本(ben)發明屬于鋰電池保護技術領域,具體地來(lai)說,是一種大(da)功率鋰電池保護器。
背景技術:
鋰(li)(li)電池(chi),是(shi)一(yi)類由鋰(li)(li)金屬或鋰(li)(li)合金為(wei)負極材料、使用非(fei)水電解質溶液的電池(chi)。鋰(li)(li)電池(chi)大致可分為(wei)兩(liang)類:鋰(li)(li)金屬電池(chi)和(he)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子電池(chi)。其中,鋰(li)(li)離(li)子電池(chi)不含有金屬態的鋰(li)(li),并且是(shi)可以(yi)充電的。
隨著(zhu)數(shu)碼產(chan)品如(ru)手機、筆記本(ben)電(dian)腦等產(chan)品的(de)(de)廣(guang)泛(fan)使(shi)用,鋰離子電(dian)池以(yi)優異的(de)(de)性能在這類產(chan)品中得(de)到廣(guang)泛(fan)應(ying)(ying)用,并在逐步向其他產(chan)品應(ying)(ying)用領(ling)域(yu)發(fa)展,目前(qian)已成(cheng)為鋰電(dian)池的(de)(de)主流產(chan)品。
鋰電(dian)池(chi)無記(ji)憶效應,因而循環次數多、使(shi)用壽命長。與此同時,鋰電(dian)池(chi)也存在一些缺陷,例如不能(neng)出現過充或過放,否則將極大地損害鋰電(dian)池(chi)的使(shi)用壽命。
特(te)別地,對于(yu)大功(gong)率鋰電池(chi)(chi)(chi)而言,該情況(kuang)將更為嚴重。為此,需要(yao)對鋰電池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)充放電過程(cheng)進行保(bao)護。現有(you)的(de)大功(gong)率鋰電池(chi)(chi)(chi)保(bao)護,由于(yu)結構所限,多采用單(dan)一的(de)控制判(pan)斷單(dan)元,容易(yi)出現信號沖突(tu)而影(ying)響判(pan)斷的(de)精確度,造成保(bao)護效果不佳。
技術實現要素:
為(wei)了克服現有技術的不足,本(ben)發(fa)明提供了一種(zhong)大(da)功率鋰電(dian)池保護器(qi),控制判斷準確(que)、可靠性高。
本發明的目的通過以(yi)下技術方案來實現(xian):
一種大功率鋰電(dian)池(chi)保護器,包括采集單(dan)(dan)(dan)元、控制單(dan)(dan)(dan)元、驅(qu)動單(dan)(dan)(dan)元、執行單(dan)(dan)(dan)元:
所述采(cai)集單元(yuan)用(yong)于采(cai)集鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池包(bao)的充放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)、所述鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池包(bao)中單體鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)及所述鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池包(bao)與充電(dian)(dian)器及負載的通(tong)斷(duan)狀態,并將采(cai)集到(dao)的數(shu)據輸(shu)出至所述控制單元(yuan);
所(suo)述控制(zhi)單元(yuan)包(bao)括欠壓保(bao)護(hu)控制(zhi)模(mo)塊、短路保(bao)護(hu)控制(zhi)模(mo)塊、過(guo)流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)控制(zhi)模(mo)塊、過(guo)充(chong)保(bao)護(hu)控制(zhi)模(mo)塊,用于(yu)根據(ju)所(suo)述采集到的(de)數據(ju)與預定閾值對(dui)比,根據(ju)對(dui)比結果(guo)向(xiang)所(suo)述驅動單元(yuan)發出指令信號;
所述驅動(dong)單元(yuan)用(yong)于根據所述指(zhi)令信號,驅動(dong)所述執(zhi)行單元(yuan)執(zhi)行動(dong)作;
所述執(zhi)行單元用于執(zhi)行對所述鋰電池包及所述單體鋰電池的通(tong)斷切(qie)換(huan)。
作為上(shang)述技術方(fang)案(an)的(de)改(gai)進,所述采集單元包括:
電壓(ya)監測(ce)器,用(yong)于采集所述單體鋰電池的(de)電壓(ya);
電(dian)流(liu)監(jian)測器,用于采集所述(shu)鋰電(dian)池(chi)包的充(chong)放電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)。
作為上(shang)述技術(shu)方(fang)案的進一步改(gai)進,所述欠壓保護(hu)控(kong)制模塊(kuai)包(bao)括欠壓比較器、欠壓信號發生(sheng)器與欠壓控(kong)制器:
所(suo)(suo)述欠(qian)壓比較器(qi)用于將所(suo)(suo)述電(dian)壓監測器(qi)的檢測值(zhi)與(yu)欠(qian)壓閾值(zhi)比較;
所述欠壓信(xin)號發生(sheng)(sheng)器(qi)根據所述欠壓比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)器(qi)的比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)結果而產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)控(kong)制(zhi)電平(ping)信(xin)號;
所(suo)述(shu)(shu)(shu)欠壓(ya)控制器(qi)包(bao)括一NPN型三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)管,所(suo)述(shu)(shu)(shu)NPN型三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)管的基(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)通(tong)過一電阻器(qi)與所(suo)述(shu)(shu)(shu)欠壓(ya)信號發生器(qi)的輸出端連(lian)接(jie),所(suo)述(shu)(shu)(shu)NPN型三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)管的基(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)與發射極(ji)(ji)之間連(lian)接(jie)有一電容器(qi),所(suo)述(shu)(shu)(shu)NPN型三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)管的集電極(ji)(ji)與所(suo)述(shu)(shu)(shu)驅動單元連(lian)接(jie)。
作(zuo)為上(shang)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)技術方案的(de)(de)進(jin)一步改(gai)進(jin),所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)短路保護控(kong)制模塊包括一NPN型(xing)三(san)極(ji)管(guan),所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)NPN型(xing)三(san)極(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)發射極(ji)與(yu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)鋰電(dian)池(chi)包的(de)(de)負極(ji)連(lian)(lian)接(jie),所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)NPN型(xing)三(san)極(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)基極(ji)通過一電(dian)容器與(yu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)鋰電(dian)池(chi)包的(de)(de)負極(ji)連(lian)(lian)接(jie),所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)NPN型(xing)三(san)極(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)集電(dian)極(ji)與(yu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)驅動(dong)單(dan)元(yuan)連(lian)(lian)接(jie),所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)NPN型(xing)三(san)極(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)基極(ji)通過一電(dian)阻(zu)器與(yu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)單(dan)體電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)負極(ji)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)。
作為上述技術方案的(de)進一步改(gai)進,所述過流保(bao)護控制模塊包(bao)括過流比較器、過流信(xin)號發生器與過流控制器:
所(suo)述過流比較器用于將所(suo)述電(dian)壓監測器的檢測值與過流閾(yu)值比較;
所述(shu)過(guo)流(liu)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)發生(sheng)器根據所述(shu)過(guo)流(liu)比較器的(de)比較結(jie)果而(er)產生(sheng)控制電平信(xin)(xin)號(hao);
所述過流控制器包括至少一(yi)個(ge)用于控制所述驅動(dong)單元的(de)NPN型三極(ji)管。
作為上述(shu)技術方案的進(jin)一步改進(jin),所述(shu)過充(chong)保護控(kong)制模塊(kuai)包(bao)括過充(chong)比較器(qi)、過充(chong)信號發生器(qi)與過充(chong)控(kong)制器(qi):
所(suo)述(shu)過充比(bi)較器(qi)用于將所(suo)述(shu)電壓監(jian)測器(qi)的檢測值與(yu)過充閾(yu)值比(bi)較;
所(suo)述(shu)(shu)過充(chong)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)發(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)根據所(suo)述(shu)(shu)過充(chong)比較(jiao)器(qi)的比較(jiao)結(jie)果而產生(sheng)控(kong)制電(dian)平信(xin)號(hao)(hao),并將所(suo)述(shu)(shu)控(kong)制電(dian)平信(xin)號(hao)(hao)輸出(chu)至所(suo)述(shu)(shu)過充(chong)控(kong)制器(qi);
所述(shu)過充控制(zhi)器包括(kuo)至少一(yi)個用于(yu)控制(zhi)所述(shu)驅(qu)動(dong)單元(yuan)的NPN型三(san)極管。
作為(wei)上述技術方案的進一(yi)(yi)步改進,所述驅動單元包括至少(shao)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)充(chong)(chong)電驅 動半橋,所述充(chong)(chong)電驅動半橋包括一(yi)(yi)NPN型三極管與(yu)一(yi)(yi)PNP型三極管:
所(suo)述NPN型三極管(guan)的發射(she)極與所(suo)述PNP型三極管(guan)的發射(she)極連接;
所述NPN型三極管(guan)的(de)基極與所述PNP型三極管(guan)的(de)發(fa)射(she)極連接。
作為上述技術方案的進(jin)一步改進(jin),所述驅(qu)動(dong)單(dan)元包(bao)括(kuo)至少一個(ge)放電(dian)驅(qu)動(dong)半(ban)橋(qiao),所述放電(dian)驅(qu)動(dong)半(ban)橋(qiao)包(bao)括(kuo)一NPN型(xing)三極管(guan)與一個(ge)PNP型(xing)三極管(guan):
所述NPN型(xing)三(san)極管的發(fa)射(she)極與所述PNP型(xing)三(san)極管的發(fa)射(she)極連接;
所述NPN型三(san)極(ji)管的基極(ji)與所述PNP型三(san)極(ji)管的發射(she)極(ji)連接。
作為(wei)上述(shu)技術方案的進一步(bu)改進,所述(shu)執行(xing)(xing)單(dan)元包括至少(shao)一個(ge)充電(dian)執行(xing)(xing)器與(yu)至少(shao)一個(ge)放(fang)電(dian)執行(xing)(xing)器:
所述充電(dian)執行器用于接通/切(qie)斷所述鋰(li)電(dian)池包(bao)與所述單體(ti)鋰(li)電(dian)池的(de)充電(dian)電(dian)路;
所(suo)(suo)述放(fang)電執行器用于接通(tong)/切(qie)斷(duan)所(suo)(suo)述鋰(li)電池(chi)包(bao)與所(suo)(suo)述單體鋰(li)電池(chi)的放(fang)電電路。
作(zuo)為上述(shu)技術方案的(de)(de)進一步改進,所(suo)(suo)(suo)述(shu)充電(dian)執行器包括多個并(bing)聯連(lian)接(jie)的(de)(de)充電(dian)側MOS管(guan),所(suo)(suo)(suo)述(shu)充電(dian)側MOS管(guan)的(de)(de)柵極與所(suo)(suo)(suo)述(shu)驅動(dong)單元(yuan)連(lian)接(jie),所(suo)(suo)(suo)述(shu)充電(dian)側MOS管(guan)的(de)(de)源(yuan)極與所(suo)(suo)(suo)述(shu)充電(dian)器的(de)(de)負極連(lian)接(jie),所(suo)(suo)(suo)述(shu)充電(dian)側MOS管(guan)的(de)(de)漏極與所(suo)(suo)(suo)述(shu)鋰電(dian)池包的(de)(de)負極連(lian)接(jie)。
和/或,所述(shu)放(fang)(fang)電執(zhi)行器包括多個并聯連(lian)接(jie)的放(fang)(fang)電側MOS管,所述(shu)放(fang)(fang)電側MOS管的柵極與(yu)(yu)所述(shu)驅動單元連(lian)接(jie),所述(shu)放(fang)(fang)電側MOS管的源極與(yu)(yu)所述(shu)單體(ti)鋰(li)電池的負極連(lian)接(jie),所述(shu)放(fang)(fang)電側MOS管的漏極與(yu)(yu)所述(shu)鋰(li)電池包的負極連(lian)接(jie)。
本(ben)發明的有益(yi)效果(guo)是:通過(guo)設置采集單(dan)元(yuan)、控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)、驅(qu)動單(dan)元(yuan)、執行單(dan)元(yuan),控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)包括獨立設置的欠(qian)壓保護控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)、短路(lu)保護控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)、 過(guo)流保護控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)、過(guo)充(chong)保護控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai),控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)驅(qu)動單(dan)元(yuan)而驅(qu)動執行單(dan)元(yuan)實現(xian)對鋰電池包及單(dan)體電池的充(chong)放電電路(lu)的通斷(duan)切換,不會出現(xian)信號(hao)沖突和(he)干擾,提(ti)供了一種控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)判斷(duan)準確、可靠性高的大功率鋰電池保護器。
為使本發明(ming)(ming)的上述目的、特征和優點能(neng)更明(ming)(ming)顯易懂,下文特舉較(jiao)佳(jia)實施例,并配合所附附圖(tu),作詳細說明(ming)(ming)如下。
附圖說明
為了更清(qing)楚地說明(ming)本(ben)(ben)發明(ming)實施例(li)的(de)技(ji)術方(fang)案,下(xia)面將對實施例(li)中(zhong)所需(xu)要(yao)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)附(fu)圖作簡單地介紹(shao),應(ying)當(dang)理解,以(yi)下(xia)附(fu)圖僅(jin)示出(chu)了本(ben)(ben)發明(ming)的(de)某些實施例(li),因此不應(ying)被看作是對范(fan)圍的(de)限定(ding),對于本(ben)(ben)領(ling)域普通技(ji)術人員來講,在不付出(chu)創(chuang)造性(xing)勞(lao)動的(de)前提下(xia),還可以(yi)根據(ju)這些附(fu)圖獲(huo)得其他(ta)相關的(de)附(fu)圖。
圖1是本發明實施例1提(ti)供的大(da)功(gong)率鋰電池保護器(qi)的總體(ti)結構圖;
圖(tu)2是本發(fa)明實施例1提供(gong)的大功率鋰(li)電池保(bao)護器(qi)的采集單(dan)元的結構圖(tu);
圖3是(shi)本發明實施(shi)例1提供的(de)大功(gong)率鋰電池(chi)保(bao)護器的(de)控(kong)制單(dan)元的(de)第一示意圖;
圖4是(shi)本發明(ming)實施例1提(ti)供的大功率鋰電池(chi)保(bao)護器的欠(qian)壓保(bao)護控制模塊的連接示意(yi)圖;
圖(tu)5是(shi)本發明實施例1提(ti)供的大(da)功率鋰電池(chi)保護器(qi)的控制單元的第(di)二示意圖(tu);
圖6是本(ben)發明實(shi)施例1提供的大(da)功率鋰電池保護(hu)器(qi)的控制單元的第三(san)示意圖;
圖7是(shi)本發明(ming)實施例1提供的大功率鋰電池保護器的控制(zhi)單元的第四示意圖;
圖8是本發(fa)明實施例1提供(gong)的(de)(de)大功(gong)率鋰電池保護器的(de)(de)控制單元的(de)(de)第五(wu)示意(yi)圖;
圖9是本(ben)發明實施(shi)例(li)1提(ti)供的(de)大功(gong)率鋰(li)電(dian)池保(bao)護器的(de)控制單元的(de)第六示意圖;
圖(tu)10是本發明實施例1提(ti)供的大功率鋰電池保護器的控(kong)制單元的第七示(shi)意(yi)圖(tu);
圖(tu)11是(shi)本發(fa)明實施例1提供的(de)大功率鋰電池保(bao)護器的(de)放電驅動(dong)半橋的(de)結構(gou)圖(tu);
圖(tu)12是本發明實施例1提供的大功(gong)率鋰電池保護器的執行單(dan)元的結構(gou)圖(tu);
圖13是本發(fa)明實施例(li)1提供(gong)的(de)大(da)功率鋰電(dian)(dian)池保護(hu)器(qi)的(de)充電(dian)(dian)執(zhi)行器(qi)的(de)結(jie)構圖;
圖14是本發明實施例1提(ti)供的大(da)功(gong)率鋰(li)電(dian)池保護器的放電(dian)執行(xing)器的結(jie)構圖。
主要元件符號說明:
1000-大功(gong)率鋰電池(chi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),0100-采集(ji)單元,0110-電壓(ya)監(jian)測器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),0120-電流監(jian)測器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),0200-控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單元,0210-欠壓(ya)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)塊,0211-欠壓(ya)比較器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),0212-欠壓(ya)信號發生器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),0213-欠壓(ya)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),0213a-欠壓(ya)NPN型(xing)(xing)(xing)三(san)(san)(san)(san)極(ji)管,0213b-欠壓(ya)電阻(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),0213c-欠壓(ya)電容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),0220-短路(lu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)塊,0221-短路(lu)NPN型(xing)(xing)(xing)三(san)(san)(san)(san)極(ji)管,0222-短路(lu)電阻(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),0223-短路(lu)電容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),0230-過(guo)(guo)(guo)流保(bao)護(hu)(hu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)塊,0231-過(guo)(guo)(guo)流比較器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),0232-過(guo)(guo)(guo)流信號發生器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),0233-過(guo)(guo)(guo)流控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),0233a-過(guo)(guo)(guo)流NPN型(xing)(xing)(xing)三(san)(san)(san)(san)極(ji)管,0233b-過(guo)(guo)(guo)流第(di)二NPN型(xing)(xing)(xing)三(san)(san)(san)(san)極(ji)管,0240-過(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)塊, 0241-過(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)比較器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),0242-過(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)信號發生器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),0243-過(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),0243a-過(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)NPN型(xing)(xing)(xing)三(san)(san)(san)(san)極(ji)管,0300-驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動單元,0310-充(chong)(chong)電驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動半(ban)橋,0311-充(chong)(chong)電側(ce)(ce)(ce)NPN型(xing)(xing)(xing)三(san)(san)(san)(san)極(ji)管,0312-充(chong)(chong)電側(ce)(ce)(ce)PNP型(xing)(xing)(xing)三(san)(san)(san)(san)極(ji)管,0320-放電驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動半(ban)橋,0321-放電側(ce)(ce)(ce)NPN型(xing)(xing)(xing)三(san)(san)(san)(san)極(ji)管,0322-放電側(ce)(ce)(ce)PNP型(xing)(xing)(xing)三(san)(san)(san)(san)極(ji)管,0400-執(zhi)行(xing)單元,0410-充(chong)(chong)電執(zhi)行(xing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),0411-充(chong)(chong)電側(ce)(ce)(ce)MOS管,0420-放電執(zhi)行(xing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),0421-放電側(ce)(ce)(ce)MOS管。
具體實施方式
為(wei)了便于(yu)理解本(ben)發明(ming),下(xia)面(mian)將(jiang)參照(zhao)相(xiang)(xiang)關附(fu)圖(tu)對大功率鋰電池(chi)保(bao)(bao)護器進(jin)行更全面(mian)的描(miao)述(shu)(shu)。附(fu)圖(tu)中(zhong)給出(chu)了大功率鋰電池(chi)保(bao)(bao)護器的優選實(shi)施例。但是(shi),大功率鋰電池(chi)保(bao)(bao)護器可以通過許多不(bu)同的形(xing)式(shi)來實(shi)現,并不(bu)限于(yu)本(ben)文(wen)所描(miao)述(shu)(shu)的實(shi)施例。相(xiang)(xiang)反地,提供這些實(shi)施例的目的是(shi)使對大功率鋰電池(chi)保(bao)(bao)護器的公開內容更加透徹全面(mian)。
需要說明(ming)的是(shi),當元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)被(bei)稱為(wei)“固定于”另(ling)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),它可(ke)(ke)以(yi)直(zhi)接在(zai)(zai)另(ling)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)上或(huo)者也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)居中的元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。當一(yi)個(ge)(ge)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)被(bei)認為(wei)是(shi)“連(lian)接”另(ling)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),它可(ke)(ke)以(yi)是(shi)直(zhi)接連(lian)接到(dao)另(ling)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)或(huo)者可(ke)(ke)能同時存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)居中元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。相反(fan),當元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)被(bei)稱作“直(zhi)接在(zai)(zai)”另(ling)一(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)“上”時,不存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)中間元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。本(ben)文所使用的術語(yu)“垂直(zhi)的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以(yi)及類似的表述只是(shi)為(wei)了說明(ming)的目的。
除非另有(you)(you)定義,本(ben)文(wen)所(suo)使用(yong)的(de)所(suo)有(you)(you)的(de)技術和(he)科學(xue)術語與(yu)屬于本(ben)發明(ming)的(de)技術領域的(de)技術人員通常理解的(de)含義相同。本(ben)文(wen)中(zhong)在大功率鋰(li)電池(chi)保護器的(de)說明(ming)書中(zhong)所(suo)使用(yong)的(de)術語只(zhi)是為(wei)了(le)描述(shu)具體的(de)實施例(li)的(de)目的(de),不是旨在限制本(ben)發明(ming)。本(ben)文(wen)所(suo)使用(yong)的(de)術語“及/或(huo)(huo)”包括一個或(huo)(huo)多個相關的(de)所(suo)列項目的(de)任意的(de)和(he)所(suo)有(you)(you)的(de)組合。
實施例1
請參(can)閱圖1,大功率鋰(li)電(dian)池保護器(qi)1000包括采集單(dan)元0100、控制單(dan)元0200、驅動(dong)單(dan)元0300、執行單(dan)元0400:
采(cai)集(ji)單(dan)(dan)元0100用于采(cai)集(ji)鋰(li)(li)電池(chi)包(bao)的充放電電流、鋰(li)(li)電池(chi)包(bao)中(zhong)單(dan)(dan)體鋰(li)(li)電池(chi)的電壓及鋰(li)(li)電池(chi)包(bao)與充電器及負載的通斷狀態(tai),并(bing)將采(cai)集(ji)到(dao)的數據(ju)輸(shu)出至控制單(dan)(dan)元0200;
控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)元0200包括欠壓保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)控(kong)制(zhi)模塊(kuai)0210、短路(lu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)控(kong)制(zhi)模塊(kuai)0220、過(guo)流保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)控(kong)制(zhi)模塊(kuai)0230、過(guo)充保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)控(kong)制(zhi)模塊(kuai)0240,用于根據采集到的(de)數據與預定閾值對比,根據對比結果向驅動單(dan)元0300發出指令信號;
驅動(dong)單元0300用于根據指令信號,驅動(dong)執(zhi)行單元0400執(zhi)行動(dong)作;
執行單元0400用于執行對鋰電(dian)池包(bao)及單體鋰電(dian)池的通(tong)斷(duan)切換。
請參閱圖2,優選(xuan)地,采(cai)集(ji)單元0100包括:
電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)監測器(qi)0110,用于(yu)采(cai)集單體(ti)鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya);
電流(liu)監測(ce)器0120,用于采集鋰(li)電池包的充放(fang)電電流(liu)。
進(jin)一步(bu)優(you)選(xuan),采集單元(yuan)0100還包括:
充電器監(jian)測器0130,用于監(jian)測鋰電池包與充電器的通斷狀態;
負載監測(ce)器0140,用于檢測(ce)鋰電(dian)池(chi)包與負載的連接狀態。
具體(ti)而言,鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)包根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量的需要,常常需要通過(guo)多個(ge)單(dan)體(ti)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)串聯或并聯組成(cheng)。為(wei)此(ci),電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓監測器0110分別連接于各個(ge)單(dan)體(ti)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的正負極,對各個(ge)單(dan)體(ti)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓進行采(cai)集(ji)。
請結合(he)參閱圖(tu)(tu)3、圖(tu)(tu)4與(yu)圖(tu)(tu)5,優選地,欠(qian)壓(ya)(ya)保(bao)護控(kong)制(zhi)模塊0210包括(kuo)欠(qian)壓(ya)(ya)比較(jiao)器0211、欠(qian)壓(ya)(ya)信(xin)號發(fa)生(sheng)器0212與(yu)欠(qian)壓(ya)(ya)控(kong)制(zhi)器0213:
欠壓比較器(qi)0211用于將0110的(de)檢測值與欠壓閾值比較;
欠(qian)壓信號(hao)(hao)發生器0212根據欠(qian)壓比(bi)較(jiao)器0211的比(bi)較(jiao)結果而產生控制電平信號(hao)(hao);
欠(qian)(qian)(qian)壓(ya)控制器(qi)0213包括一欠(qian)(qian)(qian)壓(ya)NPN型(xing)三極(ji)管(guan)(guan)0213a,欠(qian)(qian)(qian)壓(ya)NPN型(xing)三極(ji)管(guan)(guan)0213a的(de)基(ji)極(ji)通過(guo)一欠(qian)(qian)(qian)壓(ya)電(dian)阻器(qi)0213b與(yu)欠(qian)(qian)(qian)壓(ya)信(xin)號發生器(qi)0212的(de)輸出端(duan)連接,欠(qian)(qian)(qian)壓(ya)NPN型(xing)三極(ji)管(guan)(guan)0213a的(de)基(ji)極(ji)與(yu)發射極(ji)之間(jian)連接有一欠(qian)(qian)(qian)壓(ya)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)0213c,欠(qian)(qian)(qian)壓(ya)NPN型(xing)三極(ji)管(guan)(guan)0213a的(de)集電(dian)極(ji)與(yu)驅動單元0300連接。
請參(can)閱圖6,優選地(di),短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)保護控制(zhi)模(mo)塊0220包(bao)(bao)括一(yi)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)NPN型三(san)極(ji)管0221,短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)NPN型三(san)極(ji)管0221的發射(she)極(ji)與(yu)鋰電(dian)池包(bao)(bao)的負(fu)極(ji)連接(jie),短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)NPN型三(san)極(ji)管0221的基極(ji)通過一(yi)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)容器0223與(yu)鋰電(dian)池包(bao)(bao)的負(fu)極(ji)連接(jie),短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)NPN型三(san)極(ji)管0221的集(ji)電(dian)極(ji)與(yu)驅動單元(yuan)0300連接(jie),短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)NPN型三(san)極(ji)管0221的基極(ji)通過一(yi)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)阻器0222與(yu)單體(ti)電(dian)池的負(fu)極(ji)連接(jie)。
請結(jie)合(he)參閱圖(tu)(tu)7與(yu)圖(tu)(tu)8,優選地,過流(liu)(liu)保護(hu)控制模塊0230包括過流(liu)(liu)比較器(qi)0231、過流(liu)(liu)信(xin)號發(fa)生器(qi)0232與(yu)過流(liu)(liu)控制器(qi)0233:
過流(liu)(liu)比較器(qi)0231用(yong)于將電流(liu)(liu)監測(ce)器(qi)0120的檢測(ce)值與過流(liu)(liu)閾值比較;
過(guo)流(liu)信號(hao)發生器0232根據過(guo)流(liu)比(bi)較器0231的比(bi)較結(jie)果而產(chan)生控制電平(ping)信號(hao);
過流控制(zhi)器0233包括至少一個用于(yu)控制(zhi)驅動單(dan)元(yuan)0300的過流NPN型三(san)極管0233a。
優選地,過(guo)流(liu)控(kong)制器(qi)0233還包(bao)括一個連接于過(guo)流(liu)信(xin)號發生器(qi)0232與(yu)過(guo)流(liu)NPN型(xing)三(san)極管(guan)0233a之間的過(guo)流(liu)第(di)二(er)NPN型(xing)三(san)極管(guan)0233b。
請結合參閱圖(tu)9與圖(tu)10,優選地(di),過充保護(hu)控(kong)制模(mo)塊(kuai)0240包括過充比較器0241、過充信號發生器0242:
過充(chong)比較(jiao)器(qi)0241用(yong)于(yu)將(jiang)電壓監測器(qi)0110的檢測值(zhi)與過充(chong)閾(yu)值(zhi)比較(jiao);
過(guo)充信號發生器0242根(gen)據過(guo)充比較器0241的(de)比較結果而產生控制(zhi)電(dian)平(ping)信號,并將控制(zhi)電(dian)平(ping)信號輸出至(zhi)過(guo)充控制(zhi)器0243;
過充控制器0243包(bao)括至少(shao)一個用(yong)于控制驅動單(dan)元(yuan)0300的過充NPN型三極管0243a。
請結(jie)合參閱圖10與圖11,驅動(dong)單元0300具有(you)至少一(yi)個(ge)充電驅動(dong)半(ban)橋0310和/或放電驅動(dong)半(ban)橋0320。具體(ti)而(er)言(yan),充電驅動(dong)半(ban)橋0310、放電驅動(dong)半(ban)橋0320的數量取決(jue)于大功率鋰電池的具體(ti)功率。
優選地(di),放電驅動半橋0320分別與欠壓NPN型三極(ji)管0213a的(de)集(ji)電極(ji)、短路NPN型三極(ji)管0221的(de)集(ji)電極(ji)、過流NPN型三極(ji)管0233a的(de)集(ji)電極(ji)連接(jie)。
當充電驅動(dong)半橋(qiao)0310為多(duo)個(ge)時(shi),多(duo)個(ge)充電驅動(dong)半橋(qiao)0310并(bing)聯連(lian)接,分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別用以(yi)驅動(dong)鋰電池(chi)包(bao)內不同部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)的若(ruo)干(gan)個(ge)單體(ti)電池(chi)。同理(li),當放電驅動(dong)半橋(qiao)0320為多(duo)個(ge)時(shi),多(duo)個(ge)放電驅動(dong)半橋(qiao)0320并(bing)聯連(lian)接,分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別用以(yi)驅動(dong)鋰電池(chi)包(bao)內不同部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)的若(ruo)干(gan)個(ge)單體(ti)電池(chi)。
由此,僅需(xu)通過簡(jian)單的(de)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)半橋(qiao)電(dian)路,即可實現對執行單元0400的(de)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong),無需(xu)采用專(zhuan)用驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)芯片,進一步降低了(le)大功率鋰電(dian)池保護器1000的(de)制造難度與(yu)成本。
優選地,充電(dian)(dian)驅(qu)動半橋0310包括充電(dian)(dian)側NPN型三(san)極(ji)管(guan)0311與(yu)充電(dian)(dian)側PNP型三(san)極(ji)管(guan)0312:
充電側NPN型(xing)三(san)極(ji)(ji)管0311的(de)發射(she)極(ji)(ji)與(yu)充電側PNP型(xing)三(san)極(ji)(ji)管0312的(de)發射(she)極(ji)(ji)連接;
充電側NPN型(xing)三極(ji)管0311的基極(ji)與(yu)充電側PNP型(xing)三極(ji)管0312的發射極(ji)連接。
進一步優選,過充(chong)(chong)NPN型三(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管0243a的集電極(ji)(ji)(ji)與充(chong)(chong)電側NPN型三(san) 極(ji)(ji)(ji)管0311的基極(ji)(ji)(ji)連接,過充(chong)(chong)NPN型三(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管0243a的發射極(ji)(ji)(ji)與充(chong)(chong)電側PNP型三(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管0312的集電極(ji)(ji)(ji)連接。
由(you)此(ci),通過簡單的電路結構(gou),過充(chong)保護控制模塊0240可實現對(dui)過充(chong)的保護判斷控制。優選(xuan)地,當(dang)充(chong)電驅(qu)動半(ban)橋(qiao)(qiao)0310為多個(2個以上(shang))時(shi),多個充(chong)電驅(qu)動半(ban)橋(qiao)(qiao)0310之間并聯連接。
優選地,放電(dian)(dian)驅動半(ban)橋0320包括放電(dian)(dian)側NPN型三極(ji)管(guan)0321與放電(dian)(dian)側PNP型三極(ji)管(guan)0322:
放電側(ce)NPN型三(san)極(ji)管0321的(de)發(fa)射極(ji)與放電側(ce)PNP型三(san)極(ji)管0322的(de)發(fa)射極(ji)連接;
放(fang)電側NPN型(xing)三極管0321的基(ji)極與放(fang)電側PNP型(xing)三極管0322的發射極連(lian)接。
進(jin)一步優選,欠壓(ya)NPN型三(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管0213a的(de)(de)集電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)放電(dian)(dian)側NPN型三(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管0321的(de)(de)基(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)連接,欠壓(ya)NPN型三(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管0213a的(de)(de)發射極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)放電(dian)(dian)側PNP型三(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管0322的(de)(de)集電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)連接。
同理(li),短路NPN型(xing)三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)0221的(de)集電(dian)極(ji)(ji)與與放電(dian)側(ce)NPN型(xing)三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)0321的(de)基極(ji)(ji)連(lian)接,短路NPN型(xing)三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)0221的(de)發射(she)極(ji)(ji)與放電(dian)側(ce)PNP型(xing)三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)0322的(de)集電(dian)極(ji)(ji)連(lian)接。
同(tong)理,過流NPN型(xing)三極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)0233a的(de)集(ji)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)與(yu)放(fang)電(dian)側(ce)NPN型(xing)三極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)0321的(de)基極(ji)(ji)(ji)連接,過流NPN型(xing)三極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)0233a的(de)發射極(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)放(fang)電(dian)側(ce)PNP型(xing)三極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)0322的(de)集(ji)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)連接。
由此,可通過結構(gou)簡單的電(dian)路(lu),實現對欠(qian)壓、短路(lu)、過流(liu)狀態的獨立(li)判斷控(kong)制,互不沖突或(huo)干擾。
優(you)選地,當放電驅動(dong)半橋(qiao)0320為多個(ge)(2個(ge)以上)時,多個(ge)放電驅動(dong)半橋(qiao)0320之間并聯連接。
請結合(he)參閱圖(tu)12、圖(tu)13與(yu)圖(tu)14,優選地,執(zhi)行單元0400包(bao)括至少一(yi)個(ge)充(chong)電執(zhi)行器0410與(yu)至少一(yi)個(ge)放電執(zhi)行器0420:
充電(dian)執行(xing)器(qi)0410用(yong)于接(jie)通/切斷鋰(li)電(dian)池包與(yu)單體鋰(li)電(dian)池的充電(dian)電(dian)路;
放(fang)電執(zhi)行器0420用于接通/切斷鋰電池(chi)包與單(dan)體鋰電池(chi)的(de)放(fang)電電路。
優選(xuan)地,充(chong)電(dian)執行(xing)器0410為多個,以匹(pi)配大(da)功(gong)率(lv)鋰(li)電(dian)池的電(dian)壓(ya)與電(dian)流狀(zhuang)態。多個充(chong)電(dian)執行(xing)器0410之間并聯連(lian)接,分(fen)別(bie)對(dui)應不同的單體電(dian)池,進一步(bu)提(ti)高大(da)功(gong)率(lv)鋰(li)電(dian)池保護器1000的靈活性。
優選(xuan)地(di),放(fang)電(dian)執行(xing)器(qi)0420為多(duo)個,以匹配大(da)功率鋰電(dian)池的(de)電(dian)壓與電(dian)流(liu)狀態。多(duo)個放(fang)電(dian)執行(xing)器(qi)0420之間并聯連接,分(fen)別對應不同的(de)單(dan)體電(dian)池,進一步提高大(da)功率鋰電(dian)池保(bao)護器(qi)1000的(de)靈活(huo)性(xing)。
優選地,充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)執行器0410包括多個并聯連(lian)(lian)接的MOS管(金屬(shu)-氧化物半導(dao)體場效應晶體管),亦即充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)側(ce)(ce)(ce)MOS管0411。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)側(ce)(ce)(ce)MOS管0411的柵極(ji)與驅(qu)動單元0300連(lian)(lian)接,充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)側(ce)(ce)(ce)MOS管0411的源極(ji)與充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的負(fu)極(ji)連(lian)(lian)接,充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)側(ce)(ce)(ce)MOS管0411的漏極(ji)與鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池包的負(fu)極(ji)連(lian)(lian)接。進一步(bu)優選,充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)側(ce)(ce)(ce)MOS管0411的源極(ji)與漏極(ji)之間連(lian)(lian)接有二極(ji)管,避免充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)側(ce)(ce)(ce)MOS管0411受到反向電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的沖擊,起到保護(hu)作用。
優(you)選地(di),充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)側(ce)(ce)MOS管(guan)0411為N溝道(dao)MOS管(guan)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)側(ce)(ce)MOS管(guan)0411的(de)柵極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)分別通過不同(tong)阻值的(de)電(dian)阻與充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)側(ce)(ce)NPN型三極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)0311的(de)發射極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)NPN型三極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)0243a的(de)集電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)連接(jie)(jie),充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)側(ce)(ce)MOS管(guan)0411的(de)源極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)NPN型三極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)0243a的(de)發射極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)連接(jie)(jie)。
進而(er),充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)側(ce)NPN型三極管0311的集電(dian)(dian)(dian)極與基極之(zhi)間設有(you)一調(diao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu),充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)側(ce)NPN型三極管0311的集電(dian)(dian)(dian)極接以(yi)(yi)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping),得以(yi)(yi)保持導(dao)通。由此,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)側(ce)MOS管0411的柵極與源極之(zhi)間具有(you)一電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓差,使充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)側(ce)MOS管0411保持導(dao)通,鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池包得以(yi)(yi)進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。
當(dang)過(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)時,電(dian)壓(ya)監測器0110采(cai)集的電(dian)壓(ya)高(gao)于充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)閾值(zhi),過(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)信號發生器0242向過(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)NPN型(xing)三(san)極(ji)(ji)管0243a的基極(ji)(ji)發出高(gao)電(dian)平信號,使過(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)NPN型(xing)三(san)極(ji)(ji)管0243a保(bao)持接通。進而,充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)側(ce)(ce)PNP型(xing)三(san)極(ji)(ji)管0312得以導(dao)通,充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)側(ce)(ce)MOS管0411的柵源電(dian)荷快速(su)釋(shi)放,充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)側(ce)(ce)MOS管0411斷開,使充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)路切斷而不會過(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)。
優(you)選(xuan)地,放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)執行器(qi)0420包括多個(ge)并聯連(lian)接的(de)MOS管(guan)(guan),亦即(ji)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)側(ce)(ce)(ce)MOS管(guan)(guan)0421。放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)側(ce)(ce)(ce)MOS管(guan)(guan)0421的(de)柵(zha)極(ji)與驅動單(dan)元0300連(lian)接,放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)側(ce)(ce)(ce)MOS管(guan)(guan)0421的(de)源(yuan)極(ji)與單(dan)體鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)負(fu)極(ji)連(lian)接,放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)側(ce)(ce)(ce)MOS管(guan)(guan)0421的(de)漏(lou)極(ji)與鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)包的(de)負(fu)極(ji)連(lian)接。進一步(bu)優(you)選(xuan),放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)側(ce)(ce)(ce)MOS管(guan)(guan)0421的(de)源(yuan)極(ji)與漏(lou)極(ji)之間連(lian)接有二極(ji)管(guan)(guan),避免放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)側(ce)(ce)(ce)MOS管(guan)(guan)0421受到(dao)反(fan)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)沖擊,起到(dao)保護作用。
優選地,放(fang)(fang)電側(ce)MOS管(guan)(guan)0421為N溝道(dao)MOS管(guan)(guan)。放(fang)(fang)電側(ce)MOS管(guan)(guan)0421的柵極(ji)(ji)分別與(yu)(yu)放(fang)(fang)電側(ce)NPN型(xing)(xing)三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)0321的發(fa)(fa)射(she)極(ji)(ji)、放(fang)(fang)電側(ce)PNP型(xing)(xing)三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)0322的發(fa)(fa)射(she)極(ji)(ji)連(lian)接,放(fang)(fang)電側(ce)MOS管(guan)(guan)0421的源極(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)欠(qian)壓NPN型(xing)(xing)三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)0213a的發(fa)(fa)射(she)極(ji)(ji)、短路(lu)NPN型(xing)(xing)三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)0221的發(fa)(fa)射(she)極(ji)(ji)、過流NPN型(xing)(xing)三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)0233a的發(fa)(fa)射(she)極(ji)(ji)連(lian)接。
進(jin)而(er),放電(dian)(dian)側NPN型三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)0321的集(ji)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)與基極(ji)(ji)之間設有一調(diao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)阻,放電(dian)(dian)時,放電(dian)(dian)側NPN型三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)0321的集(ji)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)接以(yi)高電(dian)(dian)平,得(de)以(yi)保持導通(tong)(tong)。由此,放電(dian)(dian)側MOS管(guan)0421的柵極(ji)(ji)與源極(ji)(ji)之間具有一電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)差,使放電(dian)(dian)側MOS管(guan)0421保持導通(tong)(tong),鋰電(dian)(dian)池包得(de)以(yi)進(jin)行放電(dian)(dian)。
當(dang)欠壓(即過(guo)放)時(shi),電(dian)(dian)壓監(jian)測器0110采(cai)集的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓高于放電(dian)(dian)閾(yu)值,欠壓信號(hao)發生器0212向(xiang)欠壓NPN型三極(ji)管0213a的(de)(de)基極(ji)發出(chu)高電(dian)(dian)平信號(hao),使(shi)欠壓NPN型三極(ji)管0213a保持(chi)接通。進而,放電(dian)(dian)側(ce)PNP型三極(ji)管0322得以(yi)導通,放電(dian)(dian)側(ce)MOS管0421的(de)(de)柵源電(dian)(dian)荷快(kuai)速釋放,放電(dian)(dian)側(ce)MOS管0421斷開,使(shi)放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)路切斷而不會過(guo)放。
當短路時(shi),單體電(dian)池的(de)負極(ji)(ji)發出一電(dian)壓信號。該電(dian)壓信號經短路電(dian)阻(zu)器0222與短路電(dian)容器0223延時(shi)后而到(dao)達(da)短路NPN型三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)0221的(de)基極(ji)(ji),使短路NPN型三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)0221保持導通(tong)。進而,放電(dian)側PNP型三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)0322得以導通(tong),放電(dian)側MOS管(guan)(guan)(guan)0421的(de)柵源電(dian)荷快速釋放,放電(dian)側MOS管(guan)(guan)(guan)0421斷(duan)開(kai),使放電(dian)電(dian)路切斷(duan)而不會(hui)發生短路損(sun)害。
特別地,通過(guo)調節短路電阻(zu)器(qi)0222與(yu)(yu)短路電容器(qi)0223即(ji)可對延時時間進(jin)行調節,進(jin)一步提高同步性與(yu)(yu)靈敏(min)度。
當過(guo)(guo)(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)時(shi),電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)監測器(qi)0120采集的(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)高于(yu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)閾(yu)值,過(guo)(guo)(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)信號(hao)發(fa)生器(qi)0232向過(guo)(guo)(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)NPN型(xing)三極管(guan)(guan)0233a發(fa)出電(dian)平信號(hao),使(shi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)NPN型(xing)三極管(guan)(guan)0233a保持導(dao)通(tong)(tong)。進而,放(fang)電(dian)側PNP型(xing)三極管(guan)(guan)0322得以(yi)導(dao)通(tong)(tong),放(fang)電(dian)側MOS管(guan)(guan)0421的(de)柵源電(dian)荷快(kuai)速釋放(fang),放(fang)電(dian)側MOS管(guan)(guan)0421斷開,使(shi)放(fang)電(dian)電(dian)路切斷而不會造(zao)成過(guo)(guo)(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)損害。
在(zai)這里示(shi)出和描述(shu)的所有(you)示(shi)例(li)中,任何(he)具(ju)體值(zhi)應被解釋為僅(jin)僅(jin)是示(shi)例(li)性的,而不是作為限制,因(yin)此,示(shi)例(li)性實施例(li)的其(qi)他示(shi)例(li)可(ke)以具(ju)有(you)不同的值(zhi)。
應注意到:相似的(de)標(biao)號和(he)(he)字(zi)母(mu)在下面的(de)附圖中表示類(lei)似項,因此,一(yi)旦某一(yi)項在一(yi)個附圖中被定(ding)義,則在隨后的(de)附圖中不(bu)需要對(dui)其進(jin)行進(jin)一(yi)步定(ding)義和(he)(he)解釋。
以上所述實施例(li)僅表達(da)了本(ben)(ben)發(fa)明的(de)幾種實施方式,其描述較為(wei)具體和(he)詳細,但并不(bu)能因此(ci)而(er)理解為(wei)對(dui)本(ben)(ben)發(fa)明范(fan)圍的(de)限制。應當指出的(de)是,對(dui)于本(ben)(ben)領域的(de)普通(tong)技術人(ren)員來說,在(zai)不(bu)脫離本(ben)(ben)發(fa)明構(gou)思的(de)前提(ti)下,還可以做(zuo)出若干變形和(he)改進,這些都屬于本(ben)(ben)發(fa)明的(de)保(bao)護范(fan)圍。因此(ci),本(ben)(ben)發(fa)明的(de)保(bao)護范(fan)圍應以所附權利(li)要(yao)求為(wei)準。