本(ben)發明涉(she)及太陽(yang)能(neng)led照明技術領域(yu)，具體為一(yi)種寬范圍輸入的戶外光儲led高功(gong)率(lv)密(mi)度變換方法。

背景技術：

擾動觀察法是目前最常使用的mppt算法之一，其工作過程是周期性地擾動太陽能電池的輸出電壓(v+v)，然后與擾動之前的輸出功率對比，如功率值在不斷增加，就表示擾動方向與控制方向一致，繼續朝著相同方向(+v)變化；若功率值反而在減小，就往反方向(—v)變化，這樣反復的擾動就會輸出其最大功率值(zhi)。

擾動觀察法是每隔一段時間改變其電壓值，其下一步的控制信號是由輸出功率改變的方向來判斷的。具體調整方案如下:u、i表示上一次的值，相應的輸出功率是p,、表示當前值，是其功率。當增加相對的參考電壓時，有兩種現象:(1)p1>p表示變化方向正確，系統擾動方向繼續保持不變；(2)p1<p表示變化方向不對，系統下一步的擾動方向就要改變。這樣重復循環，當工作點靠近最大功率值時停止擾動。擾動觀察法最主要的不足是u步長固定。如果u太大(da)(da)，在(zai)最(zui)大(da)(da)功(gong)率(lv)點周邊就會出(chu)現(xian)特別(bie)嚴重的(de)(de)振蕩，也有(you)很大(da)(da)的(de)(de)功(gong)率(lv)損(sun)失；如果△u太小，就需要特別(bie)長(chang)的(de)(de)時間才能(neng)跟蹤到最(zui)大(da)(da)功(gong)率(lv)點，從而給實際生活中帶來了極大(da)(da)的(de)(de)不便。

技術實現要素：

本(ben)發明的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)在(zai)于(yu)提供一種寬(kuan)范圍輸入(ru)的(de)(de)戶外光儲led高功率密度(du)變換方(fang)法(fa)，采用(yong)基于(yu)傳統擾動(dong)(dong)觀察改(gai)進(jin)的(de)(de)控制(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)，根(gen)據太陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)i-v特性，把(ba)每次(ci)的(de)(de)增量均轉為(wei)下一次(ci)實際(ji)逼近控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)步(bu)長(chang)，來防止(zhi)過度(du)控制(zhi)，組件穩態期間也減少(shao)頻繁(fan)的(de)(de)擾動(dong)(dong)；同時，通過設置的(de)(de)dc-dc變換器(qi)具有結構簡單(dan)、只需少(shao)量開關器(qi)件以及低(di)損耗的(de)(de)優點，并(bing)且(qie)電(dian)(dian)池兩端的(de)(de)輸出使(shi)用(yong)了lcl濾(lv)波(bo)器(qi)，可(ke)以更好的(de)(de)降低(di)電(dian)(dian)池側的(de)(de)紋(wen)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)流與紋(wen)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，以解決上述背(bei)景(jing)技(ji)術(shu)中(zhong)提出的(de)(de)問題(ti)。

為(wei)實現上述目(mu)的(de)，本發明提(ti)供如下(xia)技術方案：一種(zhong)寬范圍輸(shu)入的(de)戶外光儲led高功率密度變換方法，包括mppt功能的(de)充電部(bu)分和(he)led恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)驅(qu)動部(bu)分,其(qi)(qi)mppt功能的(de)充電部(bu)分和(he)led恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)驅(qu)動部(bu)分受控(kong)于(yu)buck-boost型的(de)雙(shuang)向(xiang)主電路設(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)同步(bu)整流(liu)(liu)dc-dc變換器和(he)基于(yu)mppt原理(li)改進的(de)pid控(kong)制方法；其(qi)(qi)雙(shuang)向(xiang)主電路設(she)(she)計(ji)如下(xia)：包括led端、pv端、battery端、電容及(ji)其(qi)(qi)相互串(chuan)聯或并聯的(de)驅(qu)動開關q1、q2、q3、q4、q5，并設(she)(she)置(zhi)有3種(zhong)工作(zuo)方式：

（1）buck工作(zuo)(zuo)，電感電流(liu)il一直保持(chi)大于零，q1工作(zuo)(zuo)q2不工作(zuo)(zuo)，由pv端流(liu)至battery端,il不斷增加直至t=ton時，q1截(jie)止(zhi)，d2續流(liu)工作(zuo)(zuo)，q2無電流(liu)通過；

（2）boost工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，電(dian)感電(dian)流(liu)(liu)il一直保持小于零，由(you)battery端流(liu)(liu)向led端，在(zai)ton到(dao)t時，q2工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)q1不(bu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，il不(bu)斷增(zeng)加，當達到(dao)t時刻時，q2截(jie)止停止工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，d1續流(liu)(liu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，q1無電(dian)流(liu)(liu)通過(guo)；

（3）交(jiao)替工(gong)作(zuo)，電感(gan)電流(liu)il正負交(jiao)替出現(xian):在(zai)t0-t1時刻，q1導(dao)(dao)通(tong)工(gong)作(zuo)，在(zai)t1-ton時刻，q1導(dao)(dao)通(tong)同(tong)時有電流(liu)通(tong)過，d2續流(liu)，il會(hui)不(bu)斷變小(xiao)且值(zhi)依然大于零；在(zai)ton-t時刻，q2導(dao)(dao)通(tong)且有電流(liu)流(liu)過，il不(bu)斷上升但值(zhi)小(xiao)于零。

其(qi)基(ji)于(yu)mppt原理改(gai)進的pid控(kong)制方法如下：

s1：輸入給定(ding)量r，并(bing)將(jiang)r值設定(ding)為零；

s2：設定pid控制器的輸入(ru)量(liang)，即系(xi)統偏差量(liang)負的dp/du；

s3：pid控(kong)制器調(diao)節dc-dc變換器pwm波的(de)占空(kong)比來改(gai)變光伏電池的(de)輸出等(deng)效(xiao)負載，實現最大功率點跟蹤(zong)。

優(you)選的，基于buck-boost型的雙向主電路的工作(zuo)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)設置有兩種(zhong)，即降(jiang)壓模(mo)(mo)式(shi)和(he)升(sheng)壓模(mo)(mo)式(shi)；其降(jiang)壓模(mo)(mo)式(shi)為能量由pv流(liu)動到battery時，電源端(duan)(duan)為pv端(duan)(duan)，q1驅動，q3、q4打開(kai)，q5關閉(bi)(bi)，組(zu)成buck降(jiang)壓電路；升(sheng)壓模(mo)(mo)式(shi)為由battery流(liu)動到led時，電源端(duan)(duan)是battery，此時q2驅動，q3、q5打開(kai)，q4關閉(bi)(bi)，組(zu)成boost升(sheng)壓電路。

優選(xuan)的，mppt功(gong)能(neng)的充(chong)電(dian)部分包(bao)括mppt充(chong)電(dian)模(mo)式(shi)、恒壓均充(chong)模(mo)式(shi)、恒壓浮充(chong)模(mo)式(shi)、等待模(mo)式(shi)、準(zhun)備放電(dian)模(mo)式(shi)和準(zhun)備充(chong)電(dian)模(mo)式(shi)。

優選(xuan)的，led恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)驅動(dong)部分(fen)包括(kuo)第(di)(di)一時(shi)間(jian)(jian)段(duan)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)驅動(dong)模式(shi)、第(di)(di)二時(shi)間(jian)(jian)段(duan)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)驅動(dong)模式(shi)和第(di)(di)三時(shi)間(jian)(jian)段(duan)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)驅動(dong)模式(shi)。

優選(xuan)的(de)，dc-dc變換(huan)器(qi)正向運(yun)行時，充(chong)電(dian)環路采用buck型拓(tuo)撲結構(gou)，對(dui)蓄電(dian)池進(jin)行mppt、恒(heng)壓(ya)、恒(heng)流相結合的(de)三(san)階段(duan)充(chong)電(dian)方法；當dc-dc變換(huan)器(qi)反向運(yun)行時，放電(dian)環路采用boost型拓(tuo)撲結構(gou)，實現led燈(deng)的(de)恒(heng)壓(ya)輸(shu)出，并具有(you)pwm調光(guang)功(gong)能。

與現(xian)有(you)技術相比，本發明的(de)有(you)益效(xiao)果是(shi)：

本寬范圍輸(shu)入(ru)的(de)戶外光(guang)儲led高功(gong)率密度(du)變換裝設計方(fang)法，采用(yong)基于傳統擾(rao)動觀察改進(jin)的(de)控(kong)制方(fang)法，根(gen)據太(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)i-v特性，把每(mei)次的(de)增量(liang)均(jun)轉為下一次實際(ji)逼近控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)步長(chang)，來防止過度(du)控(kong)制，組件(jian)穩態期間(jian)也減少頻繁的(de)擾(rao)動；同時，通過設置的(de)dc-dc變換器具有結構簡單、只需少量(liang)開關器件(jian)以及低(di)損(sun)耗的(de)優(you)點，并且電(dian)(dian)池兩端的(de)輸(shu)出(chu)使用(yong)了(le)lcl濾波(bo)器，可(ke)以更好的(de)降低(di)電(dian)(dian)池側的(de)紋波(bo)電(dian)(dian)流與紋波(bo)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，實現了(le)led燈的(de)恒壓(ya)輸(shu)出(chu)，并具有pwm調光(guang)功(gong)能(neng)。

附圖說明

圖1為本發明的程序(xu)設(she)計(ji)流程圖；

圖2為(wei)本發(fa)明基于mppt原理改進(jin)的pid控制原理圖；

圖(tu)3為(wei)本發明pid控制的結構框圖(tu)；

圖4為本發明光(guang)伏電池輸出p-u曲(qu)線；

圖5為本發明雙向buck-boost變(bian)換器基本原(yuan)理(li)圖；

圖6為(wei)本發明buck-boost變換(huan)器三種工作方式(shi)下(xia)的電(dian)感電(dian)流波形(xing)圖；

圖7為本發(fa)明光伏陣列等(deng)效電路圖；

圖(tu)8為本發明(ming)光(guang)伏陣列仿(fang)真模型圖(tu)；

圖9為本(ben)發明光(guang)伏陣列輸(shu)出u-i特性曲線(xian)圖；

圖(tu)10為本發明(ming)光伏陣列輸出u-p特性曲線。

具體實施方式

下面將結合(he)本(ben)發(fa)(fa)明實施(shi)(shi)例(li)中(zhong)的附圖，對(dui)本(ben)發(fa)(fa)明實施(shi)(shi)例(li)中(zhong)的技術方案進(jin)行清(qing)楚、完(wan)整地描述，顯然，所描述的實施(shi)(shi)例(li)僅(jin)(jin)僅(jin)(jin)是本(ben)發(fa)(fa)明一部分實施(shi)(shi)例(li)，而不是全部的實施(shi)(shi)例(li)。基(ji)于本(ben)發(fa)(fa)明中(zhong)的實施(shi)(shi)例(li)，本(ben)領域普(pu)通技術人(ren)員(yuan)在沒有(you)做出創造性勞(lao)動前提下所獲得的所有(you)其他(ta)實施(shi)(shi)例(li)，都屬于本(ben)發(fa)(fa)明保(bao)護的范圍。

請參閱(yue)圖1-10，本發明(ming)提供一(yi)(yi)種技術方(fang)案：一(yi)(yi)種寬范圍輸(shu)入的(de)(de)(de)戶(hu)外光儲(chu)led高(gao)功率密度(du)(du)變(bian)(bian)換(huan)方(fang)法，包(bao)括mppt功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)和led恒(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)分(fen)(fen),mppt功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)包(bao)括mppt充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、恒(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)均(jun)(jun)充(chong)(chong)(chong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、恒(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、等(deng)待模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、準(zhun)備(bei)(bei)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)和準(zhun)備(bei)(bei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)；mppt充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)當(dang)(dang)有(you)一(yi)(yi)定輻(fu)(fu)照(zhao)(zhao)度(du)(du)，太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板(ban)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輸(shu)出(chu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)某(mou)值(zhi)(12v系統(tong)(tong)(tong)14v，24v系統(tong)(tong)(tong)28v)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，如(ru)果蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)均(jun)(jun)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，控(kong)制器(qi)會(hui)(hui)對(dui)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板(ban)進(jin)行mppt跟蹤(zong)，向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)以(yi)(yi)最大(da)(da)功率充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；恒(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)均(jun)(jun)充(chong)(chong)(chong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)當(dang)(dang)有(you)一(yi)(yi)定輻(fu)(fu)照(zhao)(zhao)度(du)(du)，太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板(ban)正常時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)達(da)到(dao)(dao)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)均(jun)(jun)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，控(kong)制器(qi)會(hui)(hui)放(fang)(fang)棄(qi)mppt跟蹤(zong)，而(er)對(dui)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進(jin)行恒(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)均(jun)(jun)充(chong)(chong)(chong)，以(yi)(yi)便(bian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)；恒(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)當(dang)(dang)有(you)一(yi)(yi)定輻(fu)(fu)照(zhao)(zhao)度(du)(du)，太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板(ban)正常時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)達(da)到(dao)(dao)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)均(jun)(jun)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)減小(xiao)到(dao)(dao)0.5a,控(kong)制器(qi)會(hui)(hui)放(fang)(fang)棄(qi)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)均(jun)(jun)充(chong)(chong)(chong)，而(er)對(dui)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進(jin)行恒(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)，以(yi)(yi)便(bian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)；等(deng)待模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)黃昏時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，光的(de)(de)(de)輻(fu)(fu)照(zhao)(zhao)度(du)(du)越(yue)來越(yue)弱，太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)板(ban)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)某(mou)值(zhi)(12v系統(tong)(tong)(tong)對(dui)應(ying)14v，24v系統(tong)(tong)(tong)對(dui)應(ying)28v)，提供的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量無(wu)法向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，控(kong)制器(qi)放(fang)(fang)棄(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而(er)進(jin)入等(deng)待模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)；準(zhun)備(bei)(bei)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)當(dang)(dang)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板(ban)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于(yu)(yu)某(mou)值(zhi)(12v系統(tong)(tong)(tong)對(dui)應(ying)6v，24v系統(tong)(tong)(tong)對(dui)應(ying)12v，用(yong)戶(hu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)設(she)置(zhi)此參數)，進(jin)入準(zhun)備(bei)(bei)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，確認30s,進(jin)入恒(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)；準(zhun)備(bei)(bei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)黎(li)明(ming)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，光照(zhao)(zhao)越(yue)來越(yue)強(qiang)，當(dang)(dang)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板(ban)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)某(mou)值(zhi)(12v系統(tong)(tong)(tong)對(dui)應(ying)12v，24v系統(tong)(tong)(tong)對(dui)應(ying)24v)，延時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)30s后，停止恒(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)led，進(jin)入準(zhun)備(bei)(bei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)；其(qi)(qi)led恒(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)包(bao)括第(di)一(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)段(duan)(duan)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，即(ji)進(jin)入恒(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)led的(de)(de)(de)第(di)一(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)段(duan)(duan)，led驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)緩慢的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)，最終達(da)到(dao)(dao)第(di)一(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)段(duan)(duan)百(bai)分(fen)(fen)比驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、第(di)二時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)段(duan)(duan)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)即(ji)當(dang)(dang)完(wan)成第(di)一(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)段(duan)(duan)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)后，自動(dong)(dong)(dong)進(jin)入第(di)二時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)段(duan)(duan)，led亮(liang)度(du)(du)緩慢的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)，最終達(da)到(dao)(dao)第(di)二時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)段(duan)(duan)百(bai)分(fen)(fen)比驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，第(di)三時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)段(duan)(duan)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)即(ji)當(dang)(dang)完(wan)成第(di)二時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)段(duan)(duan)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)后，自動(dong)(dong)(dong)進(jin)入第(di)三時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)段(duan)(duan)，led亮(liang)度(du)(du)緩慢的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)，最終達(da)到(dao)(dao)第(di)三時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)段(duan)(duan)百(bai)分(fen)(fen)比驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)；其(qi)(qi)mppt功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)和led恒(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)受(shou)控(kong)于(yu)(yu)buck-boost型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)雙向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)同步(bu)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)dc-dc變(bian)(bian)換(huan)器(qi)和基于(yu)(yu)mppt原(yuan)理改(gai)進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)pid控(kong)制方(fang)法；dc-dc變(bian)(bian)換(huan)器(qi)正向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)運行時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)環路(lu)(lu)采(cai)用(yong)buck型(xing)拓(tuo)撲結構，對(dui)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進(jin)行mppt、恒(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、恒(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)相(xiang)結合的(de)(de)(de)三階段(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法；當(dang)(dang)dc-dc變(bian)(bian)換(huan)器(qi)反向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)運行時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)環路(lu)(lu)采(cai)用(yong)boost型(xing)拓(tuo)撲結構，實現(xian)led燈的(de)(de)(de)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輸(shu)出(chu)，并具有(you)pwm調光功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，其(qi)(qi)雙向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)設(she)計如(ru)下：包(bao)括led端(duan)、pv端(duan)、battery端(duan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容及其(qi)(qi)相(xiang)互串聯或并聯的(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)q1、q2、q3、q4、q5，其(qi)(qi)工作(zuo)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)設(she)置(zhi)有(you)兩種，即(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)和升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)；其(qi)(qi)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量由pv流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)到(dao)(dao)battery時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源端(duan)為(wei)(wei)pv端(duan)，q1驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，q3、q4打開(kai)(kai)，q5關(guan)(guan)閉，組成buck降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)；升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)由battery流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)到(dao)(dao)led時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源端(duan)是(shi)battery，此時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)q2驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，q3、q5打開(kai)(kai)，q4關(guan)(guan)閉，組成boost升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，并設(she)置(zhi)有(you)3種工作(zuo)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)：

（1）buck工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，電感電流(liu)(liu)il一(yi)直(zhi)保持大于零，q1工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)q2不工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，由pv端(duan)流(liu)(liu)至(zhi)battery端(duan),il不斷增加直(zhi)至(zhi)t=ton時(shi)，q1截止，d2續流(liu)(liu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，q2無(wu)電流(liu)(liu)通過；

（2）boost工(gong)(gong)作，電(dian)感電(dian)流(liu)il一直保持小(xiao)于零，由battery端(duan)流(liu)向led端(duan)，在(zai)ton到t時，q2工(gong)(gong)作q1不(bu)工(gong)(gong)作，il不(bu)斷增加，當達到t時刻時，q2截止停止工(gong)(gong)作，d1續流(liu)工(gong)(gong)作，q1無電(dian)流(liu)通過；

（3）交替(ti)工作(zuo)，電感電流(liu)(liu)il正(zheng)負(fu)交替(ti)出現:在(zai)(zai)t0-t1時刻，q1導通(tong)工作(zuo)，在(zai)(zai)t1-ton時刻，q1導通(tong)同(tong)時有(you)(you)電流(liu)(liu)通(tong)過，d2續(xu)流(liu)(liu)，il會(hui)不(bu)斷變小且值(zhi)(zhi)依(yi)然大于(yu)零(ling)(ling)；在(zai)(zai)ton-t時刻，q2導通(tong)且有(you)(you)電流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)過，il不(bu)斷上(shang)升但值(zhi)(zhi)小于(yu)零(ling)(ling)。

其基于mppt原理(li)改進的pid控(kong)制方(fang)法如下：

從附圖中可以看出：光伏電池的最大功率點（mpp），就是曲線上對應斜率為零的點，而且這樣點是唯一的；在最大功率點兩側，對應工作點的斜率絕對值大小，與當前工作點離最大功率點距離成正相關；由此，可以將太陽能光伏電池陣列的輸出反饋到輸(shu)(shu)入端，而輸(shu)(shu)入給定量r設定為零，將其系統偏差量，即負(fu)的(de)(de)作(zuo)為pid控制(zhi)器的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)入；因而pid控制(zhi)，能(neng)夠根據光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)工作(zuo)點當前在p-u曲線上(shang)的(de)(de)位置(zhi)，不(bu)斷的(de)(de)調節dc-dc變(bian)換(huan)器pwm波的(de)(de)占空比大小，來改變(bian)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)等效負(fu)載，從而調整(zheng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，直到光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)工作(zuo)在最大功率點對(dui)應的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)處，實現最大功率點跟蹤。

實施例一：

太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)數(shu)學物理模型：現實中(zhong)，當接上負載(zai)的(de)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)受到光(guang)照的(de)時，光(guang)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)經過負載(zai)，會在(zai)負載(zai)兩(liang)端形成端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，此時太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路工作(zuo)過程可(ke)用圖(tu)所(suo)示(shi)的(de)等(deng)效(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路來表示(shi)；圖(tu)中(zhong)把(ba)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)看(kan)成能(neng)(neng)(neng)產生穩定(ding)(ding)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)源（光(guang)源穩定(ding)(ding)）；在(zai)圖(tu)中(zhong)，為太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，它(ta)主要(yao)由太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)表面(mian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)導體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)與桂表面(mian)的(de)接觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)所(suo)組(zu)成，為光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)旁(pang)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，也稱作(zuo)跨接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，它(ta)是由于(yu)硅(gui)片邊緣不(bu)清潔或(huo)體(ti)內的(de)缺(que)陷導致(zhi)的(de)；二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過的(de)正向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)通過結的(de)總擴散(san)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)和旁(pang)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)都是提供的(de)，剩下(xia)的(de)光(guang)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)經過，從(cong)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)出而(er)進(jin)入負載(zai)；根據光(guang)伏陣(zhen)列(lie)的(de)特性，其(qi)工作(zuo)方式可(ke)以用圖(tu)7所(suo)示(shi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路來等(deng)效(xiao)；

圖(tu)8中(zhong)isc表示光(guang)伏陣(zhen)列的激發電(dian)流，由光(guang)照強度(du)、溫度(du)等因(yin)素共同決(jue)定，且(qie)光(guang)照強度(du)越強，isc越大(da)。ivd代表光(guang)伏陣(zhen)列的擴散電(dian)流，其大(da)小可(ke)由公式(shi)（7）求得

(7)

式中q——電(dian)子電(dian)荷；

a——常數因子；

k——玻爾茲曼常數。

ido表(biao)示光伏陣列在沒有光照時的(de)飽和(he)電流(liu)，其大小可(ke)由公式（8）求得

(8)

式(shi)中a——光伏組(zu)件pn結面積；

eg——材料的帶隙；

nv、nc——價帶(dai)(dai)和導帶(dai)(dai)的有效態密度；

nd、na——施主雜質和受(shou)主雜質的(de)密度；

dp、dn——空(kong)穴(xue)和電子的擴(kuo)散系數(shu)；

、——空(kong)穴和電子(zi)(zi)的少子(zi)(zi)壽命。

根據圖8的等效電路，可以求得負載電流il為

(2-3)

式中rs——旁路電阻；

rsh——旁漏電組。

根據光(guang)伏陣列的(de)數學模(mo)型(xing)和等(deng)效(xiao)電路在(zai)matlab/simulink建立模(mo)型(xing)如圖8所示。

其中tc為外界的溫度，s為太陽光照強度，本文在matlab/simulink取，s=500w/m²。改變光伏陣列pv兩端的負載值，得到pv相對應的輸出電壓u和電流i的(de)值，將上述多組數(shu)據(ju)(ju)擬(ni)合可(ke)得u-i特(te)(te)性曲線(xian)如圖9所(suo)示，u-p特(te)(te)性曲線(xian)如圖10所(suo)示；通過上位機將上述數(shu)據(ju)(ju)寫入(ru)光伏模(mo)擬(ni)器，來模(mo)擬(ni)光伏陣列(lie)的(de)輸出(chu)特(te)(te)性。

以上所述，僅為本(ben)發(fa)(fa)明(ming)較佳的(de)(de)具體(ti)實施方式，但本(ben)發(fa)(fa)明(ming)的(de)(de)保(bao)護范(fan)圍(wei)并(bing)不局限于此(ci)，任何熟(shu)悉(xi)本(ben)技術(shu)(shu)領(ling)域的(de)(de)技術(shu)(shu)人員在本(ben)發(fa)(fa)明(ming)揭露的(de)(de)技術(shu)(shu)范(fan)圍(wei)內，根(gen)據本(ben)發(fa)(fa)明(ming)的(de)(de)技術(shu)(shu)方案及(ji)其(qi)發(fa)(fa)明(ming)構思(si)加以等同替(ti)換或改(gai)變(bian)，都應涵蓋在本(ben)發(fa)(fa)明(ming)的(de)(de)保(bao)護范(fan)圍(wei)之內。