本申請涉(she)及智(zhi)能(neng)微(wei)電(dian)網技術領(ling)域,尤其涉(she)及一種用(yong)戶側智(zhi)能(neng)微(wei)電(dian)網系統。
背景技術:
微(wei)電(dian)網(wang)技術是(shi)分(fen)布式(shi)光伏(fu)發電(dian)系統集成應(ying)用(yong)的(de)核心。通過微(wei)電(dian)網(wang),按照自用(yong)為主,富余上網(wang),因(yin)地(di)制宜(yi),有(you)序推進的(de)原則,在(zai)用(yong)戶側積極發展和規模化接入(ru)分(fen)布式(shi)光伏(fu)電(dian)源,是(shi)實現新能源就地(di)消(xiao)納(na)利用(yong),發揮分(fen)布式(shi)光伏(fu)發電(dian)兄(xiong)效能的(de)最(zui)有(you)效的(de)方式(shi)。
隨著分布式(shi)光伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統在用戶側的(de)規模化接入,以(yi)住(zhu)宅(zhai)家庭(ting)、小區(qu)為單元(yuan)的(de)典(dian)型用戶側子微電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)可能性大(da)大(da)增加。例如,以(yi)住(zhu)宅(zhai)家庭(ting)為基本用電(dian)(dian)(dian)單元(yuan),當每(mei)一用電(dian)(dian)(dian)單元(yuan)都(dou)獨立接入光伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),若干(gan)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)單元(yuan)與接入的(de)若干(gan)光伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)成子微電(dian)(dian)(dian)網。但是,由(you)于會(hui)受到(dao)日(ri)射量、積云(yun)量、溫度和濕度的(de)影響,光伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量并不是一成不變的(de),而是上下波動(dong)的(de);此(ci)外(wai),用電(dian)(dian)(dian)單元(yuan)的(de)受電(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷也(ye)因(yin)為時(shi)間、天氣(qi)等因(yin)素而上下波動(dong)。
因此,如何平衡(heng)發電與用電間(jian)的(de)關系,成為亟待解(jie)決的(de)技術(shu)問題。
技術實現要素:
本申請(qing)提供一種用(yong)戶(hu)側智能(neng)微(wei)電(dian)(dian)網系(xi)統,當用(yong)戶(hu)側規模化接(jie)入分布式(shi)光伏電(dian)(dian)源時,以解決發電(dian)(dian)與用(yong)電(dian)(dian)不平(ping)衡的技術問題。
本申請(qing)提(ti)供一種用(yong)戶側智(zhi)能微(wei)電網系(xi)統,包括(kuo):
配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)、區域(yu)型微電(dian)(dian)網(wang)中央控制器(qi)和(he)若干子微電(dian)(dian)網(wang);
所述(shu)配電(dian)網包括(kuo)自(zi)動化配電(dian)單(dan)元(yuan)、自(zi)動化調(diao)度(du)單(dan)元(yuan)以及數(shu)據采集單(dan)元(yuan);
所(suo)述區(qu)域型(xing)微(wei)電網(wang)中(zhong)央控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)包括依次(ci)串(chuan)接(jie)的主站通信單元(yuan)(yuan)、能量管理單元(yuan)(yuan)、數據處理單元(yuan)(yuan)、新能源(yuan)發電與負荷(he)預測單元(yuan)(yuan)以及毫秒級微(wei)網(wang)控制(zhi)(zhi)單元(yuan)(yuan);
所述(shu)主站(zhan)通信單元與所述(shu)自動化配電(dian)單元通過(guo)標準以太網接(jie)口和/或無(wu)線通信連(lian)接(jie);
每個所述子微電(dian)網(wang)包括戶(hu)用一體化終(zhong)端、總(zong)配(pei)電(dian)箱和若(ruo)干基本用電(dian)單元;
所述戶(hu)用一體化(hua)終端(duan)包括依(yi)次串接的雙(shuang)向計(ji)量單元、能效管理單元、人(ren)機(ji)界面和數據采(cai)集(ji)與監控單元;
所述數據采集與監控單元(yuan)與所述主站通信單元(yuan)通過(guo)標準以太網接(jie)口、RS-485接(jie)口和/或CAN接(jie)口連接(jie);
所(suo)述數據采集與監(jian)控(kong)單元還(huan)與所(suo)述總(zong)配(pei)電箱連接;
每個所述基本用電(dian)單元包括家用配電(dian)箱、過程(cheng)控制器、新能源發電(dian)裝置(zhi)和用電(dian)設備(bei);
所述家用(yong)配電箱(xiang)與所述總配電箱(xiang)連(lian)接;
所述過程控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)的輸入端與所述新能源發電裝(zhuang)置連接(jie);
所述過程(cheng)控制器的輸出(chu)端與所述家用配電(dian)箱(xiang)連接。
可選地,所述若干基本用電單元(yuan)中的一個(ge)基本用電單元(yuan)還包括儲能裝置;
所(suo)述儲(chu)能裝置與該基本用(yong)電單元的過程控制器的輸(shu)入端連接。
可(ke)選地,每(mei)個所述子微電(dian)網(wang)還(huan)包括(kuo)集(ji)中式儲能裝置;
所述(shu)集中式儲能裝置與(yu)所述(shu)總配(pei)電箱(xiang)連(lian)接。
進一(yi)步地,所(suo)述新能源發電裝置包(bao)括:光(guang)伏板(ban)、日射量計測單元、積云量計測單元以及溫度濕度計測單元;
所(suo)述(shu)日(ri)射量計測(ce)單(dan)元、所(suo)述(shu)積云(yun)量計測(ce)單(dan)元以及所(suo)述(shu)溫度濕度計測(ce)單(dan)元依次串(chuan)接;
所述日射(she)量(liang)計(ji)測(ce)單元(yuan)、所述積云量(liang)計(ji)測(ce)單元(yuan)以及所述溫度(du)濕度(du)計(ji)測(ce)單元(yuan)均與所述光(guang)伏板(ban)連(lian)接。
進一步地(di),所述(shu)新能源發電(dian)裝置還(huan)包(bao)括(kuo):電(dian)量監控單元;
所述電量監控(kong)單(dan)元與(yu)所述光(guang)伏板連(lian)接。
可選(xuan)地,所述家用配電箱內設有用于(yu)控制(zhi)所述子微電網(wang)(wang)并網(wang)(wang)或退網(wang)(wang)的0.4kV靜態(tai)開關。
可選地,所述家用(yong)配電箱內設有(you)用(yong)于(yu)控制所述子微電網并網或退網的0.4kV靜態開關(guan);
所述(shu)(shu)總配電箱內(nei)設(she)有用于控制所述(shu)(shu)子微電網(wang)并(bing)網(wang)或退網(wang)的0.4kV靜態開關。
可選地,所述光(guang)伏(fu)板為(wei)3kW光(guang)伏(fu)板。
可(ke)選地,所述儲(chu)能裝置的(de)容(rong)量為4.5kWh。
可選(xuan)地(di),所述集中式儲能(neng)裝置的容量為20.6kWh。
優選地,本申(shen)請提(ti)供的系統采(cai)用(yong)標準(zhun)Modbus通信(xin)協議實現數據(ju)交互。
由以上技術方案可知,本申(shen)請提供(gong)一(yi)種用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶側(ce)智能(neng)微(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網系統,包(bao)(bao)(bao)括:配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網、區(qu)域型(xing)微(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中(zhong)央控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器和(he)若干子微(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網;所(suo)述(shu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網包(bao)(bao)(bao)括自動(dong)化配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)、自動(dong)化調度(du)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)以及數據采集(ji)(ji)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan);所(suo)述(shu)區(qu)域型(xing)微(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中(zhong)央控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器包(bao)(bao)(bao)括依(yi)次串(chuan)接的主站通信單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)、能(neng)量管理單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)、數據處理單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)、新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)負荷預測單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)以及毫秒級微(wei)網控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan);每個所(suo)述(shu)子微(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網包(bao)(bao)(bao)括戶用(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)體化終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)、總配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱和(he)若干基本用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan);所(suo)述(shu)戶用(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)體化終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)包(bao)(bao)(bao)括依(yi)次串(chuan)接的雙(shuang)向計量單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)、能(neng)效管理單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)、數據采集(ji)(ji)與(yu)監控(kong)(kong)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)和(he)人機界面;每個所(suo)述(shu)基本用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)包(bao)(bao)(bao)括家(jia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱、過(guo)程控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器、新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置和(he)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備;
為了(le)解決現有技(ji)術中的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)側微(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang),尤(you)其是以(yi)住宅家(jia)(jia)庭、小區為基本單元的(de)(de)子微(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang),本申請提供的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)側智(zhi)能微(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)系統(tong)中:由(you)于(yu)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器的(de)(de)輸入(ru)端(duan)與(yu)新(xin)能源發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)(zhi)連接,過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器的(de)(de)輸出(chu)端(duan)與(yu)家(jia)(jia)用(yong)(yong)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱連接,家(jia)(jia)用(yong)(yong)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱與(yu)總配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱連接,總配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱與(yu)數據(ju)采(cai)集(ji)與(yu)監(jian)控(kong)單元連接,以(yi)使得(de)戶(hu)(hu)用(yong)(yong)一體(ti)化終端(duan)采(cai)集(ji)到新(xin)能源發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量以(yi)及用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)息;又由(you)于(yu)數據(ju)采(cai)集(ji)與(yu)監(jian)控(kong)單元與(yu)主站(zhan)通(tong)信(xin)(xin)單元通(tong)過(guo)標準以(yi)太(tai)網(wang)(wang)接口(kou)、RS-485接口(kou)和(he)/或(huo)CAN接口(kou)連接,因此將發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)息和(he)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)息傳送(song)至區域型微(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)中央控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器,利用(yong)(yong)新(xin)能源發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)負(fu)荷預測單元和(he)數據(ju)處理單元,對發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)息和(he)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)息進行(xing)分析處理得(de)出(chu)結果后,由(you)數據(ju)采(cai)集(ji)與(yu)監(jian)控(kong)單元對新(xin)能源發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)(zhi)和(he)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)做(zuo)出(chu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi),從而(er)平衡(heng)微(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)內發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)關系,優化微(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)調度與(yu)運行(xing)。
附圖說明
為了更清楚地說(shuo)明本申請的技術(shu)方(fang)案,下面將對實(shi)施例中(zhong)所需要使用的附圖作簡單地介紹(shao),顯而易見(jian)地,對于本領域(yu)普(pu)通技術(shu)人員(yuan)而言,在不付(fu)出創造性(xing)勞動(dong)性(xing)的前提下,還可(ke)以根(gen)據這些附圖獲得(de)其他的附圖。
圖1為根(gen)據一示例(li)性(xing)實(shi)施(shi)例(li)示出的一種(zhong)用戶側智能(neng)微電網系統結構示意簡圖;
圖2為根據一示(shi)例(li)性實施例(li)示(shi)出的一種(zhong)子(zi)微電(dian)網結構示(shi)意圖;
圖3為根據一示(shi)例性實(shi)施(shi)例示(shi)出的另一種子微電網結構示(shi)意圖;
圖4為根(gen)據一示(shi)例性實施例示(shi)出的又一種(zhong)子微電網結構示(shi)意圖;
圖(tu)5為根據一示(shi)例性實施例示(shi)出的(de)一種新能源(yuan)發電裝(zhuang)置結構示(shi)意圖(tu);
圖示說明:1-配(pei)電(dian)網;11-自動(dong)化配(pei)電(dian)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan);12-自動(dong)化調度單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan);13-數據(ju)采(cai)集(ji)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan);2-區域型微電(dian)網中(zhong)央控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器;21-主站(zhan)通信單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan);22-能(neng)量管理(li)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan);23-數據(ju)處理(li)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan);24-新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)發電(dian)與負荷預(yu)測(ce)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan);25-毫秒級微網控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan);3-子(zi)微電(dian)網;31-戶用一(yi)體化終端(duan);311-雙向計(ji)量單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan);312-能(neng)效管理(li)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan);313-人機界面(mian);314-數據(ju)采(cai)集(ji)與監(jian)控(kong)(kong)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan);32-總配(pei)電(dian)箱;33-基本用電(dian)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan);34-集(ji)中(zhong)式(shi)儲能(neng)裝(zhuang)置;331-家用配(pei)電(dian)箱;332-過程控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器;333-新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)發電(dian)裝(zhuang)置;3331-光伏板;3332-日射量計(ji)測(ce)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan);3333-積云量計(ji)測(ce)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan);3334溫度濕(shi)度計(ji)測(ce)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan);3335-電(dian)量監(jian)控(kong)(kong)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan);334-用電(dian)設(she)備(bei);335-儲能(neng)裝(zhuang)置。
具體實施方式
請參見(jian)圖(tu)1和圖(tu)2,其中,圖(tu)1為根據一示(shi)例性實施例示(shi)出的(de)用戶側(ce)智能(neng)微(wei)電網系統結(jie)構(gou)示(shi)意簡圖(tu),圖(tu)2為根據一示(shi)例性實施例示(shi)出的(de)子(zi)微(wei)電網結(jie)構(gou)示(shi)意圖(tu)。
本申(shen)請提供一種用戶側智能微電網系統(tong),包(bao)括:
配電網(wang)1、區域型微(wei)電網(wang)中央控制器2和(he)若干子微(wei)電網(wang)3;
所(suo)述配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網1包括(kuo)自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)單(dan)元(yuan)11、自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)調度單(dan)元(yuan)12以(yi)及數據采集單(dan)元(yuan)13;
配(pei)電自(zi)動化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)是服(fu)務于城鄉配(pei)電網改造(zao)建設的(de)(de)重(zhong)要技(ji)術(shu),通信技(ji)術(shu)是配(pei)電自(zi)動化(hua)的(de)(de)關鍵。目前,我國配(pei)電自(zi)動化(hua)進行了較多(duo)試點(dian),由配(pei)電主(zhu)站、子站和饋(kui)線終端構(gou)成(cheng)的(de)(de)三層結構(gou)已得到(dao)普遍認可,光纖(xian)通信作(zuo)為主(zhu)干網的(de)(de)通信方式也得到(dao)共識。
配(pei)電自(zi)動(dong)化單元(DAS)是一種可(ke)以(yi)使(shi)配(pei)電企業在遠方以(yi)實時方式(shi)監視、協調和操作配(pei)電設備的自(zi)動(dong)化系(xi)(xi)統;其(qi)內容包括配(pei)電網數(shu)據采集與監視系(xi)(xi)統(SCADA)、配(pei)電地理(li)信息系(xi)(xi)統(GIS)和需求側管(guan)理(li)(DSM)幾個部分。
所(suo)述區域型微電(dian)(dian)網中(zhong)央(yang)控制器2包括依次串接(jie)的主(zhu)站通信單(dan)元21、能量(liang)管理(li)單(dan)元22、數據處理(li)單(dan)元23、新能源發電(dian)(dian)與負荷預測(ce)單(dan)元24以(yi)及毫秒級微網控制單(dan)元25;
所(suo)述主站通信單(dan)元21與所(suo)述自(zi)動化配電(dian)單(dan)元11通過標準以太網接(jie)口和/或無(wu)線通信連接(jie);
本申請(qing)提供的系(xi)統中,區域型微(wei)(wei)電網中央(yang)控制器2能夠實(shi)現微(wei)(wei)電網的運(yun)行(xing)控制及保護(hu),具(ju)備(bei)黑啟(qi)動、孤島(dao)檢(jian)測(ce)、并退網切(qie)換、頻(pin)率(lv)和電壓的穩定控制、微(wei)(wei)電網優(you)化運(yun)行(xing)及調度以(yi)及故障保護(hu)等(deng)功能。
具(ju)體地,黑啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)功能(neng)是指(zhi)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)在崩潰情況(kuang)下的(de)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)/手動(dong)(dong)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong),增(zeng)強微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)自(zi)愈能(neng)力(li);頻率穩定控(kong)制是指(zhi)結合(he)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)對頻率的(de)要求,通過(guo)對微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及(ji)負荷有功的(de)調(diao)整(zheng),實(shi)現(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)頻率的(de)穩定控(kong)制;電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)穩定控(kong)制是指(zhi)結合(he)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)要求,通過(guo)對微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及(ji)負荷無(wu)功的(de)調(diao)整(zheng),實(shi)現(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)穩定控(kong)制;孤(gu)島(dao)檢測(ce)控(kong)制是指(zhi)實(shi)現(xian)多點孤(gu)島(dao)檢測(ce),并(bing)降低檢測(ce)過(guo)程中對微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)質量的(de)干(gan)擾;保護控(kong)制是指(zhi)實(shi)現(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)在離(li)、并(bing)網(wang)(wang)情況(kuang)下故障的(de)快速、可靠切除。
在本申請中,主站通信單元(yuan)21主要用于(yu)與(yu)上層(ceng)調(diao)度和(he)下(xia)層(ceng)設(she)備(bei)進(jin)行(xing)數據(ju)通訊(xun),例(li)如,在本申請中主站通信單元(yuan)21與(yu)所述自動化配(pei)(pei)電單元(yuan)11通過標準以太網(wang)(wang)接口和(he)/或無線通信連接,從而實現區域型微電網(wang)(wang)中央(yang)控制器2與(yu)上層(ceng)配(pei)(pei)電網(wang)(wang)的聯系。
能量(liang)管理單(dan)元22主要用(yong)于(yu)根據(ju)負荷(he)即(ji)用(yong)電量(liang)、光伏和/或(huo)儲(chu)能即(ji)用(yong)電量(liang)的信息,按照指令進(jin)行基于(yu)多(duo)個子微網之(zhi)間的聯絡線功率的自(zi)動分配;
新(xin)能源發電(dian)(dian)與負荷(he)預測單元(yuan)24主要用于對(dui)新(xin)能源發電(dian)(dian)裝置的(de)發電(dian)(dian)量和用電(dian)(dian)設備的(de)用電(dian)(dian)量做出預測,為(wei)微電(dian)(dian)網控制提供數據依據;
毫秒級微網(wang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單元25高度集成在區(qu)域型(xing)微電網(wang)中央控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器2的(de)硬件平(ping)臺(tai)中,能夠保證微電網(wang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)精確性和快(kuai)速響應性。
優選地(di),區域型微電網中央(yang)控制(zhi)器2采用(yong)MGC201微電網中央(yang)控制(zhi)器。
每個所述(shu)子微電網3包括(kuo)戶用一體化(hua)終端31、總配電箱32和若干基本用電單元(yuan)33;
所述(shu)戶(hu)用(yong)一體化(hua)終端31包(bao)括依次串接的雙向計量單(dan)元311、能(neng)效管理單(dan)元312、人(ren)機(ji)界面(mian)313和(he)數據采集與監控單(dan)元314;
所述數據采集與監(jian)控單元314與所述主(zhu)站通信單元21通過(guo)標準以太(tai)網接(jie)口(kou)、RS-485接(jie)口(kou)和/或CAN接(jie)口(kou)連接(jie);
為了保證(zheng)分布(bu)式(shi)電(dian)源(yuan)用(yong)戶側微(wei)電(dian)網的孤網穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)運、能(neng)(neng)效管理與(yu)優化,需要(yao)獲得用(yong)電(dian)設(she)備(負荷(he))的功(gong)率、用(yong)電(dian)量(liang)、用(yong)電(dian)特(te)性等相(xiang)關數(shu)據(ju),因此需要(yao)對分布(bu)式(shi)光伏發電(dian)、儲能(neng)(neng)裝置(zhi)及負荷(he)情況進行監測和計量(liang),為微(wei)電(dian)網的穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)控制和能(neng)(neng)效管理提供數(shu)據(ju)依據(ju)。
本申請提供(gong)的(de)系統(tong)(tong)中,戶用(yong)(yong)一體化終端31能夠(gou)實現光(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)及子微(wei)電(dian)網(wang)的(de)雙(shuang)向(xiang)計量、光(guang)伏(fu)系統(tong)(tong)即(ji)新(xin)能源發電(dian)裝置信(xin)息采(cai)集、儲能信(xin)息采(cai)集及負荷(he)即(ji)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)設備的(de)信(xin)息采(cai)集,為微(wei)電(dian)網(wang)的(de)控制及能效管(guan)理提供(gong)基(ji)(ji)礎,為系統(tong)(tong)平(ping)衡發電(dian)量和用(yong)(yong)電(dian)量關系提供(gong)基(ji)(ji)礎。
戶用一(yi)體化終31端(duan)接(jie)受上一(yi)層的區域(yu)型微(wei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)中(zhong)央控制(zhi)器2控制(zhi)。例(li)如(ru),在本申(shen)請中(zhong),數據(ju)采集與(yu)監控單(dan)元314與(yu)所述主站通(tong)信單(dan)元21通(tong)過標(biao)準以太網(wang)(wang)接(jie)口、RS-485接(jie)口和/或CAN接(jie)口連(lian)接(jie),從而實現(xian)子微(wei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)中(zhong)戶用一(yi)體化終端(duan)31與(yu)區域(yu)型微(wei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)中(zhong)央控制(zhi)器2的聯系(xi)。
所(suo)述數據采集與監控單(dan)元314還與所(suo)述總配電箱(xiang)32連接;
優選地,所述人機界面(mian)313采用LCD液晶屏,用戶可(ke)以通過LCD液晶屏的(de)操(cao)作,讀取發電信(xin)息(xi)與用電信(xin)息(xi)。
每(mei)個(ge)所(suo)述基本用電(dian)單元33包括家用配電(dian)箱331、過程控制器332、新能源發電(dian)裝(zhuang)置333和用電(dian)設(she)備334;
過程(cheng)控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)332即以(yi)表征生(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)的(de)參(can)量為被控制(zhi)(zhi)量,并使之接近給定(ding)值,或保持在給定(ding)范(fan)圍內的(de)自動控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)。
在本申請(qing)中,自動化調度(du)單元12根據(ju)區(qu)域型微電網中央控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)2上送(song)的聯(lian)絡(luo)線功率值,下發一個控制(zhi)(zhi)目標值,形(xing)成(cheng)過程控制(zhi)(zhi)。
所述(shu)(shu)家(jia)用配電箱331與所述(shu)(shu)總配電箱32連接;
所述過程控(kong)制器332的輸入端與(yu)所述新能源發電裝置333連接;
所述(shu)(shu)過程控(kong)制器332的(de)輸出端與所述(shu)(shu)家用配電箱331連(lian)接(jie)。
優選地(di),本申請提供的(de)系統(tong)采用標準Modbus通信(xin)協議實現數據交(jiao)互。
結(jie)合上述實施例,本申(shen)請所述的子微電網和(he)基本用電單元可(ke)以(yi)是下述的其中任一種可(ke)能的實現方式。
假設,從桃林(lin)小區的(de)(de)(de)電能用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)中,選取1號樓3單(dan)元(yuan)中的(de)(de)(de)6戶(hu)(hu)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu),建立(li)子(zi)微電網。具體地:針對每戶(hu)(hu)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu),均配(pei)(pei)(pei)置一(yi)(yi)個家用(yong)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電箱;新(xin)建6套連接有過程(cheng)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)能源(yuan)發電裝(zhuang)置,并接入(ru)每戶(hu)(hu)家用(yong)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電箱中;每戶(hu)(hu)自有的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)電設備、新(xin)能源(yuan)發電裝(zhuang)置、過程(cheng)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器及(ji)家用(yong)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電箱構成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)個基(ji)本用(yong)電單(dan)元(yuan)。再在單(dan)元(yuan)樓口出新(xin)建一(yi)(yi)個總(zong)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電箱,分別與(yu)6戶(hu)(hu)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)家用(yong)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電箱相連,并配(pei)(pei)(pei)置一(yi)(yi)個本申請所述的(de)(de)(de)戶(hu)(hu)用(yong)一(yi)(yi)體化終端(duan),與(yu)總(zong)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電箱相連。如此一(yi)(yi)來(lai),便(bian)形成(cheng)由6個基(ji)本用(yong)電單(dan)元(yuan)、一(yi)(yi)個總(zong)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電箱以及(ji)一(yi)(yi)個戶(hu)(hu)用(yong)一(yi)(yi)體化終端(duan)構成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)第(di)一(yi)(yi)子(zi)微電網。
請參(can)閱圖3,所(suo)述(shu)若干基本用電(dian)單元中的一個基本用電(dian)單元33還包(bao)括儲能裝置(zhi)335;
所述儲能裝置335與該基本用電(dian)單(dan)元33的過(guo)程(cheng)控制器(qi)332的輸入端連接。
接入新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置即光伏能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)后(hou),將可能(neng)(neng)(neng)導致微電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)或子微電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、諧波分量(liang)增大,一方面新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)及其(qi)輸出功率很難(nan)與(yu)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設備的(de)(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)相匹配而平衡(heng),另一方面,對計量(liang)精度也(ye)存在一定(ding)影響,從而影響系統(tong)對于(yu)微電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)控制。光伏能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)作為用(yong)戶側微電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)重要(yao)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan),對微電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)穩定(ding)運行及能(neng)(neng)(neng)效優化具有重要(yao)意義。
基于此,儲能裝置作(zuo)為消納分(fen)布式光伏電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)以及微電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的緊急(ji)備用電(dian)(dian)源(yuan),是微電(dian)(dian)網(wang)穩定控制的重要支持。
具體地,在上述實施例所述的(de)第一(yi)子(zi)微電網基(ji)礎之上,選取第1戶(hu)用(yong)戶(hu),配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)一(yi)套(tao)儲能裝置(zhi),并將儲能裝置(zhi)與該用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)過(guo)程控(kong)制器連接,接入該用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)家(jia)用(yong)配(pei)(pei)電箱,如此一(yi)來,便形成(cheng)由5個(ge)基(ji)本用(yong)電單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)、一(yi)個(ge)接有(you)儲能裝置(zhi)的(de)用(yong)電單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)、一(yi)個(ge)總配(pei)(pei)電箱以及一(yi)個(ge)戶(hu)用(yong)一(yi)體化終端構成(cheng)的(de)第二(er)子(zi)微電網。
請(qing)參閱圖4,每個所(suo)述子微電網3還包括集中(zhong)式(shi)儲能(neng)裝置34;
所(suo)述集中式儲能(neng)裝置(zhi)34與(yu)所(suo)述總配(pei)電箱32連接。
具體地,在上(shang)述實(shi)施例所述的(de)第一子(zi)微電(dian)(dian)網(wang)基礎之(zhi)上(shang),配置(zhi)一套集中式(shi)儲(chu)(chu)能裝(zhuang)置(zhi),并(bing)將所述集中式(shi)儲(chu)(chu)能裝(zhuang)置(zhi)與總配電(dian)(dian)箱連(lian)接,該集中式(shi)儲(chu)(chu)能裝(zhuang)置(zhi)為6戶(hu)(hu)用戶(hu)(hu)提供集中式(shi)能源儲(chu)(chu)備。如此一來(lai),便形(xing)成不同于第一、第二子(zi)微電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)第三(san)子(zi)微電(dian)(dian)網(wang)。
請參閱圖(tu)5,所述新能(neng)源發(fa)電裝(zhuang)置333包(bao)括:光伏板(ban)3331、日(ri)射量計(ji)測單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)3332、積云量計(ji)測單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)3333以及溫度(du)濕度(du)計(ji)測單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)3334;
所述日射量(liang)(liang)計測單元3332、所述積(ji)云量(liang)(liang)計測單元3333以及所述溫(wen)度濕(shi)度計測單元3334依次串接;
所述(shu)日射量計測單元(yuan)3332、所述(shu)積(ji)云量計測單元(yuan)3333以及(ji)所述(shu)溫度(du)濕度(du)計測單元(yuan)3334均與(yu)所述(shu)光伏板3331連(lian)接。
進一步地,所(suo)述新能源發(fa)電(dian)裝置333還包括:電(dian)量監控單元3335;
所(suo)述電量監控單元3335與(yu)所(suo)述光伏板3331連接。
對(dui)(dui)于(yu)具有新(xin)能(neng)源車(che)的用戶,所述(shu)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)監控(kong)單元3335主要用于(yu)對(dui)(dui)新(xin)能(neng)源車(che)從所述(shu)新(xin)能(neng)源發電(dian)(dian)裝置處獲取的電(dian)(dian)能(neng)量(liang)進行采集(ji)和控(kong)制。
可選地,所述家用(yong)配(pei)電箱331內設(she)有用(yong)于控制所述子微電網并網或退網的(de)0.4kV靜態開關。
可(ke)選地,所(suo)述(shu)家用配(pei)電箱(xiang)331內(nei)設有用于控制所(suo)述(shu)子微電網(wang)并網(wang)或退網(wang)的0.4kV靜態開(kai)關;
0.4kV靜態開關(guan),額(e)定(ding)電流63A,要求可在20ms內實現開關(guan)的開斷和(he)閉合,同(tong)時(shi)與儲能逆(ni)變器配(pei)合,實現上述(shu)第二子(zi)微電網的無縫(feng)切(qie)換。
所述(shu)總配電箱32內設(she)有用于控制控制所述(shu)子微電網(wang)(wang)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)或(huo)退(tui)網(wang)(wang)的0.4kV靜(jing)態開關(guan)。
0.4kV靜態(tai)開關,額(e)定電流(liu)200A,要求(qiu)可在20ms內實現開關的開斷(duan)和閉合(he),同時(shi)與儲能逆變器配合(he),實現上述第三子(zi)微(wei)電網的無(wu)縫切換。
與傳統斷(duan)路器相比,該靜態開(kai)關需(xu)要(yao)具備通(tong)訊功(gong)能(neng),可是(shi)實(shi)現監控和(he)上傳基本電(dian)氣量(liang)和(he)開(kai)關狀態量(liang),同(tong)時(shi)接收上層控制系統的控制。同(tong)時(shi),需(xu)要(yao)具備迅速地斷(duan)開(kai)和(he)閉合的能(neng)力,與儲(chu)能(neng)逆變(bian)器和(he)戶(hu)用一體化終端配合,共(gong)同(tong)實(shi)現子微(wei)電(dian)網中分布(bu)式能(neng)源并退網的無(wu)縫切換。
需(xu)要(yao)(yao)說明(ming)的(de)是,正(zheng)常情況下,上述子微電網(wang)可在并(bing)網(wang)和退(tui)網(wang)兩(liang)種(zhong)模(mo)式(shi)下運(yun)行。并(bing)網(wang)時,各子微電網(wang)中的(de)分布式(shi)電源均參與配電網(wang)的(de)調度。退(tui)網(wang)時的(de)切換主要(yao)(yao)有儲能裝置(zhi)和相應的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)并(bing)退(tui)網(wang)的(de)開關共同完(wan)成。
可(ke)選地,所(suo)述光(guang)伏板3331為3kW光(guang)伏板。
可(ke)選地,所述儲能裝置335的容量為4.5kWh。
可選地(di),所(suo)述集中(zhong)式(shi)儲能(neng)裝置(zhi)34的容量為20.6kWh。
由(you)以上技術(shu)方案可知,本申請提供一種(zhong)用(yong)戶側智能(neng)微(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)系(xi)統,包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo):配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)1、區域型微(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中(zhong)央控(kong)(kong)(kong)制器2和(he)(he)若干子微(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)3;所(suo)(suo)(suo)述配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)1包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)自動化(hua)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)11、自動化(hua)調度單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)12以及(ji)數據采集(ji)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)13;所(suo)(suo)(suo)述區域型微(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中(zhong)央控(kong)(kong)(kong)制器2包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)依次(ci)串接的主站通信單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)21、能(neng)量管理單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)22、數據處(chu)理單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)23、新能(neng)源發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與負荷預測單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)24以及(ji)毫秒級微(wei)網(wang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)25;每個所(suo)(suo)(suo)述子微(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)3包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)戶用(yong)一體(ti)化(hua)終端31、總配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)32和(he)(he)若干基本用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)33;所(suo)(suo)(suo)述戶用(yong)一體(ti)化(hua)終端31包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)依次(ci)串接的雙向計量單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)311、能(neng)效管理單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)312、人機界面313和(he)(he)數據采集(ji)與監控(kong)(kong)(kong)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)314;每個所(suo)(suo)(suo)述基本用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)33包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)家用(yong)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)331、過程控(kong)(kong)(kong)制器332、新能(neng)源發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)333和(he)(he)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)334;
為了解決現有技術(shu)中的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)側微(wei)(wei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang),尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)以(yi)住宅家庭、小(xiao)區(qu)為基本單(dan)元的(de)(de)(de)子微(wei)(wei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang),本申請提供的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)側智能微(wei)(wei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)系統中:由于過(guo)(guo)程控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)332的(de)(de)(de)輸入端與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)新能源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)裝置333連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie),過(guo)(guo)程控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)332的(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)端與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)家用(yong)配電(dian)箱331連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie),家用(yong)配電(dian)箱331與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)總(zong)(zong)配電(dian)箱32連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie),總(zong)(zong)配電(dian)箱32與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)數(shu)據(ju)采(cai)(cai)集與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)監(jian)控(kong)單(dan)元314連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie),以(yi)使得戶(hu)(hu)用(yong)一體化終(zhong)端31采(cai)(cai)集到(dao)新能源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)裝置333的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)信息(xi)以(yi)及用(yong)電(dian)設備334的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)電(dian)信息(xi);又由于數(shu)據(ju)采(cai)(cai)集與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)監(jian)控(kong)單(dan)元314與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)主站通信單(dan)元21通過(guo)(guo)標(biao)準以(yi)太網(wang)(wang)(wang)接(jie)(jie)口、RS-485接(jie)(jie)口和/或(huo)CAN接(jie)(jie)口連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie),因(yin)此將(jiang)發(fa)電(dian)信息(xi)和用(yong)電(dian)信息(xi)傳送至區(qu)域型(xing)微(wei)(wei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)中央控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)2,利(li)用(yong)新能源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)負荷(he)預測單(dan)元24和數(shu)據(ju)處理單(dan)元23,對發(fa)電(dian)信息(xi)和用(yong)電(dian)信息(xi)進行分析處理得出(chu)結果后,由數(shu)據(ju)采(cai)(cai)集與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)監(jian)控(kong)單(dan)元314對新能源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)裝置333和用(yong)電(dian)設備334做出(chu)控(kong)制(zhi),從而平衡微(wei)(wei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)內發(fa)電(dian)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)用(yong)電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)關系,優(you)化微(wei)(wei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)調度與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)運行。
以上所述的(de)本(ben)發(fa)明(ming)(ming)實施方(fang)式并不(bu)構成對本(ben)發(fa)明(ming)(ming)保護范圍的(de)限定。