)極(ji)經電(dian)阻r3與(yu)開關管的(de)(de)柵(zha)極(ji)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)；該短(duan)路(lu)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)延(yan)時(shi)電(dian)路(lu)22包(bao)括二(er)極(ji)管d4，二(er)極(ji)管d4的(de)(de)陽極(ji)經電(dian)阻r4與(yu)開關管的(de)(de)柵(zha)極(ji)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)，其陰(yin)極(ji)經電(dian)阻r5與(yu)開關管的(de)(de)柵(zha)極(ji)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)。

本實施(shi)例的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)關管(guan)(guan)5作為保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子開(kai)(kai)關，控(kong)制(zhi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)斷(duan)狀態，以(yi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)負載(zai)(zai)(zai)6或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源在短(duan)路(lu)(lu)或過載(zai)(zai)(zai)狀態下免(mian)受損害。監(jian)(jian)控(kong)模(mo)塊(kuai)1用于(yu)(yu)實時(shi)檢測開(kai)(kai)關管(guan)(guan)5的(de)(de)(de)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，對于(yu)(yu)過載(zai)(zai)(zai)和(he)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)兩類故障(zhang)分別設(she)置保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)點(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)點(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，以(yi)判定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)是否處于(yu)(yu)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)或過載(zai)(zai)(zai)狀態，且發生短(duan)路(lu)(lu)或過載(zai)(zai)(zai)故障(zhang)后，監(jian)(jian)控(kong)模(mo)塊(kuai)1也設(she)置了保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)措施(shi)，防止其燒(shao)壞。當端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)大(da)于(yu)(yu)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)或過載(zai)(zai)(zai)閾值電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)，監(jian)(jian)控(kong)模(mo)塊(kuai)1輸出高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平啟動延時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)2，延時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)2將短(duan)路(lu)(lu)信息(xi)或過載(zai)(zai)(zai)信息(xi)延時(shi)后送給開(kai)(kai)關管(guan)(guan)5的(de)(de)(de)受控(kong)級，控(kong)制(zhi)開(kai)(kai)關管(guan)(guan)5斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)開(kai)(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，以(yi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源或負載(zai)(zai)(zai)6。本系統中負載(zai)(zai)(zai)6采用直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，可(ke)以(yi)是大(da)功率負載(zai)(zai)(zai)也可(ke)以(yi)是小功率耗能元器(qi)件。

該監(jian)控模塊1用于實時(shi)檢測開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)5輸入級(ji)與(yu)輸出(chu)級(ji)之間端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源正極(ji)依次流(liu)經負(fu)載(zai)6，開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)5輸入級(ji)經開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)5輸出(chu)級(ji)流(liu)回電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源負(fu)極(ji)。通過開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)5控制開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的通與(yu)斷，同時(shi)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)5的通斷狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)監(jian)控系統(tong)控制。當檢測到短(duan)路(lu)或過載(zai)現(xian)象時(shi)，開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)5受控級(ji)接收信號為低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平，開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)5為截止狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態，開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)斷開(kai)(kai)。沒有短(duan)路(lu)或過載(zai)現(xian)象時(shi)，開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)5受控級(ji)為高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平，開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)5為導(dao)通狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態，開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)正常工作。

如圖2所示，開關管5由(you)mos管q1、mos管q2、mos管q3及mos管q4組成(cheng)，mos管q1、q2、q3、q4的(de)柵(zha)極(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)作為開關管5的(de)柵(zha)極(ji)(ji)(ji)以與延(yan)時電(dian)路2的(de)輸出端相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)，mos管q1、q2、q3、q4的(de)漏極(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)作為開關管5的(de)漏極(ji)(ji)(ji)與監控模塊1相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)，mos管q1、q2、q3、q4的(de)源(yuan)極(ji)(ji)(ji)作為開關管5的(de)源(yuan)極(ji)(ji)(ji)接地、該源(yuan)極(ji)(ji)(ji)經電(dian)源(yuan)dc7與負載(zai)6的(de)輸入端相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)，mos管q1、q2、q3、q4的(de)柵(zha)極(ji)(ji)(ji)分別經電(dian)容c4、c5、c6、c7接地。

如圖3所(suo)示，本實施(shi)例的(de)(de)(de)監控(kong)模塊1包(bao)括(kuo)型號為lm358的(de)(de)(de)雙運(yun)算放(fang)大(da)器(qi)u1及二極管d5、d6、d7、d8，該雙運(yun)算放(fang)大(da)器(qi)u1具有兩(liang)(liang)個輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)端(duan)，輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)兩(liang)(liang)個電(dian)壓比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)結果，可以檢測電(dian)路中的(de)(de)(de)過載(zai)或(huo)短(duan)路故障，其(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)壓或(huo)為高電(dian)平“1”或(huo)低電(dian)平“0”，對應不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)故障狀態。lm358輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)引(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)高低電(dian)平用(yong)于控(kong)制(zhi)mos管的(de)(de)(de)柵級進(jin)而控(kong)制(zhi)mos管的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通(tong)或(huo)斷開(kai)。其(qi)(qi)內部(bu)包(bao)括(kuo)有兩(liang)(liang)個高增益、獨(du)立的(de)(de)(de)、內部(bu)頻率補(bu)償的(de)(de)(de)雙運(yun)放(fang)，引(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)3和(he)(he)引(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)2是(shi)(shi)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)器(qi)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)相輸(shu)入(ru)端(duan)和(he)(he)反向輸(shu)入(ru)端(duan)，引(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)1是(shi)(shi)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)器(qi)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)端(duan)；引(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)5和(he)(he)引(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)6是(shi)(shi)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)器(qi)二的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)相輸(shu)入(ru)端(duan)和(he)(he)反向輸(shu)入(ru)端(duan)，引(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)7是(shi)(shi)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)器(qi)二的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)端(duan)。

比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)器(qi)(qi)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)相(xiang)(xiang)輸(shu)入端(duan)經(jing)串聯(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)r13、r18與(yu)開(kai)關管(guan)(guan)5的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漏(lou)極(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)(lian)，比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)器(qi)(qi)二的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)向輸(shu)入端(duan)經(jing)串聯(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)r14、r15與(yu)開(kai)關管(guan)(guan)5的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漏(lou)極(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)(lian)，分別用于(yu)檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)是否(fou)發生短路(lu)(lu)或過載故(gu)障，二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)d5的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陽極(ji)與(yu)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)器(qi)(qi)二的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)相(xiang)(xiang)輸(shu)入端(duan)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)，并(bing)經(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容c12與(yu)二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)d6的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)對接(jie)(jie)(jie)，二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)d5的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)與(yu)二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)d6的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陽極(ji)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)，二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)d6的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地，比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)器(qi)(qi)二的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)相(xiang)(xiang)輸(shu)入端(duan)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源dc7的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負極(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)(lian)；比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)器(qi)(qi)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)相(xiang)(xiang)輸(shu)入端(duan)與(yu)二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)d7的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陽極(ji)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)，并(bing)經(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容c13與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)r20并(bing)聯(lian)后與(yu)二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)d8的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)(lian)，二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)d7的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)與(yu)二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)d8的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陽極(ji)對接(jie)(jie)(jie)，二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)d8的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地。mos管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柵級為受控級，受到雙運(yun)算放大器(qi)(qi)u1輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制。

具(ju)體來說(shuo)，采(cai)樣(yang)到(dao)的(de)(de)mos管的(de)(de)管壓(ya)(ya)降電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)通過(guo)(guo)r18、r13連(lian)(lian)接電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)監(jian)控模塊1中運放(fang)(fang)反向(xiang)輸(shu)入(ru)引腳2，采(cai)樣(yang)到(dao)的(de)(de)mos管管壓(ya)(ya)降電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)通過(guo)(guo)r15、r14連(lian)(lian)接電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)監(jian)控模塊1中運放(fang)(fang)反向(xiang)輸(shu)入(ru)引腳6，分(fen)別用于(yu)檢(jian)(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)是否發生短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)或過(guo)(guo)載(zai)(zai)故(gu)障。運放(fang)(fang)輸(shu)出(chu)信號(hao)連(lian)(lian)接延(yan)(yan)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)2，延(yan)(yan)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)2的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)連(lian)(lian)接到(dao)mos管控制(zhi)端柵級(ji)。運放(fang)(fang)輸(shu)出(chu)的(de)(de)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)故(gu)障檢(jian)(jian)測信號(hao)連(lian)(lian)接到(dao)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)故(gu)障延(yan)(yan)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)22，運放(fang)(fang)輸(shu)出(chu)的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)載(zai)(zai)故(gu)障檢(jian)(jian)測信號(hao)連(lian)(lian)接到(dao)過(guo)(guo)載(zai)(zai)故(gu)障延(yan)(yan)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)21，運放(fang)(fang)輸(shu)出(chu)的(de)(de)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)或過(guo)(guo)載(zai)(zai)信號(hao)通過(guo)(guo)延(yan)(yan)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)2控制(zhi)mos管柵級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，進而(er)控制(zhi)mos管的(de)(de)導通或關斷，實現過(guo)(guo)載(zai)(zai)或短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)時(shi)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)效果。

如圖(tu)4所(suo)示，延時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)2包括(kuo)二極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)d3、d4，二極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)d3的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)經串聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)r6、r7與(yu)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)5的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柵(zha)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相連(lian)，二極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)d3的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)經與(yu)其串聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)r3與(yu)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)5的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柵(zha)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)連(lian)接，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)r6與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)r7之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)節點通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容c8接地；二極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)d4的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)經與(yu)其串聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)r4與(yu)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)5的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柵(zha)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)連(lian)接，二極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)d4的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)經電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)r5與(yu)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)5的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柵(zha)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)連(lian)接。該延時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)2采(cai)取分級(ji)處理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法，對于過(guo)載和短路(lu)兩類故(gu)障不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)延時(shi)(shi)保護機(ji)制。短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流過(guo)大容易損(sun)毀電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子設(she)備，實行mos管(guan)(guan)(guan)快速關(guan)(guan)斷(duan)措施，延時(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)間短；過(guo)載現象(xiang)有(you)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)系統是可(ke)以自行修復(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，為避免電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子設(she)備頻(pin)繁切換重(zhong)啟，所(suo)以實行mos管(guan)(guan)(guan)慢速關(guan)(guan)斷(duan)措施，延時(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)間長。

如圖5所示(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)3包括精(jing)密(mi)可(ke)調(diao)穩(wen)(wen)壓器u2、發光(guang)(guang)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)d0、穩(wen)(wen)壓二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)d1、二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)d2，精(jing)密(mi)可(ke)調(diao)穩(wen)(wen)壓器u2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)接(jie)地(di)，其陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)經兩(liang)(liang)(liang)串(chuan)聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻r10、r1與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)d2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)連(lian)(lian)，二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)d2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)相(xiang)連(lian)(lian)以(yi)獲取基準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，精(jing)密(mi)可(ke)調(diao)穩(wen)(wen)壓器u2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)接(jie)地(di)，并(bing)經三個串(chuan)聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻r8、r9、r12與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)精(jing)密(mi)可(ke)調(diao)穩(wen)(wen)壓器u2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)考(kao)端及(ji)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻r8與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻r9之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)節點以(yi)及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻r9與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻r12之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)節點分別與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)監控(kong)模(mo)塊1相(xiang)連(lian)(lian)，用(yong)于向監控(kong)模(mo)塊1提(ti)供(gong)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓；發光(guang)(guang)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)d0的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)經電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻r2與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)相(xiang)連(lian)(lian)，發光(guang)(guang)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)d0的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)接(jie)地(di)，并(bing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)穩(wen)(wen)壓二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)d1的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)，穩(wen)(wen)壓二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)d1的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)監控(kong)模(mo)塊1相(xiang)連(lian)(lian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻r1的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)端并(bing)聯有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻r11，穩(wen)(wen)壓二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)d1的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)端并(bing)聯有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)c1、c2、c3。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)3為(wei)監控(kong)模(mo)塊1提(ti)供(gong)工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，同(tong)時為(wei)監控(kong)模(mo)塊1提(ti)供(gong)合適的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。

如圖6所示(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障顯示(shi)(shi)電(dian)路4包括二極管(guan)(guan)d9、d10及發(fa)光二極管(guan)(guan)d11，二極管(guan)(guan)d9與發(fa)光二極管(guan)(guan)d11的(de)陰(yin)極相(xiang)連，并與二極管(guan)(guan)d10的(de)陽極相(xiang)連，二極管(guan)(guan)d9的(de)陽極經電(dian)阻r21與電(dian)源監控模(mo)塊1連接。該故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障顯示(shi)(shi)電(dian)路4用于顯示(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障信息。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障顯示(shi)(shi)電(dian)路4有一個發(fa)光二極管(guan)(guan)，用于顯示(shi)(shi)短路或過載故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障，當(dang)有故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障發(fa)生時，發(fa)光二極管(guan)(guan)被(bei)點亮。

電路(lu)(lu)(lu)工作原(yuan)理如下：mos管(guan)作為(wei)保護開(kai)關(guan)(guan)管(guan)5，當(dang)回路(lu)(lu)(lu)沒有故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)時mos管(guan)的(de)(de)受控級柵級為(wei)高電平“1”，開(kai)關(guan)(guan)管(guan)5導通，回路(lu)(lu)(lu)正常工作；當(dang)回路(lu)(lu)(lu)發生過載故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)或短路(lu)(lu)(lu)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)時，在延時緩沖時間(jian)內系統未能自動恢復正常狀態的(de)(de)條件下，mos管(guan)的(de)(de)柵級為(wei)低電平“0”，開(kai)關(guan)(guan)管(guan)5截止，電路(lu)(lu)(lu)回路(lu)(lu)(lu)斷(duan)開(kai)直到故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)排除(chu)。mos管(guan)在整個(ge)回路(lu)(lu)(lu)中起到了開(kai)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)效果。

雙運算放大器u1中兩(liang)個同相電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)比較器基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)設(she)置由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保護(hu)點(dian)和(he)過(guo)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保護(hu)點(dian)確定(ding)(ding)。首(shou)先依據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)額定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)設(she)定(ding)(ding)短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保護(hu)點(dian)和(he)過(guo)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保護(hu)點(dian)，然后根據歐姆定(ding)(ding)律和(he)mos管(guan)內阻計(ji)算得到(dao)短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保護(hu)點(dian)和(he)過(guo)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保護(hu)點(dian)。雙運算放大器u1的(de)引腳(jiao)3輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是(shi)短路(lu)保護(hu)點(dian)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，引腳(jiao)5輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是(shi)過(guo)載保護(hu)點(dian)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，短路(lu)保護(hu)點(dian)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高于(yu)過(guo)載保護(hu)點(dian)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，因(yin)此引腳(jiao)3的(de)輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高于(yu)引腳(jiao)5的(de)輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。

考慮到mos管(guan)和運(yun)(yun)放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)工作特(te)性(xing)，接(jie)(jie)入電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)中的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)放(fang)輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)很大，雙運(yun)(yun)算放(fang)大器(qi)u1的(de)(de)(de)反(fan)向輸(shu)(shu)入端(duan)(duan)接(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)基(ji)(ji)本不消(xiao)耗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，mos管(guan)漏級(ji)采(cai)(cai)樣電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)通過串(chuan)接(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)傳輸(shu)(shu)給雙運(yun)(yun)算放(fang)大器(qi)u1的(de)(de)(de)反(fan)向輸(shu)(shu)入端(duan)(duan)，mos管(guan)漏級(ji)采(cai)(cai)樣電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)基(ji)(ji)本上等于雙運(yun)(yun)算放(fang)大器(qi)u1的(de)(de)(de)反(fan)向輸(shu)(shu)入端(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)發生短路(lu)(lu)現象時，mos管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)漏級(ji)采(cai)(cai)樣電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于短路(lu)(lu)保護(hu)點基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)；當(dang)發生過載(zai)現象時，mos管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)漏級(ji)采(cai)(cai)樣電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于過載(zai)保護(hu)點基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)但(dan)低(di)于短路(lu)(lu)保護(hu)點基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)；若(ruo)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)沒有發生短路(lu)(lu)或斷路(lu)(lu)故障(zhang)，漏級(ji)采(cai)(cai)樣電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于過載(zai)保護(hu)點基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)同(tong)時也低(di)于短路(lu)(lu)保護(hu)點基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。

當電(dian)(dian)(dian)路發生短(duan)路現象(xiang)時，雙運(yun)算(suan)放大(da)器(qi)u1的反向輸(shu)入端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高于短(duan)路保護(hu)點(dian)基(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)2和引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)6輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)都高于短(duan)路保護(hu)點(dian)基(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)2電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高于引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)3基(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)且引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)6電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高于引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)5基(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，雙運(yun)算(suan)放大(da)器(qi)u1的兩個(ge)輸(shu)出端(duan)引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)1和引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)7都輸(shu)出低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)平“0”，通過圖2的短(duan)路和過載驅動延(yan)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)路2控制mos管(guan)的柵(zha)級為低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)平“0”，使mos管(guan)截(jie)止(zhi)，回路斷開(kai)。

當電(dian)(dian)(dian)路發生過載現(xian)象時(shi)，雙運算放大器u1的反向(xiang)輸(shu)入(ru)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高于(yu)過載保護(hu)點(dian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)但低于(yu)短(duan)(duan)路保護(hu)點(dian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，引(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)2和(he)引(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)6輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)都高于(yu)過載保護(hu)點(dian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)但低于(yu)短(duan)(duan)路保護(hu)點(dian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，因此引(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)6電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高于(yu)引(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)5基(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)比較(jiao)(jiao)器的引(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)7輸(shu)出(chu)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)平“0”，引(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)2電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低于(yu)引(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)3基(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)引(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)1輸(shu)出(chu)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)平“1”。由于(yu)短(duan)(duan)路和(he)過載驅動延時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路2是一個(ge)(ge)二(er)極管串接一個(ge)(ge)或兩個(ge)(ge)較(jiao)(jiao)小的電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，相對于(yu)100ｋ可以忽(hu)略不計，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)比較(jiao)(jiao)器lm358任(ren)何(he)一個(ge)(ge)輸(shu)出(chu)引(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)輸(shu)出(chu)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)平時(shi)，后級mos管柵極輸(shu)入(ru)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)平“0”，mos管被關(guan)斷，電(dian)(dian)(dian)源停止輸(shu)出(chu)。

若回路(lu)(lu)沒有發生(sheng)短路(lu)(lu)或斷路(lu)(lu)故(gu)障，雙運(yun)算放大器u1的引(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)2和(he)引(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)6輸入電(dian)壓都(dou)低于短路(lu)(lu)保護(hu)點基準電(dian)壓同時低于過載保護(hu)點基準電(dian)壓，雙運(yun)算放大器u1的兩個輸出端引(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)1和(he)引(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)7都(dou)輸出高(gao)電(dian)平“1”，通(tong)過短路(lu)(lu)和(he)過載驅(qu)動延時電(dian)路(lu)(lu)2輸出高(gao)電(dian)平“1”送入mos管(guan)柵(zha)級，mos管(guan)導通(tong)，電(dian)路(lu)(lu)正常工作(zuo)。

如負載6電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)正常工(gong)作(zuo)時回路(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)即流(liu)(liu)過(guo)mos管的電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)72a，設定(ding)過(guo)載電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)回路(lu)(lu)(lu)額(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的1.5倍，過(guo)載電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)108ａ，考慮(lv)到mos管內(nei)阻(zu)3.7毫歐(ou)姆，四(si)個mos管并聯后內(nei)阻(zu)約0.93毫歐(ou)姆，mos管管壓(ya)降為(wei)108*0.93=0.1v，過(guo)載保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)0.1ｖ即過(guo)載保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)準電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)0.1v；設定(ding)過(guo)載電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)回路(lu)(lu)(lu)額(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的7.5倍，短路(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)540ａ，mos管管壓(ya)降為(wei)540*0.93=0.5v短路(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)0.5ｖ即短路(lu)(lu)(lu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)準電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)0.5v。雙運算放大器u1的兩(liang)個同相輸(shu)入端即引(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)3和引(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)5的基(ji)準電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)設為(wei)0.5v和0.1v，引(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)3的0.5v是(shi)短路(lu)(lu)(lu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)準電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，引(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)5的0.1v是(shi)過(guo)載保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)準電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。

負(fu)載6發生短路現(xian)象時(shi)(shi)，mos管(guan)漏級(ji)采樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)0.5v，導(dao)致雙(shuang)運算(suan)放大(da)器(qi)u1的2引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)3引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)基準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)1輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)“0”，同時(shi)(shi)mos管(guan)d級(ji)采樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)0.1v，導(dao)致雙(shuang)運算(suan)放大(da)器(qi)u1的6引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)5引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)基準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)7也(ye)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)“0”，后(hou)級(ji)mos管(guan)柵極(ji)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)，mos管(guan)被(bei)關斷，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)停止(zhi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)。發生過(guo)載而沒有達到(dao)短路點時(shi)(shi)，mos管(guan)漏級(ji)采樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)0.1v小于(yu)(yu)(yu)0.5v，此時(shi)(shi)雙(shuang)運算(suan)放大(da)器(qi)u1的1引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)“1”，7引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)“0”，后(hou)級(ji)mos管(guan)的柵極(ji)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)，mos管(guan)被(bei)關斷，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)停止(zhi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)。無(wu)短路或過(guo)載故障發生時(shi)(shi)，回流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)小于(yu)(yu)(yu)過(guo)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護點108a，也(ye)小于(yu)(yu)(yu)短路保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)點540a，雙(shuang)運算(suan)放大(da)器(qi)u1的6引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和3引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低于(yu)(yu)(yu)過(guo)載保(bao)護點基準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)也(ye)低于(yu)(yu)(yu)短路保(bao)護點基準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)1和引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)7都輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)“1”，后(hou)級(ji)mos管(guan)的柵極(ji)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)高(gao)(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)“1”，mos管(guan)導(dao)通(tong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路正常工(gong)作(zuo)。

以上所述的(de)(de)實施(shi)(shi)例僅僅是對本發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)明(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)優選實施(shi)(shi)方式進行描(miao)述，并非對本發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)明(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)范圍(wei)(wei)進行限(xian)定，在不脫(tuo)離本發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)明(ming)(ming)(ming)設計精神的(de)(de)前提下(xia)，本領域普通(tong)技術(shu)人(ren)員對本發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)明(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)技術(shu)方案作出的(de)(de)各種變(bian)形和(he)改(gai)進，均應落入(ru)本發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)明(ming)(ming)(ming)權利要求書確(que)定的(de)(de)保護范圍(wei)(wei)內。