本發明(ming)涉及一種執(zhi)行從dc至ac的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)或從ac至dc的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)裝置。
背景技術:
將蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池輸出(chu)的(de)(de)dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)成(cheng)ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)并將ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)提供(gong)至(zhi)負載的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)通常用(yong)作諸如ups(不間斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan))的(de)(de)備(bei)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(例如參見專利文獻1(圖1))。這(zhe)種轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)包括(kuo)用(yong)于逐步升(sheng)高蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)dc/dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器以及執(zhi)行(xing)dc至(zhi)ac轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)逆(ni)變器。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)能雙向操(cao)作,且通常將諸如商用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸出(chu)的(de)(de)ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)成(cheng)適于充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),并為(wei)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)這(zhe)種情況下,逆(ni)變器操(cao)作為(wei)ac/dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器,且dc/dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器執(zhi)行(xing)降壓(ya)操(cao)作。
轉(zhuan)換(huan)裝置(電(dian)(dian)力調節器)也用于將從諸(zhu)如光伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)的dc電(dian)(dian)源獲得的dc電(dian)(dian)力轉(zhuan)換(huan)成(cheng)ac電(dian)(dian)力并借助ac電(dian)(dian)力系統執行系統互連(例如參見專利文(wen)獻2)。
引用列表
[專利文獻]
專(zhuan)利(li)文獻1:日本(ben)公開(kai)專(zhuan)利(li)公布no.
專利(li)文獻2:日本公開專利(li)公布no.
專利文獻3:日本公開專利公布no.
技術實現要素:
[技術問題]
在上述常規(gui)轉換(huan)裝置中,ac/dc轉換(huan)器(qi)和(he)dc/dc轉換(huan)器(qi)都由(you)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)元(yuan)件組成,且(qie)不斷(duan)地執行高速(su)切換(huan)。這種開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)元(yuan)件伴隨著輕微(wei)(wei)的開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)損耗。雖(sui)然一個(ge)切換(huan)的損耗輕微(wei)(wei),但是多個(ge)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)元(yuan)件的高頻切換(huan)致使不能(neng)被整(zheng)體忽略(lve)的損耗。開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)損耗自然地會(hui)導致電力(li)損耗。
另一方面,對于從dc至ac的轉(zhuan)換(huan)裝置來說,建議(yi)dc/dc轉(zhuan)換(huan)器(qi)和逆變器(qi)交(jiao)替操作以執(zhi)行高頻(pin)切(qie)換(huan),由此(ci)降低開關損(sun)耗(參見專利文獻2)。
但是,例如在利(li)用光伏(fu)面板(ban)作(zuo)為(wei)dc電源(yuan)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下,各(ge)由(you)多(duo)個(ge)(ge)連(lian)(lian)接的(de)光伏(fu)面板(ban)組成的(de)多(duo)個(ge)(ge)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電池(chi)陣列(lie)可(ke)并(bing)聯連(lian)(lian)接至轉(zhuan)換(huan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(例如參見專利(li)文獻3)。在這種情(qing)況(kuang)下,因(yin)為(wei)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電池(chi)陣列(lie)具有不同的(de)最佳(jia)操作(zuo)點,因(yin)此(ci)針對各(ge)個(ge)(ge)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電池(chi)陣列(lie)準備dc/dc轉(zhuan)換(huan)器。因(yin)此(ci),能(neng)通過(guo)各(ge)個(ge)(ge)dc/dc轉(zhuan)換(huan)器控制相應太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電池(chi)陣列(lie)的(de)操作(zuo)點以便優化。
但是(shi),在其中提(ti)供多個dc/dc轉換器的配置下(xia),在執行(xing)控制以便(bian)dc/dc轉換器和(he)逆(ni)(ni)變器的開關操作(zuo)如(ru)專利文獻2中所提(ti)議(yi)的交替停止(zhi)的情況下(xia),當dc/dc轉換器的切換停止(zhi)時將(jiang)賦予逆(ni)(ni)變器的電力(li)僅(jin)由(you)陣(zhen)列(lie)中輸出具有最高電壓的電力(li)的陣(zhen)列(lie)提(ti)供。因此,電力(li)的提(ti)供不能從(cong)具有相(xiang)對低電壓的其它陣(zhen)列(lie)獲取。因此發電效率會劣化。
在其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)(duo)個(ge)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)連接至包括多(duo)(duo)個(ge)dc/dc轉(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)且執行(xing)從ac至dc的(de)轉(zhuan)換的(de)轉(zhuan)換裝置的(de)情況下也(ye)假設存(cun)在相同(tong)情況。例如(ru),在其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態不(bu)同(tong)的(de)情況下,希望通過相應(ying)的(de)dc/dc轉(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)對單獨的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),但是在其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)各個(ge)dc/dc轉(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)停止切換的(de)時段中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),會發(fa)生其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)不(bu)能被適(shi)當充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)情況。因此(ci)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率會劣化。
鑒于上述問(wen)題,本發明(ming)的目(mu)的是在包(bao)括分別對(dui)應(ying)于多個dc電(dian)(dian)源的dc/dc轉換(huan)器的轉換(huan)裝置中,通過降低開關(guan)損耗(hao)并有效(xiao)利用多個dc電(dian)(dian)源實現(xian)高轉換(huan)效(xiao)率。
[問題的解決方案]
本發(fa)明的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)裝置是將(jiang)來自多個(ge)dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)成ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)并(bing)(bing)將(jiang)ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)提(ti)供(gong)至(zhi)負(fu)載(zai)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)裝置,轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)裝置包括:連接至(zhi)負(fu)載(zai)并(bing)(bing)包括ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)和(he)第(di)一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)濾波(bo)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路;經由濾波(bo)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路連接至(zhi)負(fu)載(zai)的(de)(de)dc/ac逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi);作(zuo)為整體(ti)的(de)(de)多個(ge)dc/dc轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi),其(qi)(qi)提(ti)供(gong)在(zai)多個(ge)dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)每個(ge)dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和(he)dc/ac逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)之間;提(ti)供(gong)在(zai)dc/ac逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)和(he)多個(ge)dc/dc轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)之間的(de)(de)第(di)二電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi);以(yi)及被配置為基于ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,由于流過ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流及其(qi)(qi)阻抗而造成的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓變(bian)(bian)化,分別(bie)流過第(di)一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)和(he)第(di)二電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)無功電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流,以(yi)及每個(ge)dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓對多個(ge)dc/dc轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)中每一(yi)個(ge)設定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流目(mu)標值以(yi)由此與ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流同步的(de)(de)控制(zhi)單元(yuan)。
[發明的有益效果]
本發明的轉換(huan)裝置可實現(xian)高轉換(huan)效率且可有(you)效利用多個(ge)dc電源。
附圖說明
圖(tu)1是示出根據一(yi)個實施例(li)的(de)包(bao)括逆變器(qi)裝置(zhi)的(de)系統的(de)示例(li)的(de)框(kuang)圖(tu)。
圖(tu)2示出逆變(bian)器裝(zhuang)置的電路圖(tu)的示例(li)。
圖3是控制(zhi)單元的框(kuang)圖。
圖4是示(shi)出第一(yi)dc輸入電(dian)壓檢(jian)測值(zhi)vg.1,第一(yi)升壓電(dian)路電(dian)流檢(jian)測值(zhi)iin.1以(yi)及(ji)第一(yi)dc輸入電(dian)流檢(jian)測值(zhi)ig.1中的(de)時間變化的(de)仿(fang)真結果的(de)示(shi)例的(de)曲線圖。
圖(tu)5是(shi)示出其(qi)中平均(jun)(jun)處理單元平均(jun)(jun)第一dc輸(shu)入電壓檢測值(zhi)vg.1的方式(shi)的示意圖(tu)。
圖6是用于解釋通過控制(zhi)處理(li)單元進行控制(zhi)處理(li)的控制(zhi)框圖。
圖7是示出(chu)用于升壓電路和逆(ni)變器電路兩者的控制處理(li)的流程圖。
圖(tu)8是示出(chu)逆(ni)變器輸出(chu)電壓目標(biao)值vinv*的示例的示意(yi)圖(tu)。
圖(tu)9是(shi)示出怎樣(yang)計算升壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)目標值(zhi)vo*的(de)示意(yi)圖(tu),其中(a)示出逆(ni)變器輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)目標值(zhi)vinv*和第一dc輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢(jian)測值(zhi)vg.1之間的(de)比較,(b)示出升壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)目標值(zhi)vo*的(de)波(bo)形,且(qie)(c)示出利用第二(er)dc輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢(jian)測值(zhi)vg.2作為參考,對第二(er)升壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路輸出的(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)進行升壓(ya)的(de)情況。
圖(tu)(tu)10是示出dc輸(shu)入(ru)電壓(ya)檢(jian)測值(zhi)vg.1和vg.2以(yi)及升壓(ya)電路電壓(ya)目標(biao)(biao)值(zhi)vo*,以(yi)及各個目標(biao)(biao)值(zhi)中的時(shi)間(jian)(jian)變化(hua)的仿真結果的曲線(xian)圖(tu)(tu),其中上部的曲線(xian)圖(tu)(tu)示出逆變器輸(shu)出電壓(ya)目標(biao)(biao)值(zhi)vinv*和系(xi)統電壓(ya)檢(jian)測值(zhi)va之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的關(guan)系(xi),中間(jian)(jian)的曲線(xian)圖(tu)(tu)示出dc輸(shu)入(ru)電壓(ya)值(zhi)vg.1和vg.2以(yi)及升壓(ya)電路電壓(ya)目標(biao)(biao)值(zhi)vo*之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的關(guan)系(xi),且下部的曲線(xian)圖(tu)(tu)示出升壓(ya)電路電流(liu)目標(biao)(biao)值(zhi)iin.1*和iin.2*。
圖(tu)11是曲線圖(tu),其(qi)中(a)示(shi)出(chu)第一(yi)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)載(zai)波和第一(yi)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)電(dian)壓(ya)參(can)考(kao)值(zhi)vbc1#的(de)(de)波形之間(jian)的(de)(de)比較(jiao),且(b)示(shi)出(chu)通過第一(yi)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)控制單元(yuan)產生的(de)(de)驅動開(kai)關元(yuan)件的(de)(de)驅動波形。
圖(tu)12是曲線圖(tu),其中(zhong)(a)示(shi)出逆變(bian)器電(dian)路(lu)載波(bo)和(he)逆變(bian)器電(dian)壓參考值vinv#的(de)波(bo)形之間的(de)比較,且(qie)(qie)(b)示(shi)出通(tong)過(guo)逆變(bian)器電(dian)路(lu)控制(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)產生(sheng)的(de)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)開關(guan)元(yuan)件q1的(de)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)波(bo)形,且(qie)(qie)(c)示(shi)出通(tong)過(guo)逆變(bian)器電(dian)路(lu)控制(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)產生(sheng)的(de)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)開關(guan)元(yuan)件q3的(de)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)波(bo)形。
圖13是示(shi)出(chu)用于開關元件的參考波(bo)和驅動波(bo)形的示(shi)例的示(shi)意(yi)圖。
圖(tu)14是曲(qu)線圖(tu),其中(a)示出第二(er)升壓電(dian)路載波(bo)和(he)第二(er)升壓電(dian)路電(dian)壓參考值vbc2#的波(bo)形之間的比(bi)較,且(b)示出通過第二(er)升壓電(dian)路控制單元(yuan)(yuan)產生的用于驅動開關元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)的驅動波(bo)形。
圖15是曲(qu)線圖,其(qi)中(a)示(shi)出(chu)逆變器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)路輸出(chu)的(de)(de)ac電(dian)(dian)壓,商用電(dian)(dian)源系統,以及ac電(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)兩端之(zhi)間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓波形(xing),且(b)示(shi)出(chu)ac電(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)中流(liu)動的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)波形(xing)。
圖(tu)16是(shi)示(shi)出(chu)包括執行ac至(zhi)dc的電力轉(zhuan)換的轉(zhuan)換裝(zhuang)置的電力存(cun)儲系統(tong)的示(shi)例的框(kuang)圖(tu)。
圖(tu)17是(shi)圖(tu)16中的(de)轉換裝置的(de)電路(lu)圖(tu)的(de)示(shi)例(li)。
圖18是示(shi)(shi)意(yi)性示(shi)(shi)出圖16中的(de)轉換(huan)裝置的(de)操作的(de)電壓波形(xing)的(de)示(shi)(shi)意(yi)圖。
圖19是示出包(bao)括(kuo)執(zhi)行復合功率轉換(huan)的(de)轉換(huan)裝置的(de)電力存儲系統的(de)示例的(de)框圖。
圖20是(shi)示出包括執(zhi)行復合(he)功率(lv)轉(zhuan)換的(de)轉(zhuan)換裝(zhuang)置的(de)電力存儲(chu)系統的(de)另一示例的(de)框圖。
具體實施方式
[實施例的概述]
本發明的(de)實施例的(de)概述(shu)至少(shao)包括以(yi)下內(nei)容。
(1)這是(shi)一種將(jiang)(jiang)來自多(duo)個dc電(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)dc電(dian)(dian)力(li)轉(zhuan)換成(cheng)ac電(dian)(dian)力(li)并將(jiang)(jiang)ac電(dian)(dian)力(li)提(ti)供給(gei)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)換裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi),轉(zhuan)換裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)包括(kuo):連接至負(fu)(fu)載(zai)并包括(kuo)ac電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)器(qi)以(yi)及第一電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濾(lv)(lv)波(bo)(bo)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)路;通過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)波(bo)(bo)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)路連接至負(fu)(fu)載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)dc/ac逆變器(qi);作(zuo)為整體的(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)個dc/dc轉(zhuan)換器(qi),提(ti)供在(zai)相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)個dc電(dian)(dian)源和(he)dc/ac逆變器(qi)之間(jian);提(ti)供在(zai)dc/ac逆變器(qi)和(he)多(duo)個dc/dc轉(zhuan)換器(qi)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)第二電(dian)(dian)容器(qi);以(yi)及被配置(zhi)(zhi)為基于ac電(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya),由(you)于流過(guo)ac電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流及其阻(zu)抗(kang)(kang)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)變化,相應地流過(guo)第一電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)和(he)第二電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)無功電(dian)(dian)流以(yi)及各個dc電(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)對多(duo)個dc/dc轉(zhuan)換器(qi)中每一個設定電(dian)(dian)流目(mu)標值(zhi)以(yi)由(you)此與(yu)ac電(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流同步(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制單元。
在這種(zhong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)裝(zhuang)置中(zhong)(zhong),dc/ac逆變(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)及至(zhi)少一個dc/dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)各執行高(gao)(gao)頻切(qie)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)最小所需次數。此外(wai)(wai),dc/ac逆變(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)在除ac電壓幅值的(de)(de)(de)峰值及其附近之(zhi)外(wai)(wai)的(de)(de)(de)區域中(zhong)(zhong)操作(zuo),且(qie)dc/dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)在除ac電壓的(de)(de)(de)零交(jiao)叉點及其附近之(zhi)外(wai)(wai)的(de)(de)(de)區域中(zhong)(zhong)操作(zuo)。因此,在高(gao)(gao)頻切(qie)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)中(zhong)(zhong),施加至(zhi)各個轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)電抗器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)半導體元件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)電壓相對降低。這也有助于降低半導體元件(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)開關損耗(hao)以(yi)及電抗器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)鐵損耗(hao)。因此,可降低轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)裝(zhuang)置中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體損耗(hao)。在轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)裝(zhuang)置中(zhong)(zhong),負載可以(yi)是(shi)(shi)連(lian)接至(zhi)ac電源的(de)(de)(de)ac系(xi)統(tong),且(qie)可以(yi)高(gao)(gao)效率執行從(cong)dc電源至(zhi)ac系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)統(tong)互連(lian)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)。為了實(shi)現(xian)上述“最小所需次數”,理(li)想地,優選dc/ac逆變(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)dc/dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)交(jiao)替執行高(gao)(gao)頻切(qie)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)以(yi)便(bian)它們相應的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)頻切(qie)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)時段(duan)彼此不重疊。但是(shi)(shi),實(shi)際(ji)上,即使兩個時段(duan)彼此略微重疊,只要(yao)為dc/ac逆變(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)dc/dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)每一個提供停止時段(duan),則(ze)就(jiu)可降低損耗(hao),從(cong)而致使效率提高(gao)(gao)。
基于ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)力的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),由于流過(guo)ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流及(ji)(ji)其阻(zu)抗造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)變化,流過(guo)第一(yi)和第二電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)的(de)(de)無功電(dian)(dian)(dian)流以(yi)及(ji)(ji)各個dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)力的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),將(jiang)多個dc/dc轉換器(qi)的(de)(de)各個電(dian)(dian)(dian)流目(mu)標值(zhi)設定為與(yu)ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)力的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流同步,借此(ci)無論(lun)ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)力的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),頻(pin)率(lv)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流如何(he)變化,轉換裝(zhuang)置都(dou)可(ke)輸出與(yu)ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不(bu)斷(duan)地同步的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(或(huo)者被控制為在與(yu)ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)有(you)關的(de)(de)給定的(de)(de)相位角下)且不(bu)具有(you)失真(zhen)。
(2)在(1)的(de)(de)轉換(huan)(huan)裝置中,多個dc電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)可包括太(tai)陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)池(chi)陣列(lie)和(he)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)中至(zhi)少(shao)一種(zhong),且控制單(dan)元可基于電(dian)(dian)流目標(biao)(biao)值(zhi)將電(dian)(dian)流目標(biao)(biao)值(zhi)設定為分配給相應的(de)(de)dc/dc轉換(huan)(huan)器,由此使作為太(tai)陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)池(chi)陣列(lie)的(de)(de)dc電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)執行(xing)對(dui)應的(de)(de)輸出且使作為蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)dc電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)相應地被充電(dian)(dian)或放電(dian)(dian)。
在這種情(qing)況下,可根據各個太陽能電(dian)池陣列(lie)的發(fa)電(dian)條件以及各個蓄電(dian)池的充(chong)電(dian)狀態適當設定電(dian)流(liu)目標值(zhi)。
(3)在(1)或(2)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉換裝置中(zhong),在對應于(yu)多(duo)個(ge)dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中(zhong)每一(yi)個(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數字(zi)是(shi)i(=1,2,...),從各(ge)個(ge)dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)至負載的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)是(shi)ia.i*,第一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)是(shi)ca,ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值(zhi)為va,基于(yu)多(duo)個(ge)dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中(zhong)每一(yi)個(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓是(shi)vdc.i,且(qie)拉普拉斯算子(zi)是(shi)s的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下,控制單元可(ke)將濾(lv)波(bo)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)路和(he)dc/ac逆變器之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路連接點(dian)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)dc/ac逆變器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ac輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)iinv*設(she)定(ding)為通過(guo)(guo)將流過(guo)(guo)第一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無功電(dian)(dian)(dian)流與ia.i*的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)相加而獲得的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)值(zhi),
在其(qi)中ac電(dian)抗(kang)(kang)器的阻抗(kang)(kang)是za的情況下,控(kong)制單元可設(she)定(ding)電(dian)路(lu)連接(jie)點處(chu)的dc/ac逆(ni)變器的ac輸出(chu)電(dian)壓目標值(zhi)vinv*,如下:
vinv*=va+zaiinv*,
控制單元可將電壓vdc.i和dc/ac逆變器(qi)的(de)ac輸出(chu)電壓目(mu)標值vinv*的(de)絕對值中較大的(de)一個設(she)定為用于dc/dc轉換(huan)器(qi)的(de)輸出(chu)電壓目(mu)標值vo*,且
在第二(er)電(dian)容器(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)容是c的(de)(de)情況下(xia),控制單(dan)元可設定用于(yu)dc/dc轉(zhuan)換器(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)目(mu)標值iin.i*,如下(xia):
iin.i*=[ia.i*×vinv*+ki{(scava)vinv*+(scvo*)×vo*}]/vdc.i
其中(zhong)ki是滿足σki=1的(de)給定的(de)常數組。
上述(3)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)是示出用于(yu)實現(xian)(1)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)更具體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)示例。在用于(yu)各(ge)個(ge)dc/dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)目標(biao)值iin.i*中(zhong),都(dou)反映出ac電(dian)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya),由于(yu)流(liu)過(guo)ac電(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)及(ji)其阻抗(kang)而(er)造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)變化,流(liu)過(guo)第一和第二電(dian)容器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無功電(dian)流(liu)以及(ji)各(ge)個(ge)dc電(dian)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya),且(qie)無論各(ge)個(ge)dc電(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化或ac輸(shu)出電(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化如何,都(dou)可(ke)不(bu)斷地輸(shu)出與ac輸(shu)出電(dian)流(liu)同步(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)力。因此,各(ge)個(ge)dc/dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)以及(ji)dc/ac逆變器(qi)可(ke)執行從ac至(zhi)dc的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan),同時執行最小(xiao)所需次(ci)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)頻切換(huan)(huan)。因此,可(ke)大(da)幅降低半導體(ti)開關元件中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)切換(huan)(huan)損耗以及(ji)ac電(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)和dc電(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵損耗,且(qie)可(ke)實現(xian)高(gao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)效率。而(er)且(qie)輸(shu)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ac電(dian)力具有高(gao)質量,可(ke)獲得具有對于(yu)與商(shang)業(ye)系統互連的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)足(zu)夠小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)失真的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)。
(4)在(1)至(3)的(de)(de)(de)任一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)裝(zhuang)置中(zhong),多(duo)個dc/dc轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)可(ke)各(ge)包括dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi),且通過(guo)從(cong)各(ge)個dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)vg.i減去由于流過(guo)各(ge)個dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流及其阻抗(kang)而(er)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)變化而(er)獲得的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可(ke)用(yong)作各(ge)個dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)力的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)vdc.i。
在這種情況下,因為也考慮由于dc電(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)的電(dian)(dian)流(liu)和阻抗而造(zao)成的電(dian)(dian)壓降,因此無論流(liu)過各個dc/dc轉換器(qi)的電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的變化(hua)如何,都(dou)能不斷地執行精確(que)控制。
(5)在(zai)(1)至(zhi)(4)的任(ren)一的轉換裝置中,負載可以是(shi)ac電源。
在這種(zhong)情況下,雖然ac電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)的電(dian)(dian)壓變成ac電(dian)(dian)源的電(dian)(dian)壓,但是因為提供設定用于(yu)各個dc/dc轉換器的電(dian)(dian)流目標值以由此(ci)與ac電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)的電(dian)(dian)流同步的控制(zhi)單元,因此(ci)可執行所謂的系統互連(lian)操(cao)作。
(6)在(5)的(de)轉換裝(zhuang)置中(zhong),電(dian)力(li)可從ac電(dian)源(yuan)提供(gong)至多個(ge)dc電(dian)源(yuan)中(zhong)的(de)至少一個(ge)。
在這種情況下(xia),對于(yu)從(cong)ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)至dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)目(mu)標值來(lai)說,雖然從(cong)dc一(yi)側(ce)來(lai)看(kan),ia.i*從(cong)ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓相位變成具有反轉相位的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu),但是(shi)(3)中所述(shu)的(de)(de)計算表達(da)式也(ye)是(shi)適用的(de)(de)。即,(1)至(6)的(de)(de)轉換(huan)裝(zhuang)置可(ke)用作不僅能將各個dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)轉換(huan)成ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li),而且(qie)也(ye)能將ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)轉換(huan)成dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)(de)雙向轉換(huan)裝(zhuang)置。也(ye)能使多個dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中的(de)(de)某(mou)些操作為用于(yu)產生dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)(de)源(yuan),且(qie)另(ling)外(wai)的(de)(de)dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)操作為吸收dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)(de)dc負載。
(7)在(1)至(zhi)(6)的(de)任(ren)一的(de)轉換(huan)裝置中(zhong),sic元(yuan)件(jian)可用(yong)作多個dc/dc轉換(huan)器(qi)和dc/ac逆(ni)變器(qi)中(zhong)包括的(de)至(zhi)少一個半(ban)導(dao)體開關元(yuan)件(jian)。
在(1)至(zhi)(6)中(zhong)所(suo)述的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),可通(tong)過減少高(gao)頻切換(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)次數降(jiang)低(di)(di)半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)元(yuan)件中(zhong)的(de)(de)開關損耗(hao)以(yi)及dc電抗器(qi)以(yi)及ac電抗器(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)鐵損耗(hao),但(dan)是(shi)不(bu)會降(jiang)低(di)(di)半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)元(yuan)件中(zhong)的(de)(de)傳導(dao)損耗(hao)。在這點上,利用(yong)sic元(yuan)件作為半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)元(yuan)件能降(jiang)低(di)(di)傳導(dao)損耗(hao)。因此,通(tong)過將這種特征與(1)至(zhi)(6)中(zhong)所(suo)述的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)組合,可通(tong)過其間的(de)(de)協同(tong)效果實現(xian)高(gao)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)效率。
[實施例的細節]
以下將參考附圖說明(ming)本(ben)發明(ming)的(de)實施例。
<<具(ju)有系(xi)統互連(lian)功能的dc-ac轉換裝置(zhi)>>
首先將詳細說明具有(you)系(xi)統互連功能的(de)dc-ac轉換裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(以下簡稱為逆變器裝(zhuang)置(zhi))
[1總體配置]
圖1是示(shi)出(chu)包括根據一個(ge)實施例(li)的(de)(de)逆變(bian)器裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)示(shi)例(li)的(de)(de)框圖。在(zai)圖1中,作為dc電源的(de)(de)第(di)一太陽(yang)能電池(chi)陣列2以及(ji)第(di)二太陽(yang)能電池(chi)陣列40連(lian)(lian)接(jie)至(zhi)逆變(bian)器裝置(zhi)1的(de)(de)輸(shu)入端,且ac商用電力系(xi)(xi)統3(ac系(xi)(xi)統)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)至(zhi)逆變(bian)器裝置(zhi)1的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)端。
這種系統(tong)執行(xing)互連操作以(yi)將第一太陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)陣列(lie)(lie)2(以(yi)下可簡(jian)(jian)稱為第一陣列(lie)(lie)2)以(yi)及第二太陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)陣列(lie)(lie)40(以(yi)下可簡(jian)(jian)稱為第二陣列(lie)(lie)40)產生的dc電(dian)力(li)轉換成(cheng)ac電(dian)力(li),且將ac電(dian)力(li)輸(shu)出(chu)至商用電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)3。
第(di)一陣列(lie)(lie)2和第(di)二(er)陣列(lie)(lie)40各由(you)串并聯連接的(de)(de)多個(ge)光伏面板(ban)(模塊)組成。在本實施例中,配置第(di)二(er)陣列(lie)(lie)40以(yi)便第(di)二(er)陣列(lie)(lie)40輸出(chu)的(de)(de)電(dian)力的(de)(de)電(dian)壓小于(yu)第(di)一陣列(lie)(lie)2輸出(chu)的(de)(de)電(dian)力的(de)(de)電(dian)壓。
逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)裝置(zhi)1包括(kuo)接收第(di)一陣列2輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)的(de)dc電(dian)力的(de)第(di)一升壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)(dc/dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)器(qi))10,接收第(di)二陣列40輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)的(de)dc電(dian)力的(de)第(di)二升壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)(dc/dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)器(qi))41,將(jiang)兩(liang)個升壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)10和(he)41產生的(de)電(dian)力轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)成(cheng)ac電(dian)力并將(jiang)ac電(dian)力輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)至商(shang)用電(dian)力系(xi)統3的(de)逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)電(dian)路(lu)(dc/ac逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi))11,以及(ji)控制這些電(dian)路(lu)10,11和(he)41的(de)操作的(de)控制單元12。
第(di)(di)一升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)電路10和第(di)(di)二(er)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)電路41并(bing)聯連(lian)接(jie)至逆變器(qi)電路11。
圖2示出逆變器裝(zhuang)置(zhi)1的電路圖的示例。
連接至第一陣列2的(de)第一升壓電路10包(bao)括dc電抗器(qi)15,二極(ji)管16以及由絕緣柵雙極(ji)晶體管(igbt)等組成(cheng)的(de)開(kai)關元件qb1,以形成(cheng)升壓斬波電路。
在第(di)一(yi)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路10的(de)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)側,提供第(di)一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)傳(chuan)(chuan)感器17,第(di)一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流傳(chuan)(chuan)感器18以及用于(yu)平(ping)滑的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器26。第(di)一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)傳(chuan)(chuan)感器17檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)第(di)一(yi)陣列2輸(shu)(shu)出且隨后輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)至(zhi)(zhi)第(di)一(yi)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路10的(de)dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)第(di)一(yi)dc輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)值(zhi)vg.1(dc輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)值(zhi)),且將第(di)一(yi)dc輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)值(zhi)vg.1輸(shu)(shu)出至(zhi)(zhi)控制單元12。第(di)一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流傳(chuan)(chuan)感器18檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器15中流動(dong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)第(di)一(yi)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)值(zhi)iin.1,且將第(di)一(yi)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)值(zhi)iin.1輸(shu)(shu)出至(zhi)(zhi)控制單元12。
連接至第(di)(di)二(er)陣列40的(de)第(di)(di)二(er)升壓(ya)電(dian)路41包括dc電(dian)抗器42,二(er)極管43以及由(you)igbt等(deng)組成(cheng)的(de)開關元件(jian)qb2,以形成(cheng)與第(di)(di)一升壓(ya)電(dian)路中相同的(de)升壓(ya)斬波電(dian)路。
在第(di)(di)(di)二升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)41的輸(shu)入(ru)側(ce),提供第(di)(di)(di)二電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)44,第(di)(di)(di)二電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)45以及用于(yu)平滑的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)46。第(di)(di)(di)二電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)44檢測(ce)第(di)(di)(di)二陣(zhen)列(lie)40輸(shu)出(chu)且(qie)隨后輸(shu)入(ru)至第(di)(di)(di)二升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)41的dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力的第(di)(di)(di)二dc輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)檢測(ce)值vg.2,且(qie)將第(di)(di)(di)二dc輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)檢測(ce)值vg.2輸(shu)出(chu)至控(kong)制單(dan)元12。第(di)(di)(di)二電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)45檢測(ce)dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)42中流(liu)(liu)動的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的第(di)(di)(di)二升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)檢測(ce)值iin.2,且(qie)將第(di)(di)(di)二升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)檢測(ce)值iin.2輸(shu)出(chu)至控(kong)制單(dan)元12。
控(kong)制單(dan)元12具有從(cong)dc輸入(ru)電壓(ya)檢測(ce)值vg.1和(he)vg.2以及升壓(ya)電路(lu)電流檢測(ce)值iin.1和(he)iin.2計算輸入(ru)功率pin.1和(he)pin.2且對第一陣列2和(he)第二陣列40執行最大功率點跟(gen)蹤(mppt)控(kong)制的功能。
用于平滑的電容器(qi)19連接在升(sheng)壓(ya)電路(lu)10和(he)41以及逆變器(qi)電路(lu)11之間。
逆變器電路11包括各(ge)由場效(xiao)應晶體(ti)管(fet)組成的開關元件q1至(zhi)q4。開關元件q1至(zhi)q4形成全橋電路。
開關(guan)元件q1至(zhi)(zhi)q4連接至(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)制單(dan)元12且由(you)控(kong)制單(dan)元12控(kong)制。控(kong)制單(dan)元12執行開關(guan)元件q1至(zhi)(zhi)q4的(de)操(cao)作的(de)pwm控(kong)制。由(you)此(ci),逆(ni)變器電(dian)路(lu)11將各個(ge)升壓電(dian)路(lu)10和41產(chan)生的(de)電(dian)力轉(zhuan)換成(cheng)ac電(dian)力。
逆變器(qi)(qi)裝(zhuang)置1包括逆變器(qi)(qi)電路(lu)(lu)11和商(shang)用電力系統3之間的(de)濾波器(qi)(qi)電路(lu)(lu)21。
濾波(bo)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)21由兩個ac電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)22和(he)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)23組成。濾波(bo)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)21具有移(yi)除逆變器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)11輸出的ac電(dian)(dian)力中包含的高頻分量的功能。已經通(tong)過濾波(bo)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)21移(yi)除了高頻分量的ac電(dian)(dian)力被提供至商用(yong)電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統3。
用(yong)于檢(jian)測(ce)作為(wei)逆變(bian)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)路11的輸出的電(dian)流值的逆變(bian)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)流檢(jian)測(ce)值iinv(ac電(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)22中流動(dong)的電(dian)流)的第三電(dian)流傳感器(qi)(qi)24連接至(zhi)濾波器(qi)(qi)電(dian)路21。用(yong)于檢(jian)測(ce)商用(yong)電(dian)力系統3一側的電(dian)壓值(系統電(dian)壓檢(jian)測(ce)值va)的第三電(dian)壓傳感器(qi)(qi)25連接在濾波器(qi)(qi)電(dian)路21和商用(yong)電(dian)力系統3之間。
第三(san)電流(liu)傳(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)24和第三(san)電壓傳(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)25分別將檢(jian)測(ce)的逆變器(qi)電流(liu)檢(jian)測(ce)值iinv以及檢(jian)測(ce)的系統電壓檢(jian)測(ce)值va輸(shu)出至控制單(dan)元12。
控(kong)制單元12根(gen)據(ju)系統電壓(ya)檢測(ce)值(zhi)(zhi)va,逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)電流檢測(ce)值(zhi)(zhi)iinv,dc輸入電壓(ya)檢測(ce)值(zhi)(zhi)vg.1和vg.2以及(ji)升壓(ya)電路電流檢測(ce)值(zhi)(zhi)iin.1和iin.2控(kong)制升壓(ya)電路10和41以及(ji)逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)電路11。
[2控制單元]
圖3是控(kong)(kong)(kong)制單(dan)元(yuan)12的(de)框圖。如圖3中所示(shi),控(kong)(kong)(kong)制單(dan)元(yuan)12功(gong)能性(xing)地(di)具有控(kong)(kong)(kong)制處(chu)理單(dan)元(yuan)30,第一升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)路(lu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制單(dan)元(yuan)32,逆變器(qi)電(dian)路(lu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制單(dan)元(yuan)33,平均處(chu)理單(dan)元(yuan)34以及第二升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)路(lu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制單(dan)元(yuan)35。
控制單元(yuan)12的(de)某些或(huo)全部功能(neng)可被(bei)配置為硬件電路,或(huo)可通過計(ji)(ji)算機執行的(de)軟件(計(ji)(ji)算機程序)實(shi)現。用于實(shi)現控制單元(yuan)12的(de)功能(neng)的(de)軟件(計(ji)(ji)算機程序)存(cun)儲在(zai)計(ji)(ji)算機的(de)存(cun)儲裝置(未示出)中。
第(di)一(yi)(yi)升(sheng)(sheng)壓電(dian)路控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單元(yuan)32基于控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)理(li)單元(yuan)30產生(sheng)的目標值(zhi)和(he)檢測值(zhi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)第(di)一(yi)(yi)升(sheng)(sheng)壓電(dian)路10的開(kai)關元(yuan)件qb1,由(you)此使第(di)一(yi)(yi)升(sheng)(sheng)壓電(dian)路10輸出具有對應于目標值(zhi)的電(dian)流(liu)的電(dian)力。
第(di)二(er)(er)升(sheng)壓(ya)電路控制單元35基于控制處理(li)單元30產生的目標值(zhi)和(he)檢測值(zhi)控制第(di)二(er)(er)升(sheng)壓(ya)電路41的開關元件qb2,由此使第(di)二(er)(er)升(sheng)壓(ya)電路41輸(shu)出具有對(dui)應于目標值(zhi)的電流的電力。
逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)器電路(lu)控制(zhi)單(dan)元33基于控制(zhi)處理單(dan)元30產生的(de)(de)(de)目標值和檢(jian)測值控制(zhi)逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)器電路(lu)11的(de)(de)(de)開關(guan)元件q1至(zhi)q4,由(you)此使逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)器電路(lu)11輸(shu)出具有對應(ying)于目標值的(de)(de)(de)電流的(de)(de)(de)電力。
控制處理單元30接(jie)收(shou)dc輸入電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢測值(zhi)vg.1和vg.2,升壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)檢測值(zhi)iin.1和iin.2,系統電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢測值(zhi)va以(yi)及逆變器電(dian)(dian)流(liu)檢測值(zhi)iinv。
控制處理單元30由dc輸入電(dian)壓(ya)檢測(ce)值vg.1和vg.2以(yi)及(ji)升壓(ya)電(dian)路電(dian)流檢測(ce)值iin.1和iin.2計算(suan)第(di)(di)一(yi)升壓(ya)電(dian)路10的(de)第(di)(di)一(yi)輸入功率(lv)pin.1及(ji)其平均值<pin.1>,以(yi)及(ji)第(di)(di)二升壓(ya)電(dian)路41的(de)第(di)(di)二輸入功率(lv)pin.2及(ji)其平均值<pin.2>。
控制(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)理單(dan)元(yuan)30具有基于第一(yi)輸入功率平均值<pin.1>設定第一(yi)升(sheng)壓電路(lu)10的(de)第一(yi)dc輸入電流目標值ig.1*(將在下文說明),且對第一(yi)陣列(lie)2執行(xing)mppt控制(zhi)(zhi)并對第一(yi)升(sheng)壓電路(lu)10和(he)逆變器電路(lu)11執行(xing)反饋控制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)功能。
控制處理單元30也具有基于第二輸入(ru)功(gong)率(lv)平均(jun)值<pin.2>設定第二升壓(ya)電路(lu)41的dc輸入(ru)電流目(mu)標值ig.2*(將(jiang)在下文說明),且對第二陣列40執(zhi)行(xing)mppt控制并對第一升壓(ya)電路(lu)10執(zhi)行(xing)反饋控制的功(gong)能。
將(jiang)dc輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢測值vg.1和(he)vg.2以及升壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)流檢測值iin.1和(he)iin.2賦(fu)予平均處理單(dan)元(yuan)34和(he)控制處理單(dan)元(yuan)30。
平均(jun)處理單元(yuan)34具有以預(yu)定時間(jian)間(jian)隔從兩(liang)(liang)個電(dian)(dian)壓傳感器(qi)17和(he)44以及(ji)兩(liang)(liang)個電(dian)(dian)流(liu)傳感器(qi)18和(he)45采樣(yang)dc輸入電(dian)(dian)壓檢(jian)(jian)測值vg.1和(he)vg.2以及(ji)升壓電(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)流(liu)檢(jian)(jian)測值iin.1和(he)iin.2,計算(suan)它(ta)們相應(ying)的(de)平均(jun)值并將(jiang)平均(jun)的(de)dc輸入電(dian)(dian)壓檢(jian)(jian)測值vg.1和(he)vg.2以及(ji)平均(jun)的(de)升壓電(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)流(liu)檢(jian)(jian)測值iin.1和(he)iin.2賦予(yu)控制(zhi)處理單元(yuan)30的(de)功能。
圖4是示出(chu)第一dc輸入電壓檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)值vg.1和(he)第一升(sheng)壓電路電流(liu)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)值iin.1中(zhong)的時間變化的仿真(zhen)結(jie)果(guo)的示例的曲線圖。
如下所述,第一(yi)升(sheng)壓電(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)流(liu)檢測值iin.1基于目標電(dian)(dian)壓表現為與系統(tong)電(dian)(dian)壓同(tong)步的(de)波形。
第一dc輸入電(dian)流(liu)檢測值(zhi)(zhi)ig.1是在相對于電(dian)容器26的輸入側檢測的電(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)(zhi)。
如圖4中(zhong)所示,發現第(di)(di)一dc輸入電壓檢(jian)測(ce)值(zhi)(zhi)vg.1,第(di)(di)一dc輸入電流檢(jian)測(ce)值(zhi)(zhi)ig.1,第(di)(di)一升壓電路電流檢(jian)測(ce)值(zhi)(zhi)iin.1在系(xi)統電壓的半周(zhou)期內(nei)改(gai)變。
第一(yi)(yi)dc輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)壓檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)值(zhi)vg.1和第一(yi)(yi)dc輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)流檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)值(zhi)ig.1如(ru)圖4中所示周(zhou)期改(gai)變的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因如(ru)下。即,逆變器裝置1的(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)升壓電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)流檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)值(zhi)iin.1根據第一(yi)(yi)升壓電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)10以(yi)及逆變器電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)11的(de)(de)(de)(de)操作在ac周(zhou)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)半周(zhou)期內(nei)在幾乎0a和峰(feng)值(zhi)之間大幅改(gai)變。因此,不能通過電(dian)(dian)容器26完全移除改(gai)變分量(liang)(liang),且第一(yi)(yi)dc輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)流檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)值(zhi)ig.1檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)作為在ac周(zhou)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)半周(zhou)期內(nei)改(gai)變的(de)(de)(de)(de)分量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)脈動電(dian)(dian)流。另一(yi)(yi)方面,光伏面板的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓取決于輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)流而改(gai)變。
因此,發生(sheng)在(zai)第一dc輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)壓檢測值(zhi)vg.1中(zhong)的(de)(de)周期(qi)性變化(hua)的(de)(de)周期(qi)是逆變器裝置1輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)的(de)(de)ac電(dian)力的(de)(de)周期(qi)的(de)(de)一半。即,周期(qi)性變化(hua)的(de)(de)周期(qi)是商(shang)用電(dian)力系統3的(de)(de)周期(qi)的(de)(de)一半。
平(ping)均處理單元34平(ping)均第(di)一dc輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)壓(ya)檢測值vg.1和(he)第(di)一升壓(ya)電(dian)路電(dian)流檢測值iin.1,以便抑制上述(shu)周期變化的影響。
圖(tu)5是示出其(qi)中平均(jun)處理單元34平均(jun)第(di)一dc輸入電壓檢測值vg.1的方式的示意圖(tu)。
平(ping)均處理單(dan)元34在從時間(jian)t1至(zhi)時間(jian)t2的(de)(de)時段l中(zhong),以預定時間(jian)間(jian)隔δt多次(在由圖5中(zhong)的(de)(de)實心點表示的(de)(de)時間(jian))采樣賦予(yu)的(de)(de)第(di)一dc輸(shu)入(ru)電壓檢測值(zhi)(zhi)vg.1,且計算已經(jing)獲得(de)的(de)(de)多個(ge)第(di)一dc輸(shu)入(ru)電壓檢測值(zhi)(zhi)vg.1的(de)(de)平(ping)均值(zhi)(zhi)。
這里(li),平均處(chu)理單元34將時(shi)段l設(she)定(ding)為商用(yong)電(dian)力系統3的(de)(de)(de)周期的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)度的(de)(de)(de)一半。此(ci)外,平均處(chu)理單元34將時(shi)間(jian)間(jian)隔δt設(she)定(ding)為足(zu)夠短于(yu)商用(yong)電(dian)力系統3的(de)(de)(de)周期的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)度的(de)(de)(de)一半。
因此,平均處理單元34可(ke)利用(yong)盡可(ke)能短的(de)(de)采樣時段精確地(di)獲得在商(shang)用(yong)電(dian)力系統(tong)3的(de)(de)半周(zhou)期期間周(zhou)期改變的(de)(de)第一(yi)dc輸入電(dian)壓檢(jian)測值vg.1的(de)(de)平均值。
采樣(yang)的時間間隔δt例如(ru)可設定為商用電力(li)系統3的周(zhou)期的1/100至1/1000,或(huo)20微秒(miao)至200微秒(miao)。
平均(jun)處(chu)理單元34可(ke)預先存儲時段(duan)l,或(huo)可(ke)從第三電壓傳感器25獲(huo)取(qu)系統電壓檢測值va且獲(huo)取(qu)有(you)關商用電力系統3的(de)周期的(de)信息(xi)。
這里,時段(duan)l設定為(wei)商用電力系統3的(de)周(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)的(de)長度的(de)一半(ban)。如(ru)果時段(duan)l設定為(wei)商用電力系統3的(de)周(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)的(de)一半(ban),則可(ke)至少(shao)精確地計算第(di)一dc輸(shu)入(ru)電壓檢測(ce)值(zhi)vg.1的(de)平均值(zhi)。這是因為(wei)第(di)一dc輸(shu)入(ru)電壓檢測(ce)值(zhi)vg.1根據上述第(di)一升(sheng)壓電路(lu)10以及逆變器電路(lu)11的(de)操(cao)作在商用電力系統3的(de)半(ban)周(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)中周(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)性改變。
因此(ci),如果需要將時段l設定(ding)得較長,則(ze)時段l可(ke)設定(ding)為商用(yong)電力(li)系統3的(de)半(ban)周期(qi)的(de)整數(shu)倍,例如商用(yong)電力(li)系統3的(de)半(ban)周期(qi)的(de)三或四倍。因此(ci),可(ke)在周期(qi)的(de)基礎上抓取電壓變化(hua)。
如(ru)上所述,與第(di)一(yi)dc輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢測(ce)值vg.1相(xiang)同,第(di)一(yi)升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)檢測(ce)值iin.1也(ye)在商用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統3的半周期中周期地改變(bian)。
因此,平均處理單元34也(ye)通過與(yu)圖5中所示(shi)的(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)一dc輸入電(dian)壓(ya)檢測(ce)值(zhi)vg.1相(xiang)同的(de)(de)(de)方法計算第(di)(di)一升壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)電(dian)流檢測(ce)值(zhi)iin.1的(de)(de)(de)平均值(zhi)。
而且,與第一(yi)dc輸(shu)入電壓檢(jian)測(ce)值vg.1的(de)原因相同,第二(er)陣列40一(yi)側的(de)第二(er)dc輸(shu)入電壓檢(jian)測(ce)值vg.2和第二(er)升壓電路電流檢(jian)測(ce)值iin.2也在商用(yong)電力(li)系統(tong)3的(de)半(ban)周期(qi)中周期(qi)地改變。
因此,平均處理單(dan)元34也通過與用于圖(tu)5中(zhong)所示的第一(yi)dc輸入電(dian)(dian)壓檢(jian)測值(zhi)vg.1的相(xiang)同的方法計算第二(er)dc輸入電(dian)(dian)壓檢(jian)測值(zhi)vg.2和第二(er)升(sheng)壓電(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)流檢(jian)測值(zhi)iin.2的平均值(zhi)。
控制(zhi)處(chu)理單元(yuan)30順序計算每時段(duan)l的(de)(de)dc輸入電(dian)壓檢(jian)測值vg.1和vg.2的(de)(de)平均值以(yi)及升壓電(dian)路電(dian)流檢(jian)測值iin.1和iin.2的(de)(de)平均值。
平均(jun)(jun)處理單元(yuan)34將dc輸入電(dian)(dian)壓檢測(ce)值vg.1和(he)vg.2的計算的平均(jun)(jun)值以及升壓電(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)流檢測(ce)值iin.1和(he)iin.2的計算的平均(jun)(jun)值賦予控(kong)制處理單元(yuan)30。
在本實施例中,如上所述,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)處(chu)理單(dan)(dan)元34計算(suan)dc輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓檢(jian)測(ce)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vg.1和(he)(he)(he)vg.2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)及(ji)升壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流檢(jian)測(ce)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)iin.1和(he)(he)(he)iin.2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),且利用(yong)這些值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),控(kong)制(zhi)處(chu)理單(dan)(dan)元30同時控(kong)制(zhi)升壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)10和(he)(he)(he)41以(yi)及(ji)逆變器電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)11,同時對兩(liang)個(ge)陣(zhen)列2和(he)(he)(he)40執(zhi)行(xing)mppt控(kong)制(zhi)。因此(ci),即使來自(zi)兩(liang)個(ge)陣(zhen)列2和(he)(he)(he)40的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)流變得(de)不(bu)穩(wen)定(ding),控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元12也可精確(que)地獲得(de)兩(liang)個(ge)陣(zhen)列2和(he)(he)(he)40的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出作為(wei)dc輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓檢(jian)測(ce)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vg.1和(he)(he)(he)vg.2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)及(ji)升壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流檢(jian)測(ce)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)iin.1和(he)(he)(he)iin.2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。因此(ci),變得(de)能夠(gou)適當執(zhi)行(xing)mppt控(kong)制(zhi)且有效抑(yi)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源效率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)降低。
如(ru)上所(suo)述,在兩(liang)個陣列2和(he)40輸(shu)出的(de)dc電(dian)(dian)力的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(dc輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)壓檢(jian)測值vg.1和(he)vg.2)或電(dian)(dian)流(升壓電(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)流檢(jian)測值iin.1和(he)iin.2)由于輸(shu)入至逆變(bian)(bian)器裝置1的(de)電(dian)(dian)流的(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)而變(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)情況下(xia),變(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)周期(qi)與(yu)逆變(bian)(bian)器電(dian)(dian)路11輸(shu)出的(de)ac電(dian)(dian)力的(de)半周期(qi)(商用電(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)3的(de)半周期(qi))一致。
在(zai)(zai)這點(dian)上,在(zai)(zai)本實施例中,在(zai)(zai)設定為商用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統3的(de)周期的(de)長度的(de)一(yi)半(ban)的(de)時段(duan)l期間,以(yi)足(zu)夠短于ac系統的(de)半(ban)周期的(de)時間間隔δt多次采樣各(ge)個(ge)dc輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)檢(jian)(jian)測值(zhi)vg.1和(he)vg.2以(yi)及(ji)(ji)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流檢(jian)(jian)測值(zhi)iin.1和(he)iin.2,且由采樣結果(guo)計算(suan)dc輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)檢(jian)(jian)測值(zhi)vg.1和(he)vg.2的(de)平均值(zhi)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流檢(jian)(jian)測值(zhi)iin.1和(he)iin.2的(de)平均值(zhi)。因此,即使dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流周期改變,也可精(jing)確地計算(suan)dc輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)檢(jian)(jian)測值(zhi)vg.1和(he)vg.2以(yi)及(ji)(ji)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流檢(jian)(jian)測值(zhi)iin.1和(he)iin.2。
由兩個陣列(lie)2和(he)(he)40賦予的(de)(de)發(fa)生在(zai)dc輸入(ru)電(dian)壓(ya)檢(jian)測值vg.1和(he)(he)vg.2以及升壓(ya)電(dian)路電(dian)流(liu)檢(jian)測值iin.1和(he)(he)iin.2中的(de)(de)這些變化(hua)如上所述歸因于(yu)(yu)逆變器電(dian)路11等的(de)(de)阻抗(kang)的(de)(de)變化(hua)。因此,可(ke)從以短于(yu)(yu)逆變器電(dian)路11輸出的(de)(de)ac電(dian)力的(de)(de)半(ban)周期的(de)(de)時間間隔δt多次執(zhi)行的(de)(de)采樣(yang)的(de)(de)結果(guo)獲得dc輸入(ru)電(dian)壓(ya)檢(jian)測值vg.1和(he)(he)vg.2以及升壓(ya)電(dian)路電(dian)流(liu)檢(jian)測值iin.1和(he)(he)iin.2。
控(kong)制處理單元(yuan)30基于上(shang)(shang)述輸入功率平(ping)均值<pin.1>和<pin.2>設定(ding)dc輸入電(dian)流(liu)目(mu)標(biao)值ig.1*和ig.2*,且基于設定(ding)的dc輸入電(dian)流(liu)目(mu)標(biao)值ig.1*和ig.2*以(yi)(yi)及上(shang)(shang)述值同(tong)時為升(sheng)壓電(dian)路(lu)10和41以(yi)(yi)及逆變器電(dian)路(lu)11計算(suan)目(mu)標(biao)值。
控(kong)制(zhi)處理單元30具(ju)有將計(ji)算的目標(biao)值賦予(yu)第(di)一升壓電路(lu)(lu)控(kong)制(zhi)單元32,第(di)二升壓電路(lu)(lu)控(kong)制(zhi)單元35以及逆(ni)變(bian)器電路(lu)(lu)控(kong)制(zhi)單元33且同時對升壓電路(lu)(lu)10和41以及逆(ni)變(bian)器電路(lu)(lu)11兩者執行(xing)反饋控(kong)制(zhi)的功能。
圖6是用于解釋由控制處理單(dan)元30進行控制處理的控制框圖。
控(kong)制處理單元30包括作為控(kong)制逆(ni)變器電路11的功能(neng)部(bu)的第(di)一計算部(bu)51,第(di)一加法器52,補償器53以及第(di)二(er)加法器54。
此外(wai),控制(zhi)處理單元30包括(kuo)作為(wei)控制(zhi)兩個升壓電路10和41的(de)功能部的(de)第(di)二計算部61,第(di)三加(jia)法器(qi)(qi)62,補償器(qi)(qi)63,第(di)四加(jia)法器(qi)(qi)64,第(di)五(wu)加(jia)法器(qi)(qi)72,補償器(qi)(qi)73以及第(di)六加(jia)法器(qi)(qi)74。
圖7是示(shi)(shi)出用于升壓電(dian)路10和(he)41以(yi)及逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器電(dian)路11兩(liang)者(zhe)的(de)控制處理的(de)流(liu)程圖。圖6中所(suo)示(shi)(shi)的(de)功(gong)能部通(tong)過(guo)執行圖7中的(de)流(liu)程圖中所(suo)示(shi)(shi)的(de)處理而控制升壓電(dian)路10和(he)41以(yi)及逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器電(dian)路11兩(liang)者(zhe)。
以下將參(can)考圖7說明針對升壓(ya)電路(lu)10和41以及逆變器電路(lu)11兩者(zhe)的控制處理(li)。
首先,控(kong)制處(chu)理單(dan)元30計算(suan)當(dang)前輸(shu)入功(gong)率(lv)(lv)平(ping)均值(zhi)<pin.i>(步驟s9),且將當(dang)前輸(shu)入功(gong)率(lv)(lv)平(ping)均值(zhi)<pin.i>與之前計算(suan)的(de)輸(shu)入功(gong)率(lv)(lv)平(ping)均值(zhi)<pin.i>進行比較,以設定(ding)dc輸(shu)入電流目(mu)標值(zhi)ig.i*(步驟s1)。
基于以下表達式(1)計(ji)算輸(shu)入功率(lv)平均值<pin.i>。
輸入功率平均(jun)值(zhi)<pin.i>=<iin.i×vg.i>...(1)
在表(biao)達式(shi)(1)中,“i”是對(dui)(dui)應于連接至逆變器電(dian)(dian)路(lu)11的(de)各個升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)數目,且在本實(shi)施例中為“1”或“2”。“i=1”的(de)情況(kuang)對(dui)(dui)應于第(di)一升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)10,且“i=2”的(de)情況(kuang)對(dui)(dui)應于第(di)二升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)41。因此,<pin.1>表(biao)示第(di)一升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)10的(de)輸入功(gong)率平均值,且<pin.2>表(biao)示第(di)二升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)41的(de)輸入功(gong)率平均值。
在本實(shi)施例中,控制處理(li)單元30計(ji)算(suan)輸入功率平均(jun)值<pin.1>和<pin.2>,且設定dc輸入電(dian)流目(mu)標值ig.1*和ig.2*。
在表達式(shi)(1)中,iin.i是升壓(ya)(ya)電路電流(liu)檢測(ce)值(zhi),且vg.i是dc輸入(ru)電壓(ya)(ya)檢測(ce)值(zhi),且升壓(ya)(ya)電路電流(liu)檢測(ce)值(zhi)iin.i和dc輸入(ru)電壓(ya)(ya)檢測(ce)值(zhi)vg.i是通(tong)過平均處理單元34平均的值(zhi)。
在(zai)除了表達(da)式(shi)(1)之外(wai)且與以下(xia)所(suo)示控制相關(guan)的各個(ge)表達(da)式(shi)中,未被(bei)平均(jun)的瞬(shun)時值(zhi)用于升壓電(dian)路電(dian)流檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)值(zhi)iin.i以及dc輸(shu)入電(dian)壓檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)值(zhi)vg.i。
即(ji),升壓(ya)電路電流檢測值(zhi)iin.i的(de)平均(jun)值(zhi)以及dc輸(shu)入電壓(ya)檢測值(zhi)vg.i的(de)平均(jun)值(zhi)用于計(ji)算(suan)輸(shu)入功率平均(jun)值(zhi)<pin.i>。
符(fu)號“<>”表示括號中的值的平均(jun)值或有(you)效值。這同(tong)樣適(shi)用于(yu)下文。
控制處理單元30將設(she)定(ding)的dc輸(shu)入電流目標(biao)值ig.i*賦予第一計算部51。
像dc輸入(ru)電(dian)流目標值ig.i*一樣,將(jiang)dc輸入(ru)電(dian)壓檢測值vg.i以(yi)及系(xi)統電(dian)壓檢測值va賦予第一計算部51。
第一計(ji)算(suan)部51基(ji)于采用(yong)被賦予了dc輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)流(liu)目標值(zhi)(zhi)ig.i*,dc輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)壓(ya)檢測(ce)值(zhi)(zhi)vg.i,轉換效率(lv)ηi以(yi)(yi)及系(xi)統電(dian)壓(ya)檢測(ce)值(zhi)(zhi)va的以(yi)(yi)下表達式(2)計(ji)算(suan)逆(ni)變器裝(zhuang)置1的輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)流(liu)目標值(zhi)(zhi)的有(you)效值(zhi)(zhi)<ia*.i>,以(yi)(yi)將(jiang)電(dian)流(liu)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)至利用(yong)各(ge)個dc電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)作(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的系(xi)統。
來自各個dc電(dian)源的輸出(chu)電(dian)流目標值的有效值<ia.i*>=<ig.i*×vg.i>×ηi/<va>...(2)
而且,第一計算部(bu)51基于以下表達式(3)計算輸出電流目標值la*(步(bu)驟s2)。
這里,第一(yi)計算(suan)部51將各個輸出電流目(mu)標值(zhi)(zhi)ia.i*計算(suan)為具(ju)有與(yu)系統電壓檢測值(zhi)(zhi)va相同相位的正弦(xian)波(bo)。
各個輸出(chu)電流目標值ia.i*=(√2)×<ia.i*>×sinωt...(3)
隨后,如通過以(yi)下表達式(4)所示的(de),第一計(ji)(ji)算部51計(ji)(ji)算作為用于控制逆變器(qi)電路11的(de)電流(liu)目標(biao)值的(de)逆變器(qi)電流(liu)目標(biao)值iinv*(步驟(zou)s3)。
各個逆變器電流(liu)目標值iinv*=σia.i*+scava...(4)
在表(biao)達式(shi)(4)中,ca是電(dian)容器23的電(dian)容,且(qie)s是拉(la)普拉(la)斯算子。
上述表(biao)(biao)達式(4)利(li)用相對于時間t的導數如下(xia)表(biao)(biao)達。
iinv*=σia.i*+ca×(dva/dt)...(4a)
在表(biao)達式(4)和(4a)中,右(you)手(shou)側的(de)(de)第(di)二(er)項是(shi)考慮到流過濾波(bo)器電(dian)路21的(de)(de)電(dian)容器23的(de)(de)電(dian)流而加入的(de)(de)值。
輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)目標值ia*計算作為具有與(yu)系(xi)統電(dian)(dian)壓檢測值va相(xiang)(xiang)同相(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)的(de)(de)正(zheng)弦波(bo),如通(tong)過上述(shu)表達(da)式(3)所(suo)示。即,控制(zhi)處理單元30控制(zhi)逆變器電(dian)(dian)路11以便(bian)逆變器裝(zhuang)置1輸出(chu)的(de)(de)ac電(dian)(dian)力的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)相(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)與(yu)系(xi)統電(dian)(dian)壓(系(xi)統電(dian)(dian)壓檢測值va)的(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)相(xiang)(xiang)同。
在計算逆變(bian)器電(dian)流目標值iinv*之后,第(di)一計算部(bu)51將(jiang)逆變(bian)器電(dian)流目標值iinv*賦(fu)予(yu)第(di)一加法器52。
逆變器電(dian)路11基(ji)于逆變器電(dian)流(liu)目標(biao)值iinv*經歷反饋控制(zhi)。
與逆變器電流目標(biao)值iinv*一樣,將當前(qian)逆變器電流檢(jian)測值iinv賦予第(di)一加(jia)法器52。
第一加法(fa)器(qi)52計算(suan)逆變器(qi)電(dian)(dian)流目標值iinv*和當前逆變器(qi)電(dian)(dian)流檢測值iinv之(zhi)間的差,且將計算(suan)結果(guo)賦予(yu)補償(chang)器(qi)53。
當賦予(yu)(yu)差時(shi),補(bu)償器(qi)53基于比(bi)(bi)例系數等(deng)執行計(ji)算(suan),且隨后(hou)第(di)二加法器(qi)54將計(ji)算(suan)結果與系統(tong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)va相加,由(you)此計(ji)算(suan)允許差收斂的(de)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)參考值(zhi)(zhi)vinv#,以便逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)流檢測值(zhi)(zhi)iinv變(bian)(bian)成逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)流目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)iinv*。通過比(bi)(bi)較逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)參考值(zhi)(zhi)vinv#和從第(di)一計(ji)算(suan)部51賦予(yu)(yu)的(de)用(yong)于dc/dc轉換器(qi)的(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)vo*而獲得的(de)控制(zhi)信號被賦予(yu)(yu)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)路控制(zhi)單元(yuan)33,由(you)此使(shi)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)路11根據逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)vinv*而輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。
將逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)11輸出的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)賦予ac電(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)22,且隨(sui)后反饋為新的(de)逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)檢測值iinv。隨(sui)后,通過(guo)第一加(jia)法器(qi)52再(zai)次計(ji)算逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)目(mu)標值iinv*和逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)檢測值iinv之間的(de)差,且基于上(shang)述差控制逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)11。
如(ru)上所述,逆變(bian)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)路(lu)11基于(yu)逆變(bian)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)流目標值(zhi)iinv*和逆變(bian)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)流檢測值(zhi)iinv經(jing)歷反饋(kui)控制(zhi)(步驟s4)。
另(ling)一方面,將通過第(di)一計算(suan)部51計算(suan)的逆變器電流目標值iinv*以及dc輸入電壓(ya)檢(jian)測值vg.i和(he)系統電壓(ya)檢(jian)測值va賦予第(di)二計算(suan)部61。
第二計(ji)算部61基于(yu)以下(xia)表達式(shi)(5)計(ji)算逆(ni)變器輸出電壓(ya)目標值vinv*(步驟(zou)s5)。
逆(ni)變器輸出電壓目標值vinv*=va+zaiinv*...(5)
在表(biao)達式(5)中,za是(shi)ac電(dian)抗器(qi)的(de)阻(zu)抗。
在表達式(5)中,右手側的(de)(de)第二項是考慮到ac電(dian)抗器(qi)22的(de)(de)兩(liang)端之(zhi)間產生的(de)(de)電(dian)壓而加入的(de)(de)值。
在本(ben)實施例中(zhong),基于作(zuo)為用于控制(zhi)逆變器電(dian)(dian)路11的電(dian)(dian)流(liu)目標(biao)值(zhi)的逆變器電(dian)(dian)流(liu)目標(biao)值(zhi)iinv*來設定逆變器輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)目標(biao)值(zhi)vinv*(電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)目標(biao)值(zhi)),以(yi)便逆變器裝置1輸(shu)出的ac電(dian)(dian)力的電(dian)(dian)流(liu)具有與系統電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢(jian)測值(zhi)va相(xiang)同(tong)的相(xiang)位(wei)。
在(zai)計(ji)(ji)算逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)vinv*之后,第二計(ji)(ji)算部61根(gen)據作為dc電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)太(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)池陣(zhen)列2,40將電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)vg或(huo)優選地作為電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)vdc.i的(de)以下dc電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)vgf與逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)vinv*的(de)絕對值(zhi)進(jin)行比(bi)較,且確(que)定(ding)較大(da)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)為升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)vo*,如(ru)通(tong)過(guo)以下表(biao)達式(shi)(6)所(suo)示(步驟s6)。dc電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)vgf是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)考慮由于dc電(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)15的(de)阻抗z而造(zao)成的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降而針對vg計(ji)(ji)算的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),且在(zai)升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)流(liu)目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)由iin.i*表(biao)示的(de)情況下,vgf表(biao)達為vgf=(vg-ziin.i*)。因此,vo*可(ke)如(ru)下表(biao)達。
vo*=max(vg-ziin.i*,vinv*的絕對值)...(6)
對于vg,如(ru)通(tong)過以(yi)下(xia)表(biao)達式(7)所示,采用升壓(ya)電(dian)路10和(he)41的電(dian)壓(ya)值中(zhong)較(jiao)大的一個。
vg=max(vg.i)...(7)
而且,第二(er)計算部61基(ji)于以下表達式(8)計算升壓電(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)流目(mu)標值iin*(步(bu)驟s7)。
升(sheng)壓電(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)流目標(biao)值(zhi)iin.i*=[ia.i*×vinv*+ki{(scava)vinv*+(scovo*)×vo*}]/(vg.i-ziin.i)...(8)
這里,ki是滿足以下(xia)條件(jian)的已知常數。
在表達式(shi)(8)中,co是電(dian)容(rong)器19(平滑(hua)電(dian)容(rong)器)的電(dian)容(rong),且s是拉(la)普(pu)拉(la)斯算子(zi)。
利用相對于時間t的導數,上述表達式(shi)(8)表示如下。
iin.i*=[ia.i*×vinv*+ki{(ca×dva/dt)vinv*+(co×dvo*/dt)×vo*}]/(vg.i-ziin.i)...(8a)
如果(guo)檢(jian)測(ce)到流(liu)過電(dian)容器(qi)19的電(dian)流(liu)且檢(jian)測(ce)電(dian)流(liu)由(you)ico表(biao)(biao)示,則(ze)獲得(de)以(yi)下表(biao)(biao)達式。
iin.i*=[ia.i*×vinv*+ki{(ca×dva/dt)vinv*+ico×vo*}]/(vg.i-ziin.i)...(8b)
在表達(da)式(8),(8a)和(8b)中,第三項(xiang)是考慮(lv)到通過(guo)電容器19的無功功率而(er)加入的值。即,除用于逆變器電路(lu)11的功率目標值之外考慮(lv)的無功功率使得能更(geng)精確(que)地(di)計算iin.i*的值。
而且如(ru)果預先(xian)測(ce)量逆(ni)變器裝置1的(de)功耗(hao)ploss.i,則上述表(biao)達式(8a)可如(ru)下表(biao)達。
iin.i*=[ia.i*×vinv*+ki{(ca×dva/dt)vinv*+(c×dvo*/dt)×vo*}+ploss.i]/(vg.i-ziin.i)...(8c)
類似地,上述表達(da)式(shi)(8b)可(ke)如下表達(da)。
iin.i*=[ia.i*×vinv*+ki{(ca×dva/dt)vinv*+ico×vo*}+ploss.i]/(vg.i-ziin.i)...(8d)
在(zai)這種情(qing)況下,除逆變器電路11的(de)功(gong)(gong)率目標值(zhi)之(zhi)外考慮(lv)無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率以及功(gong)(gong)耗ploss.i使(shi)得能更嚴謹地計算iin.i*的(de)值(zhi)。
第二計(ji)算(suan)(suan)部61如上所述計(ji)算(suan)(suan)升壓電(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)目標值iin.i*(升壓電(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)目標值iin.1*和(he)iin.2*)。第二計(ji)算(suan)(suan)部61將(jiang)升壓電(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)目標值iin.1*賦予第三加法器62。
第一(yi)升(sheng)(sheng)壓電(dian)路10基于升(sheng)(sheng)壓電(dian)路電(dian)流目標(biao)值iin.1*經歷(li)反饋控制(zhi)。
像升壓電(dian)路電(dian)流(liu)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)iin.1*那樣,將當(dang)前第一升壓電(dian)路電(dian)流(liu)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)iin.1賦予(yu)第三加法(fa)器62。
第(di)三加法器(qi)62計(ji)算(suan)升壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流目(mu)標值iin.1*和當前第(di)一(yi)升壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流目(mu)標值iin.1之間(jian)的差,且將計(ji)算(suan)結(jie)果賦予(yu)補(bu)償器(qi)63。
當賦予(yu)差(cha)時,補償器(qi)63基(ji)于比例系數等執行計(ji)算,且隨后(hou)第(di)(di)(di)四加法(fa)器(qi)64將計(ji)算結果從dc輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓檢(jian)(jian)測值(zhi)vg.1減去,由此計(ji)算允許差(cha)收斂(lian)的第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓參考值(zhi)vbc1#,以便第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)檢(jian)(jian)測值(zhi)iin.1變成升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)值(zhi)iin.1*。通過比較(jiao)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓參考值(zhi)vbc1#和從第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)計(ji)算部51賦予(yu)的用于dc/dc轉(zhuan)換器(qi)的輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓目(mu)標(biao)(biao)值(zhi)vo*而獲得的控制信號(hao)被賦予(yu)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)路控制單元32,由此使第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)路10根據升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓目(mu)標(biao)(biao)值(zhi)vo*而輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。
將第一(yi)升壓(ya)電路(lu)(lu)10輸出的功率賦(fu)予dc電抗器15,且隨后反饋為新(xin)的第一(yi)升壓(ya)電路(lu)(lu)電流(liu)檢(jian)測值(zhi)(zhi)iin.1。隨后,通過第三加法器62再次計(ji)算升壓(ya)電路(lu)(lu)電流(liu)目標(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)iin.1*和第一(yi)升壓(ya)電路(lu)(lu)電流(liu)檢(jian)測值(zhi)(zhi)iin.1之間的差(cha),且基(ji)于(yu)上述(shu)差(cha)控(kong)制第一(yi)升壓(ya)電路(lu)(lu)10。
如上所述,第一升壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)10基于升壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)電(dian)流目(mu)標值iin.1*和第一升壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)電(dian)流檢測值iin.1經歷反饋控(kong)制(zhi)(步驟(zou)s8)。
第二(er)計(ji)算部(bu)61將升(sheng)壓電路電流目(mu)標值iin.2*賦(fu)予第五加法(fa)器72。
第(di)二升壓(ya)電(dian)路41基于升壓(ya)電(dian)路電(dian)流目標值iin.2*經歷反(fan)饋(kui)控(kong)制。
像升(sheng)壓電(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)流目標值(zhi)iin.2*那樣(yang),將當前第二升(sheng)壓電(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)流檢測值(zhi)iin.2賦予(yu)第五(wu)加(jia)法器72。
第五加法器(qi)(qi)72計算升壓電(dian)路(lu)電(dian)流(liu)目(mu)標值iin.2*和當(dang)前第二升壓電(dian)路(lu)電(dian)流(liu)檢(jian)測值iin.2之間的差,且將計算結果賦予補償器(qi)(qi)73。
當賦予(yu)差時,補償器73基于比例系數等執行計算(suan),且(qie)隨后第(di)(di)(di)六(liu)加(jia)法(fa)器74將(jiang)計算(suan)結(jie)果(guo)從dc輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)檢測值vg.2減去(qu),由此計算(suan)允許差收斂的(de)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)參考(kao)值vbc2#,以便第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)檢測值iin.2變(bian)成升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)值iin.2*。通過(guo)比較第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)參考(kao)值vbc2#和從第(di)(di)(di)一計算(suan)部(bu)51賦予(yu)的(de)用(yong)于dc/dc轉換器的(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)值vo*而獲得的(de)控制信(xin)號(hao)被賦予(yu)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)控制單元(yuan)35,由此使(shi)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)41根據升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)值vo*而輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。
因此,如第(di)一升壓電路(lu)10中那(nei)樣(yang),第(di)二升壓電路(lu)41基于升壓電路(lu)電流目標(biao)值iin.2*和(he)第(di)二升壓電路(lu)電流檢(jian)測值iin.2經歷反饋控(kong)制(zhi)(步(bu)驟s8)。
在上(shang)述(shu)步(bu)驟s8之后,控制(zhi)處理單元30基于上(shang)述(shu)表(biao)達式(1)計算當前(qian)輸入功率平均值<pin.i>(步(bu)驟s9)。
基于(yu)與之前計(ji)算的輸(shu)入(ru)功率平均值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)<pin.i>進行的比較,控(kong)制處理(li)單(dan)元30設定dc輸(shu)入(ru)電流目標值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)ig.i*,以(yi)便輸(shu)入(ru)功率平均值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)<pin.i>變成最大(da)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(跟隨最大(da)功率點)。
因此,控制處理單元(yuan)30同(tong)時控制升壓電(dian)路10和41以(yi)及逆(ni)變器電(dian)路11,對第(di)一陣列2和第(di)二陣列兩者執行mppt控制。
圖(tu)8是(shi)示(shi)(shi)(shi)出(chu)逆變(bian)器(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電壓目標值vinv*的(de)示(shi)(shi)(shi)例的(de)示(shi)(shi)(shi)意(yi)圖(tu)。在圖(tu)8中,垂直軸表示(shi)(shi)(shi)電壓且水平軸表示(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)間(jian)。虛線(xian)表示(shi)(shi)(shi)商用(yong)電力系統3的(de)電壓波形,且實(shi)線(xian)表示(shi)(shi)(shi)逆變(bian)器(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電壓目標值vinv*的(de)波形。
逆(ni)變器裝(zhuang)置1利用作為(wei)電壓目標值的(de)圖8中所(suo)示(shi)的(de)逆(ni)變器輸(shu)出電壓目標值vinv*通過(guo)根據圖7中的(de)流程圖的(de)控制(zhi)而輸(shu)出功率(lv)。
因此,逆(ni)變器裝置1輸(shu)出具有根(gen)據(ju)圖9中所示(shi)的(de)逆(ni)變器輸(shu)出電壓目標值(zhi)vinv*的(de)波形的(de)電壓的(de)功率。
如圖9中所示,兩個波(bo)形幾乎(hu)具有相同的電(dian)壓值和相同的頻率,但(dan)是逆變器輸出電(dian)壓目標值vinv*的相位領先商用(yong)電(dian)力(li)系統3的電(dian)壓相位幾度。
本實施(shi)例的(de)控(kong)(kong)制處(chu)理單元30使逆變(bian)器輸出電壓(ya)目標值(zhi)vinv*的(de)相(xiang)位領先商用(yong)電力系統3的(de)電壓(ya)相(xiang)位約三度,同(tong)時如上所(suo)述對第一升壓(ya)電路(lu)10和(he)逆變(bian)器電路(lu)11執行反饋控(kong)(kong)制。
使逆變(bian)器(qi)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)目標值vinv*的(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)領(ling)先(xian)商(shang)用電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統3的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)相(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)幾(ji)度(du)的(de)(de)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)可(ke)以是(shi)幾(ji)度(du),且(qie)如(ru)下(xia)所述,角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)設定在(zai)來(lai)自商(shang)用電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統3的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波(bo)形的(de)(de)差的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波(bo)形的(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)領(ling)先(xian)商(shang)用電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統3的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波(bo)形的(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)90度(du)的(de)(de)范(fan)圍內。例如(ru),相(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)超前角(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)設定為大于0度(du)且(qie)小于10度(du)。
[3升壓電路的(de)電壓目標值]
在本實施例中,如上所述,連(lian)接至第(di)二升壓電路41的(de)第(di)二陣(zhen)列40被配置為輸(shu)出(chu)具有(you)比第(di)一陣(zhen)列2輸(shu)出(chu)的(de)電力的(de)電壓小的(de)電壓的(de)功率。
另一方面,如(ru)上述(shu)表達式(shi)(6)和(he)(7)以及圖7中的(de)步驟s6所示,如(ru)下設定作為用于升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)路10和(he)41兩者輸(shu)出的(de)功率的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)目(mu)標值的(de)升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)路電(dian)壓(ya)目(mu)標值vo*。
即,第(di)(di)(di)一陣列2的(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)一dc輸入電壓檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)值vg.1以及(ji)第(di)(di)(di)二陣列40的(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)二dc輸入電壓檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)值vg.2彼此比(bi)較,且選(xuan)擇(ze)作為更高電壓的(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)一dc輸入電壓檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)值vg.1(表達式(7))。
隨后,所選(xuan)擇(ze)的第一dc輸入電(dian)壓檢測值(zhi)vg.1以及逆變器(qi)輸出(chu)電(dian)壓目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)vinv*的絕對值(zhi)彼此(ci)比較(jiao),且采用更高(gao)的值(zhi),因此(ci)獲得(de)升壓電(dian)路電(dian)壓目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)vo*。
圖9是示(shi)(shi)出怎(zen)樣計算(suan)升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)路(lu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)目(mu)(mu)標值(zhi)(zhi)vo*的(de)(de)示(shi)(shi)意(yi)圖。在(zai)圖9中(zhong),(a)示(shi)(shi)出逆變器輸出電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)目(mu)(mu)標值(zhi)(zhi)vinv*和第一(yi)dc輸入電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)檢測(ce)值(zhi)(zhi)vg.1之間的(de)(de)比較。在(zai)圖9的(de)(de)(a)中(zhong),垂直軸表示(shi)(shi)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)且水平軸表示(shi)(shi)時間。
控制處理單元30比較第一(yi)(yi)dc輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)檢(jian)測(ce)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vg.1以(yi)及逆變(bian)器(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vinv*的(de)絕對值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),且采(cai)用更高(gao)的(de)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。因此,在(zai)(zai)其(qi)中(zhong)逆變(bian)器(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vinv*的(de)絕對值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等于(yu)或(huo)大于(yu)第一(yi)(yi)dc輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)檢(jian)測(ce)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vg.1的(de)時段期間(jian),升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vo*的(de)波形跟(gen)隨(sui)逆變(bian)器(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vinv*,且在(zai)(zai)其(qi)中(zhong)逆變(bian)器(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vinv*的(de)絕對值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等于(yu)或(huo)小(xiao)于(yu)第一(yi)(yi)dc輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)檢(jian)測(ce)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vg.1的(de)時段期間(jian),跟(gen)隨(sui)第一(yi)(yi)dc輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)檢(jian)測(ce)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vg.1。
在(zai)圖(tu)9中(zhong),(b)示(shi)出升壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vo*的(de)波(bo)形。如圖(tu)9的(de)(b)中(zhong)所(suo)示(shi),在(zai)其中(zhong)逆(ni)變器輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vinv*等于(yu)或(huo)大于(yu)第(di)一(yi)dc輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢(jian)測值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vg.1的(de)時(shi)段期間,升壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vo*的(de)波(bo)形跟隨(sui)逆(ni)變器輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vinv*的(de)絕對值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),且(qie)在(zai)其中(zhong)逆(ni)變器輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vinv*等于(yu)或(huo)小于(yu)第(di)一(yi)dc輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢(jian)測值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vg.1的(de)時(shi)段期間,跟隨(sui)第(di)一(yi)dc輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢(jian)測值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vg.1。
因(yin)(yin)此(ci),如圖9的(de)(b)中所示,因(yin)(yin)為升(sheng)壓電(dian)(dian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)壓目標值(zhi)vo*的(de)最小電(dian)(dian)壓值(zhi)是(shi)第一dc輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓檢(jian)測(ce)值(zhi)vg.1,因(yin)(yin)此(ci)升(sheng)壓電(dian)(dian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)壓目標值(zhi)vo*總是(shi)具有比第二dc輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓檢(jian)測(ce)值(zhi)vg.2大的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓,且(qie)防止變得低于(yu)第一dc輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓檢(jian)測(ce)值(zhi)vg.1。
即(ji),第二升壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)41總是(shi)執行升壓(ya)操作以輸出具有根據升壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)電(dian)壓(ya)目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)vo*的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)功率。
例如,如果(guo)從第(di)二升壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)路41輸(shu)出(chu)的功(gong)率(lv)(lv)利用第(di)二dc輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)檢測值(zhi)vg.2作為參考而被升壓(ya)(ya),則從第(di)二升壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)路41輸(shu)出(chu)的功(gong)率(lv)(lv)在(zai)圖9的(c)中的范(fan)圍k內具有比第(di)一dc輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)檢測值(zhi)vg.1低的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi),且(qie)當功(gong)率(lv)(lv)僅從第(di)一陣(zhen)(zhen)列(lie)2提供(gong)時,未獲得來自第(di)二陣(zhen)(zhen)列(lie)40的功(gong)率(lv)(lv)提供(gong)。因此,可整體降低陣(zhen)(zhen)列(lie)2和40的供(gong)電(dian)(dian)效率(lv)(lv)。
在這點上(shang),在本(ben)實(shi)施例中(zhong),如圖(tu)9的(c)中(zhong)所示,控(kong)制第(di)二(er)升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)41以便將(jiang)從第(di)二(er)升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)41輸(shu)出的電(dian)(dian)力的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)基本(ben)上(shang)與其中(zhong)逆變器輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)目標值(zhi)vinv*等(deng)于或小(xiao)于第(di)一dc輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢測值(zhi)vg.1的范圍k內的第(di)一dc輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢測值(zhi)vg.1一致。因此,可使從第(di)二(er)升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)41輸(shu)出的功率的最(zui)小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)基本(ben)上(shang)與第(di)一dc輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢測值(zhi)vg.1一致。
因此(ci),可防止從(cong)(cong)第(di)(di)二升壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)路41輸出(chu)的電(dian)力的電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)變得遠(yuan)低于從(cong)(cong)第(di)(di)一升壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)路10輸出(chu)的電(dian)力的電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)。因此(ci),可防止其中未獲得通過第(di)(di)二升壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)路41從(cong)(cong)第(di)(di)二陣列40提供功率的時段k的出(chu)現,借此(ci)可抑制(zhi)供電(dian)效率的降低。
在本實施(shi)例中,為了計算作為用于各個升壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)的(de)電(dian)流目標值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)升壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)電(dian)流目標值(zhi)(zhi)iin.i*,如通過上述表達式(8)所示,可適當獲得用于相(xiang)應(ying)升壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)10和41的(de)電(dian)流目標值(zhi)(zhi)。因此,從(cong)第(di)二升壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)41輸出的(de)功率的(de)最小電(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)基本上與第(di)一(yi)輸入電(dian)壓(ya)檢測值(zhi)(zhi)vg.1一(yi)致。
如果(guo)基于(yu)升壓電(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)流目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)iin.1*控制第一升壓電(dian)(dian)路10,則第一升壓電(dian)(dian)路10在(zai)(zai)其(qi)中(zhong)逆變(bian)器輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)vinv*低于(yu)第一dc輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓檢測值(zhi)vg.1的時段期(qi)間停止升壓操作,且在(zai)(zai)其(qi)中(zhong)逆變(bian)器輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)vinv*高于(yu)第一dc輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓檢測值(zhi)vg.1的時段期(qi)間執行升壓操作。
注意到其中(zhong)(zhong)從第(di)二升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路41輸(shu)(shu)出的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值(第(di)二dc輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢測值vg.2)基本(ben)上與第(di)一(yi)dc輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢測值vg.1一(yi)致的(de)狀態是(shi)指其中(zhong)(zhong)這些電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)彼此一(yi)致以致當(dang)從第(di)一(yi)升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路10和第(di)二升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路41提供(gong)功率時,可從兩個升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路獲(huo)得功率的(de)提供(gong)的(de)狀態。
圖(tu)10是示出dc輸入電壓檢測(ce)值(zhi)vg.1和(he)vg.2以及升壓電路電壓目標值(zhi)vo*,以及各(ge)個目標值(zhi)的(de)時間變化的(de)仿真結果的(de)曲線圖(tu)。
在圖(tu)10中,上部(bu)曲線圖(tu)示(shi)出(chu)逆變器輸(shu)出(chu)電壓(ya)目標值vinv*和系(xi)統電壓(ya)檢(jian)測(ce)值va之間(jian)的關系(xi),中部(bu)曲線圖(tu)示(shi)出(chu)dc輸(shu)入(ru)電壓(ya)值vg.1和vg.2和升壓(ya)電路電壓(ya)目標值vo*之間(jian)的關系(xi),且下(xia)部(bu)曲線圖(tu)示(shi)出(chu)升壓(ya)電路電流目標值iin.1*和iin.2*。
如圖10中所示(shi),可(ke)確(que)認升壓(ya)電(dian)路電(dian)壓(ya)目標(biao)(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vo*的(de)波形在其中逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)目標(biao)(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vinv*等(deng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)或(huo)大于(yu)(yu)(yu)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)dc輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入電(dian)壓(ya)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vg.1的(de)時段期間(jian)跟隨逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)目標(biao)(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vinv*的(de)絕對值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),且在其中逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)目標(biao)(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vinv*等(deng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)或(huo)小于(yu)(yu)(yu)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)dc輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入電(dian)壓(ya)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vg.1的(de)時段期間(jian)跟隨第一(yi)(yi)(yi)dc輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入電(dian)壓(ya)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vg.1。
[4對(dui)第一(yi)升壓電路和逆(ni)變(bian)器電路的控制(zhi)]
第(di)一升壓電路(lu)控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)32(圖(tu)3)控(kong)制(zhi)第(di)一升壓電路(lu)10的開(kai)(kai)關(guan)元(yuan)件qb1。逆(ni)變器(qi)電路(lu)控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)33控(kong)制(zhi)逆(ni)變器(qi)電路(lu)11的開(kai)(kai)關(guan)元(yuan)件q1至q4。
第一(yi)(yi)升壓電(dian)路(lu)控制單(dan)元32和逆變器電(dian)路(lu)控制單(dan)元33分別產(chan)生(sheng)第一(yi)(yi)升壓電(dian)路(lu)載(zai)波以(yi)及逆變器電(dian)路(lu)載(zai)波,且利用作(zuo)為控制處(chu)理單(dan)元30賦(fu)予的目標(biao)值的第一(yi)(yi)升壓電(dian)路(lu)電(dian)壓參考值vbc1#和逆變器電(dian)壓參考值vinv#分別調制這些載(zai)波,以(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)用于驅動各個開(kai)關(guan)元件(jian)的驅動波形。
第一(yi)升壓電(dian)(dian)路控制單(dan)元(yuan)32和(he)(he)逆(ni)變器電(dian)(dian)路控制單(dan)元(yuan)33基于驅動波(bo)形控制各個開關元(yuan)件,由(you)此使第一(yi)升壓電(dian)(dian)路10和(he)(he)逆(ni)變器電(dian)(dian)路11輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)具有接(jie)近于逆(ni)變器輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓目標值(zhi)vinv*的波(bo)形的電(dian)(dian)壓波(bo)形的ac電(dian)(dian)力。
在圖(tu)11中(zhong)(zhong),(a)是示出(chu)第一升壓(ya)電路載波(bo)和第一升壓(ya)電路電壓(ya)參考值vbc1#之間的比較。在圖(tu)11的(a)中(zhong)(zhong),垂直軸(zhou)表示電壓(ya)且水(shui)平(ping)軸(zhou)表示時間。在圖(tu)11的(a)中(zhong)(zhong),為了有助(zhu)于理(li)解,第一升壓(ya)電路載波(bo)的波(bo)長(chang)與(yu)實際波(bo)長(chang)相(xiang)比延長(chang)。
通過第(di)一升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)控制單(dan)元32產(chan)生的(de)升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)載波是具有“0”最小值的(de)三(san)角波,且具有設(she)定在控制處理單(dan)元30賦予的(de)升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)目標值vo*處的(de)幅值a1。
根據來(lai)自控(kong)制(zhi)處理單(dan)元30的控(kong)制(zhi)命令,通過升壓(ya)電路(lu)控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)元32設定(ding)升壓(ya)電路(lu)載波的頻率,以便實現預定(ding)占空比。
如上(shang)所述,升壓電(dian)路(lu)電(dian)壓目標值(zhi)vo*改(gai)變以便在(zai)其中逆變器輸(shu)出電(dian)壓目標值(zhi)vinv*的絕對值(zhi)大致(zhi)等(deng)于(yu)或大于(yu)第一dc輸(shu)入電(dian)壓檢(jian)測值(zhi)vg.1的時段(duan)w1期(qi)間跟(gen)(gen)隨逆變器輸(shu)出電(dian)壓目標值(zhi)vinv*的絕對值(zhi),且在(zai)另(ling)一時段(duan)期(qi)間跟(gen)(gen)隨第一dc輸(shu)入電(dian)壓檢(jian)測值(zhi)vg.1。因(yin)此(ci),第一升壓電(dian)路(lu)載(zai)波的幅值(zhi)a1也根據升壓電(dian)路(lu)電(dian)壓目標值(zhi)vo*變化。
在本實(shi)施例中,第一dc輸(shu)入電壓檢測值vg.1是250伏(fu)特,且商用電力(li)系統3的電壓幅(fu)值是288伏(fu)特。
第(di)一升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)路(lu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)參(can)考(kao)值(zhi)vbc1#的(de)波(bo)(bo)形(xing)(xing)(以下可(ke)稱為第(di)一升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)路(lu)參(can)考(kao)波(bo)(bo)vbc1#)對(dui)應于(yu)通過控制(zhi)處理單元30,基于(yu)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)路(lu)電(dian)流目標值(zhi)iin.1*計算的(de)值(zhi),且(qie)在其中逆變器輸出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)目標值(zhi)vinv*的(de)絕對(dui)值(zhi)大于(yu)第(di)一dc輸入電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)檢(jian)測值(zhi)vg.1的(de)時段(duan)w1期(qi)間具有(you)正值(zhi)。在時段(duan)w1期(qi)間,第(di)一升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)路(lu)參(can)考(kao)波(bo)(bo)vbc1#具有(you)接近(jin)于(yu)由升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)路(lu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)目標值(zhi)vo*產生的(de)波(bo)(bo)形(xing)(xing)的(de)形(xing)(xing)狀的(de)波(bo)(bo)形(xing)(xing),且(qie)與第(di)一升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)路(lu)載(zai)波(bo)(bo)交(jiao)叉。
第(di)一(yi)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電路控制(zhi)單元32比較第(di)一(yi)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電路載波(bo)和第(di)一(yi)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電路參(can)考波(bo)vbc1#,且(qie)產(chan)生用于驅動(dong)開關元件qb1的(de)驅動(dong)波(bo)形,以便在其中第(di)一(yi)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電路參(can)考波(bo)vbc1#等于或大(da)于第(di)一(yi)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電路載波(bo)的(de)時段(duan)期間開啟,且(qie)在其中第(di)一(yi)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電路參(can)考波(bo)vbc1#等于或小于該載波(bo)的(de)時段(duan)期間關閉(bi)。
在(zai)圖(tu)11中,(b)示出由第一(yi)升壓(ya)電路(lu)控制單元32產生的用于(yu)驅動(dong)(dong)開關元件(jian)qb1的驅動(dong)(dong)波形。在(zai)圖(tu)11的(b)中,垂直軸表(biao)示電壓(ya)且水平軸表(biao)示時間(jian)。圖(tu)11的(b)中的水平軸與(yu)圖(tu)11的(a)中的水平軸一(yi)致。
驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)波(bo)形表示開(kai)關(guan)(guan)元件(jian)(jian)qb1的開(kai)關(guan)(guan)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)。當(dang)將驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)波(bo)形賦予開(kai)關(guan)(guan)元件(jian)(jian)qb1時(shi),使開(kai)關(guan)(guan)元件(jian)(jian)qb1根(gen)據(ju)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)波(bo)形執行(xing)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)壓為0伏特時(shi),驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)波(bo)形形成控制(zhi)命(ming)令以關(guan)(guan)閉開(kai)關(guan)(guan)元件(jian)(jian),且當(dang)電(dian)(dian)壓為正電(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)開(kai)啟開(kai)關(guan)(guan)元件(jian)(jian)。
第(di)一升壓(ya)電(dian)路控(kong)制(zhi)單元32產生驅動波形以(yi)便(bian)在其中逆(ni)變器輸出電(dian)壓(ya)目標值(zhi)vinv*的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)的(de)絕對(dui)值(zhi)等于或大于第(di)一dc輸入電(dian)壓(ya)檢測(ce)(ce)值(zhi)vg.1的(de)范(fan)圍w1期(qi)間(jian)執(zhi)行開關操(cao)作(zuo)。因此,在其中該絕對(dui)值(zhi)等于或小于第(di)一dc輸入電(dian)壓(ya)檢測(ce)(ce)值(zhi)vg.1的(de)范(fan)圍內,控(kong)制(zhi)開關元件qb1以(yi)停止開關操(cao)作(zuo)。
通過作為三角波的第(di)一升壓(ya)電路載(zai)波的截距確定各(ge)個脈(mo)沖寬(kuan)度(du)。因此,脈(mo)沖寬(kuan)度(du)在(zai)電壓(ya)較高(gao)的部分處較大(da)。
如上所述,第(di)(di)一升壓電(dian)(dian)路控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)元32借助(zhu)第(di)(di)一升壓電(dian)(dian)路參(can)考波(bo)vbc1#調制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)第(di)(di)一升壓電(dian)(dian)路載波(bo),以產生代表用于(yu)開關的脈沖寬度的驅動波(bo)形。第(di)(di)一升壓電(dian)(dian)路控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)元32基于(yu)所產生的驅動波(bo)形對第(di)(di)一升壓電(dian)(dian)路10的開關元件qb1執行pwm控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
在其中提供(gong)在二(er)極管16的(de)正(zheng)向上傳導電流的(de)開(kai)關元件qbu與(yu)二(er)極管16并聯(lian)的(de)情況(kuang)下,與(yu)用(yong)于(yu)開(kai)關元件qb的(de)驅(qu)動波(bo)形反轉的(de)驅(qu)動波(bo)形用(yong)于(yu)開(kai)關元件qbu。
為了(le)防(fang)止(zhi)開(kai)關(guan)元(yuan)件qb和開(kai)關(guan)元(yuan)件qbu同時傳導電流,在用于開(kai)關(guan)元(yuan)件qbu的(de)驅動脈(mo)沖從(cong)關(guan)閉移動至啟動的(de)部(bu)分處(chu)提供約1微秒的(de)死區時間(jian)。
在(zai)(zai)圖(tu)(tu)12中,(a)是示(shi)出逆變器(qi)電路載(zai)波(bo)(bo)和逆變器(qi)電壓(ya)參考值vinv#的(de)(de)(de)波(bo)(bo)形之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)較的(de)(de)(de)曲線圖(tu)(tu)。在(zai)(zai)圖(tu)(tu)12的(de)(de)(de)(a)中,垂直軸(zhou)表(biao)示(shi)電壓(ya)且水平軸(zhou)表(biao)示(shi)時間。而且在(zai)(zai)圖(tu)(tu)12的(de)(de)(de)(a)中,為了有助于理解,逆變器(qi)電路載(zai)波(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)(de)波(bo)(bo)長與實(shi)際波(bo)(bo)長相比(bi)被延長。
由逆(ni)變器電路控(kong)制單元33產生的(de)(de)(de)逆(ni)變器電路載波(bo)是(shi)在(zai)0伏(fu)特(te)具有幅(fu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)心,且其一側幅(fu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設定在(zai)升壓(ya)電路電壓(ya)目標(biao)(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vo*(用于電容器23的(de)(de)(de)電壓(ya)目標(biao)(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi))處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)三(san)角波(bo)。因此(ci),逆(ni)變器電路載波(bo)具有其中(zhong)(zhong)其幅(fu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)a2是(shi)第(di)一dc輸入電壓(ya)檢(jian)測值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vg.1的(de)(de)(de)兩倍(bei)(bei)大(500伏(fu)特(te))的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)段以及其中(zhong)(zhong)幅(fu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)a2是(shi)商用電力系(xi)統3的(de)(de)(de)電壓(ya)兩倍(bei)(bei)大(最大576伏(fu)特(te))的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)段。
其(qi)頻率(lv)根據來自控制處理單(dan)元(yuan)30等(deng)的控制命令,由逆變器電路控制單(dan)元(yuan)33設定,以便實現預定占空比。
如上所述,升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)路電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)目標(biao)值(zhi)vo*改變以在其中逆(ni)變器輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)目標(biao)值(zhi)vinv*的絕(jue)對(dui)值(zhi)大致等(deng)于(yu)或大于(yu)第(di)一dc輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)檢(jian)測值(zhi)vg.1的時(shi)段(duan)w1期(qi)間跟隨逆(ni)變器輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)目標(biao)值(zhi)vinv*的絕(jue)對(dui)值(zhi),且在另一時(shi)段(duan),即時(shi)段(duan)w2期(qi)間跟隨第(di)一dc輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)檢(jian)測值(zhi)vg.1。因此,逆(ni)變器電(dian)路載波的幅值(zhi)a2也根據升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)路電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)目標(biao)值(zhi)vo*改變。
逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)電壓參(can)(can)考(kao)值(zhi)(zhi)vinv#的波(bo)形(以下(xia)可稱(cheng)為逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)電路參(can)(can)考(kao)波(bo)vinv#)對應于通過控制處(chu)理單元30,基于逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)電流目標值(zhi)(zhi)iinv*計算的值(zhi)(zhi),且(qie)設定為具有與(yu)商用電力系統(tong)3的電壓幅(fu)值(zhi)(zhi)(288伏特)大(da)致相同的幅(fu)值(zhi)(zhi)。因此(ci),逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)電路參(can)(can)考(kao)波(bo)vinv#在其(qi)中電壓值(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)于-vg.1和(he)+vg.1之(zhi)間的范圍內與(yu)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)電路載波(bo)交叉。
逆變(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)控制單(dan)元33比(bi)較逆變(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)載波(bo)(bo)(bo)和逆變(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)參(can)考波(bo)(bo)(bo)vinv#,且產生用(yong)于驅動(dong)開關(guan)元件q1至q4的驅動(dong)波(bo)(bo)(bo)形(xing),以便在其(qi)中逆變(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)參(can)考波(bo)(bo)(bo)vinv#等于或(huo)大(da)于逆變(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)載波(bo)(bo)(bo)的時(shi)(shi)段期(qi)間啟動(dong),且在其(qi)中逆變(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)參(can)考波(bo)(bo)(bo)vinv#等于或(huo)小于載波(bo)(bo)(bo)的時(shi)(shi)段期(qi)間關(guan)閉。
在圖(tu)12中(zhong),(b)示出逆變器電(dian)路控制單元33產生的(de)用于驅(qu)動開(kai)關元件q1的(de)驅(qu)動波形。在圖(tu)12的(de)(b)中(zhong),垂(chui)直軸表示電(dian)壓且水(shui)平軸表示時間。圖(tu)12的(de)(b)中(zhong)的(de)水(shui)平軸與圖(tu)12的(de)(a)中(zhong)的(de)水(shui)平軸一致。
逆變(bian)器(qi)電(dian)路控制單(dan)元(yuan)33產生(sheng)驅(qu)動波形以(yi)便(bian)在其中(zhong)(zhong)逆變(bian)器(qi)電(dian)路參考波vinv#的(de)電(dian)壓處(chu)于-vg.1和+vg.1之間的(de)范圍w2中(zhong)(zhong)執行開關(guan)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)。因此,在另一(yi)范圍中(zhong)(zhong),控制開關(guan)元(yuan)件q1以(yi)停止開關(guan)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)。
在(zai)圖12中,(c)示(shi)出(chu)逆(ni)變器電路控制單元33產生的用(yong)于驅動開關元件q3的驅動波形(xing)。在(zai)圖12的(c)中,垂直軸(zhou)表示(shi)電壓且水平軸(zhou)表示(shi)時(shi)間。
逆變器(qi)電路(lu)控制單元33比(bi)較載波以及由圖12的(a)中的虛(xu)線表示(shi)的與逆變器(qi)電路(lu)參考波vinv#反轉的波形,以產生用于開關元件q3的驅動波形。
而(er)且在這種情況下(xia),逆變器電路(lu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單元33產(chan)生驅動波形以便在其中逆變器電路(lu)參考波vinv#的(de)(de)電壓(與其反轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)波形)處于(yu)-vg.1和(he)+vg.1之間的(de)(de)范圍w2中執(zhi)行開(kai)關(guan)操作(zuo)。因(yin)此(ci),在另(ling)一范圍中,控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)q3以停止(zhi)開(kai)關(guan)操作(zuo)。
逆變(bian)器電路控(kong)制單元(yuan)33產(chan)生與(yu)用(yong)于(yu)開(kai)關(guan)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)q1的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)動波(bo)(bo)(bo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)反轉的(de)(de)波(bo)(bo)(bo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),作為(wei)用(yong)于(yu)開(kai)關(guan)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)q2的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)動波(bo)(bo)(bo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),且(qie)產(chan)生與(yu)用(yong)于(yu)開(kai)關(guan)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)q3的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)動波(bo)(bo)(bo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)反轉的(de)(de)波(bo)(bo)(bo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),作為(wei)用(yong)于(yu)開(kai)關(guan)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)q4的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)動波(bo)(bo)(bo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。
如上所(suo)述,逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)路控(kong)制單元(yuan)33借助(zhu)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)路參考波(bo)(bo)vinv#調制逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)路載(zai)波(bo)(bo),以產(chan)生(sheng)代表用于(yu)開關的(de)(de)脈沖寬度(du)的(de)(de)驅(qu)動波(bo)(bo)形。逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)路控(kong)制單元(yuan)33基于(yu)所(suo)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)驅(qu)動波(bo)(bo)形對(dui)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)路11的(de)(de)開關元(yuan)件q1至q4執行pwm控(kong)制。
本實(shi)施例(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)一(yi)(yi)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)控(kong)(kong)制單元32使第(di)一(yi)(yi)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)10輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)功(gong)率以便dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)15中(zhong)流動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流與升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流目標值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)iin.1*一(yi)(yi)致。因(yin)此(ci),使第(di)一(yi)(yi)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)10在(zai)其(qi)中(zhong)逆(ni)變器(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)目標值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vinv*的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕對(dui)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大致等(deng)于(yu)或(huo)大于(yu)第(di)一(yi)(yi)dc輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vg.1的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時段(duan)w1(圖11)期間(jian)執行(xing)(xing)開關操作(zuo)。第(di)一(yi)(yi)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)10在(zai)時段(duan)w1期間(jian)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)具有(you)等(deng)于(yu)或(huo)大于(yu)第(di)一(yi)(yi)dc輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vg.1且接近(jin)于(yu)逆(ni)變器(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)目標值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vinv*的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕對(dui)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)率。另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面,在(zai)其(qi)中(zhong)逆(ni)變器(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)目標值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vinv*的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕對(dui)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大致等(deng)于(yu)或(huo)小(xiao)于(yu)第(di)一(yi)(yi)dc輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vg.1的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時段(duan)期間(jian),升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)控(kong)(kong)制單元32停止(zhi)第(di)一(yi)(yi)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)10的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開關操作(zuo)。因(yin)此(ci),在(zai)其(qi)中(zhong)絕對(dui)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)于(yu)或(huo)小(xiao)于(yu)第(di)一(yi)(yi)dc輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vg.1的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時段(duan)期間(jian),第(di)一(yi)(yi)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)10在(zai)沒有(you)對(dui)其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下將(jiang)第(di)一(yi)(yi)陣列2輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)力輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)至逆(ni)變器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)11。
本實施(shi)例的(de)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路控(kong)制單元33使逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路11輸(shu)出(chu)功率以便ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)22中(zhong)流(liu)動的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)與逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)目標(biao)值iinv*一致(zhi)。因此,使逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路11在(zai)(zai)其(qi)中(zhong)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)目標(biao)值vinv*大致(zhi)處(chu)于(yu)-vg.1和+vg.1之間的(de)范(fan)圍(wei)w2期(qi)間(圖12)執(zhi)行開(kai)關操作(zuo)。即(ji),使逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路11在(zai)(zai)其(qi)中(zhong)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)目標(biao)值vinv*的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)絕對值等于(yu)或小于(yu)第一dc輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢(jian)測值vg.1的(de)時段期(qi)間執(zhi)行開(kai)關操作(zuo)。
因此,當(dang)第一升(sheng)壓電路(lu)10的開關(guan)操(cao)作(zuo)停止時,逆(ni)變器電路(lu)11執行開關(guan)操(cao)作(zuo)以輸出(chu)接近于逆(ni)變器輸出(chu)電壓目標值(zhi)vinv*的ac電壓。
另一方面,在(zai)除其中(zhong)逆變(bian)器(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)目標值vinv*的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)大(da)致處于-vg.1和+vg.1之(zhi)間的(de)(de)時段w2之(zhi)外的(de)(de)時段中(zhong),逆變(bian)器(qi)電(dian)路控制單元33停止逆變(bian)器(qi)電(dian)路11的(de)(de)開關操作。在(zai)此時段期間,將由第一升壓(ya)電(dian)路10升壓(ya)的(de)(de)功率賦予(yu)逆變(bian)器(qi)電(dian)路11。因此,開關操作停止的(de)(de)逆變(bian)器(qi)電(dian)路11在(zai)未降低其電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)情況下輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)第一升壓(ya)電(dian)路10賦予(yu)的(de)(de)功率。
即,本實施(shi)例的(de)逆變器裝置1使第一升壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路10和(he)逆變器電(dian)(dian)路11執行開關操作以便在其間交替(ti)切換,且(qie)將它們(men)相應的(de)輸出功率彼此疊加,由此輸出具有接近于(yu)逆變器輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)目(mu)標值vinv*的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波形的(de)ac電(dian)(dian)力。
如(ru)上所述,在本實施例中,執行(xing)控制(zhi)以便在輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出對應于(yu)(yu)將從逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)裝置1輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高于(yu)(yu)第一(yi)dc輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)檢測(ce)值vg.1的(de)(de)(de)(de)部分的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下操作(zuo)第一(yi)升壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路10,且在輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出對應于(yu)(yu)ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)第一(yi)dc輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)檢測(ce)值vg.1的(de)(de)(de)(de)部分的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下操作(zuo)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路11。因此(ci),因為逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路11不(bu)會降低(di)(di)已經由第一(yi)升壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路10升壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功率,因此(ci)可(ke)降低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)降壓(ya)(ya)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢差,借此(ci)可(ke)降低(di)(di)由于(yu)(yu)升壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)切換造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)損耗且可(ke)以以提高的(de)(de)(de)(de)效率輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)力。
而且,對于(yu)第一升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)10以及逆變器(qi)(qi)電(dian)路(lu)11兩者來說(shuo),因為(wei)基于(yu)控制(zhi)單元12設定的(de)(de)(de)逆變器(qi)(qi)電(dian)流目標值iinv*計算逆變器(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)目標值vinv*,因此(ci)可抑制(zhi)輸(shu)出(chu)以便(bian)交替切換的(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)功率和逆變器(qi)(qi)電(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)功率之間的(de)(de)(de)頻移(yi)或失真的(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現。
控制(zhi)(zhi)處理單元(yuan)30的(de)第(di)一升壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路控制(zhi)(zhi)單元(yuan)32可控制(zhi)(zhi)第(di)一升壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路10以便在(zai)高于略低于第(di)一dc輸入電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢(jian)測值vg.1的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值的(de)范圍內操作,且在(zai)等于或小于略低于第(di)一dc輸入電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢(jian)測值vg.1的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值的(de)范圍內停(ting)止開關(guan)操作。
在(zai)(zai)這種(zhong)情況下,故(gu)意提供(gong)其中第(di)一升壓電路(lu)10輸出(chu)的功(gong)率(lv)以及逆(ni)變(bian)器電路(lu)11輸出(chu)的功(gong)率(lv)彼此(ci)疊加(jia)的時段(duan),借此(ci)可(ke)在(zai)(zai)第(di)一升壓電路(lu)10和逆(ni)變(bian)器電路(lu)11彼此(ci)切換的部(bu)分(fen)平穩連接電流波形。
這里,略低于(yu)第(di)一(yi)(yi)dc輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)檢測(ce)值(zhi)(zhi)vg.1的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)是指設(she)定以(yi)便允(yun)許(xu)第(di)一(yi)(yi)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)10輸(shu)出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流波形以(yi)及逆變(bian)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)11輸(shu)出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流波形之間平穩(wen)連接(jie)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)(zhi),即(ji),設(she)定為低于(yu)第(di)一(yi)(yi)dc輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)檢測(ce)值(zhi)(zhi)vg.1以(yi)便第(di)一(yi)(yi)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)10的(de)(de)輸(shu)出以(yi)及逆變(bian)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)11的(de)(de)輸(shu)出彼此(ci)疊加至需要在(zai)兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)流波形之間進行平穩(wen)連接(jie)的(de)(de)程度的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)。
圖13是示(shi)出用于(yu)開關元件qb1和q1至q4的參考波和驅動波形(xing)的示(shi)例的示(shi)意(yi)圖。
圖(tu)13從最上側示(shi)出(chu)用(yong)于(yu)逆(ni)變器(qi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)參考(kao)波vinv#和載波,用(yong)于(yu)開關(guan)元件q1的(de)(de)驅動波形,用(yong)于(yu)第一(yi)升壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)參考(kao)波vbc1#和載波,用(yong)于(yu)開關(guan)元件qb的(de)(de)驅動波形,以及逆(ni)變器(qi)裝置1輸出(chu)的(de)(de)ac電(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流波形的(de)(de)目標值(zhi)(zhi)和測量值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)曲(qu)線(xian)圖(tu)。這些(xie)曲(qu)線(xian)圖(tu)的(de)(de)水平(ping)軸(zhou)表示(shi)時間(jian),且(qie)彼此一(yi)致。
如圖(tu)13中所示,發現控(kong)制(zhi)輸出(chu)電流以便其實際測量(liang)值ia與目標值ia*一致。
此外,發現控制其中(zhong)第一(yi)升壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)10的(de)(de)開(kai)關元(yuan)(yuan)件qb1執行開(kai)關操作(zuo)的(de)(de)時段以及其中(zhong)逆變(bian)器電(dian)路(lu)(lu)11的(de)(de)開(kai)關元(yuan)(yuan)件q1至q4執行開(kai)關操作(zuo)的(de)(de)時段以便在其間交替切換。
[5對(dui)第二升壓電路的控(kong)制]
第二(er)升壓電(dian)路(lu)控制單元(yuan)35(圖(tu)3)控制第二(er)升壓電(dian)路(lu)41的開關元(yuan)件qb2。
第(di)二(er)升壓電路控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)元35產生第(di)二(er)升壓電路載波(bo),且借(jie)助控(kong)制(zhi)處(chu)理(li)單(dan)元30賦予的(de)(de)第(di)二(er)升壓電路電壓參(can)考值vbc2#調制(zhi)這(zhe)個載波(bo),以(yi)產生用于驅動(dong)開(kai)關元件qb2的(de)(de)驅動(dong)波(bo)形。
第二(er)升壓電路控(kong)制(zhi)單元(yuan)35和(he)逆(ni)變器(qi)電路控(kong)制(zhi)單元(yuan)33基于(yu)驅動波(bo)(bo)形控(kong)制(zhi)各個開關(guan)元(yuan)件,由此使逆(ni)變器(qi)電路11輸(shu)出具有接近(jin)于(yu)逆(ni)變器(qi)輸(shu)出電壓目標值(zhi)vinv*的(de)(de)波(bo)(bo)形的(de)(de)電壓波(bo)(bo)形的(de)(de)ac電力。
在圖14中,(a)是示(shi)(shi)出第(di)二(er)(er)升壓(ya)電路載波和第(di)二(er)(er)升壓(ya)電路電壓(ya)參考值vbc2#的(de)波形之間(jian)的(de)比較。在圖14的(de)(a)中,垂直軸(zhou)表示(shi)(shi)電壓(ya)且水平(ping)軸(zhou)表示(shi)(shi)時間(jian)。
通過第二升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電路(lu)控制(zhi)單元35產(chan)生的(de)(de)第二升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電路(lu)載(zai)波是三角波,且(qie)具有設(she)定(ding)為與升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電路(lu)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)目標值(zhi)vo*的(de)(de)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)幅(fu)值(zhi)相同的(de)(de)值(zhi)(幅(fu)值(zhi)a1)的(de)(de)幅(fu)值(zhi)。根據(ju)來(lai)自(zi)控制(zhi)處(chu)理單元30等的(de)(de)控制(zhi)命令,通過第二升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電路(lu)控制(zhi)單元35設(she)定(ding)第二升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電路(lu)載(zai)波的(de)(de)頻率,以便實現(xian)預定(ding)占空比(bi)。
在本實(shi)施(shi)例中,第二dc輸入電壓檢測(ce)值(zhi)vg.2是150伏特。
如上所述(shu),升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)路電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vo*改變(bian)以便在其中逆變(bian)器輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vinv*的(de)絕(jue)對(dui)(dui)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大致(zhi)等于或大于第(di)一dc輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vg.1的(de)時段期間跟隨逆變(bian)器輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vinv*的(de)絕(jue)對(dui)(dui)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),且在另(ling)一時段期間跟隨第(di)一dc輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vg.1。因(yin)此,第(di)二升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)路載波(bo)的(de)幅(fu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)根據升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)路電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vo*變(bian)化(hua)。
第(di)二(er)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)路(lu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)參(can)(can)考(kao)值(zhi)vbc2#的(de)波(bo)(bo)形(以下(xia)可(ke)稱為第(di)二(er)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)路(lu)參(can)(can)考(kao)波(bo)(bo)vbc2#)對(dui)應于(yu)通過控制(zhi)處理單元30,基于(yu)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)路(lu)電(dian)流目(mu)標值(zhi)iin.2*計算的(de)值(zhi),且與(yu)第(di)一升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)路(lu)參(can)(can)考(kao)波(bo)(bo)vbc1#不同,在(zai)整(zheng)個范(fan)圍上幾乎(hu)具有正值(zhi)。因此第(di)二(er)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)路(lu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)參(can)(can)考(kao)值(zhi)vbc2#幾乎(hu)跨越第(di)二(er)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)路(lu)載波(bo)(bo)的(de)整(zheng)個范(fan)圍。
第(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)控制(zhi)單(dan)元35比較第(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)載波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)和第(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)壓(ya)參考值vbc2#,且產生用(yong)于(yu)驅動開關元件qb2的(de)驅動波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)形(xing),以(yi)便在其中第(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)參考波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)vbc2#等于(yu)或大于(yu)第(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)載波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)的(de)時段(duan)期(qi)間開啟,且在其中第(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)參考波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)vbc2#等于(yu)或小于(yu)第(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)載波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)的(de)時段(duan)期(qi)間關閉(bi)。
在圖14中,(b)示(shi)出由第(di)二升壓電(dian)路控制單(dan)元(yuan)35產生的用于(yu)驅動開關元(yuan)件(jian)qb2的驅動波形。在圖14的(b)中,垂直(zhi)軸表示(shi)電(dian)壓且水(shui)平(ping)軸表示(shi)時間。圖14的(b)中的水(shui)平(ping)軸與圖14的(a)中的水(shui)平(ping)軸一致。
如上所述,第二升(sheng)壓電(dian)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)壓參(can)考值vbc2#幾乎(hu)跨越第二升(sheng)壓電(dian)路(lu)(lu)載波的(de)整個范圍。因(yin)此,第二升(sheng)壓電(dian)路(lu)(lu)控制單(dan)元35產(chan)生驅動波形以便(bian)使(shi)開關元件qb2在整個范圍上執(zhi)行開關操(cao)作。
如上(shang)所(suo)述,第(di)(di)二(er)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電路(lu)控(kong)制(zhi)單元35借助(zhu)第(di)(di)二(er)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電路(lu)電壓(ya)(ya)參(can)考值vbc2#調制(zhi)第(di)(di)二(er)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電路(lu)載(zai)波(bo),以產生(sheng)代表用于開關的脈沖寬度(du)的驅動(dong)波(bo)形。第(di)(di)二(er)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電路(lu)控(kong)制(zhi)單元35基于所(suo)產生(sheng)的驅動(dong)波(bo)形對第(di)(di)二(er)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)電路(lu)41的開關元件qb2執行pwm控(kong)制(zhi)。
在基(ji)(ji)于上(shang)述(shu)驅動波形進行控(kong)制(zhi)時,第(di)二(er)(er)升壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路41輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)接近于第(di)二(er)(er)升壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)流目標(biao)值(zhi)iin.2*的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流波形。因此(ci)(ci),第(di)二(er)(er)升壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路41輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)功率(lv)的(de)(de)最小電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)基(ji)(ji)本上(shang)與第(di)一dc輸入電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢測值(zhi)vg.1一致(參見(jian)圖(tu)9中(zhong)的(de)(de)(b)),借(jie)此(ci)(ci),可(ke)(ke)(ke)防止從(cong)(cong)第(di)二(er)(er)升壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路41輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)變(bian)得(de)遠低于從(cong)(cong)第(di)一升壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路10輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)。因此(ci)(ci),可(ke)(ke)(ke)防止其中(zhong)未獲得(de)通過第(di)二(er)(er)升壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路41從(cong)(cong)第(di)二(er)(er)陣列40提(ti)供功率(lv)的(de)(de)時段(duan)的(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現,借(jie)此(ci)(ci)可(ke)(ke)(ke)抑(yi)制(zhi)供電(dian)(dian)效率(lv)的(de)(de)降低。
從(cong)(cong)第二升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)電路(lu)41賦(fu)(fu)予(yu)(yu)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器(qi)電路(lu)11的(de)電力的(de)電壓(ya)基本上與(yu)從(cong)(cong)第一(yi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)電路(lu)10賦(fu)(fu)予(yu)(yu)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器(qi)電路(lu)11的(de)功(gong)率(通(tong)過第一(yi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)電路(lu)10升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)的(de)功(gong)率以及第一(yi)陣列2輸出的(de)dc電力)的(de)電壓(ya)一(yi)致。因此(ci),從(cong)(cong)第二升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)電路(lu)41賦(fu)(fu)予(yu)(yu)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器(qi)電路(lu)11的(de)功(gong)率與(yu)從(cong)(cong)第一(yi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)電路(lu)10賦(fu)(fu)予(yu)(yu)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器(qi)電路(lu)11的(de)功(gong)率疊加,且(qie)隨后將(jiang)最終功(gong)率賦(fu)(fu)予(yu)(yu)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器(qi)電路(lu)11。
基(ji)于從(cong)兩個升壓電(dian)路10和41賦予的功率,逆變(bian)器(qi)電(dian)路11輸(shu)出具(ju)有接近于上(shang)述逆變(bian)器(qi)輸(shu)出電(dian)壓目標值(zhi)vinv*的電(dian)壓波形的ac電(dian)力。
[6輸出的(de)ac電力(li)的(de)電流相位]
輸出具有接(jie)近于逆(ni)(ni)變器(qi)(qi)輸出電(dian)壓(ya)目(mu)標值(zhi)vinv*的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)波形的(de)ac電(dian)力(li)的(de)本實(shi)施(shi)例的(de)升壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)10和(he)41以及逆(ni)(ni)變器(qi)(qi)電(dian)路(lu)11兩者在后續級通過控(kong)制單元12的(de)控(kong)制連(lian)接(jie)至濾(lv)波器(qi)(qi)電(dian)路(lu)21。逆(ni)(ni)變器(qi)(qi)裝置1將ac電(dian)力(li)通過濾(lv)波器(qi)(qi)電(dian)路(lu)21輸出至商用電(dian)力(li)系統3。
這里,通(tong)過控制處理單元30產生逆變器輸出電(dian)壓(ya)目標值vinv*以便具(ju)有如(ru)上所述(shu)領先(xian)商用電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統3的電(dian)壓(ya)相位(wei)幾度的電(dian)壓(ya)相位(wei)。
因此,由升壓(ya)電(dian)路10和41以及(ji)逆變(bian)器電(dian)路11兩者輸出的(de)(de)(de)ac電(dian)壓(ya)也具有領先商用(yong)電(dian)力(li)系統3的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)相位幾度(du)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)相位。
因(yin)此(ci)(ci),將(jiang)來(lai)自(zi)升壓(ya)電(dian)路10和41以及(ji)逆變器(qi)(qi)電(dian)路11兩者的(de)ac電(dian)壓(ya)施(shi)加至濾波器(qi)(qi)電(dian)路21的(de)ac電(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)22的(de)一端(duan)(圖2),且(qie)商用(yong)電(dian)力(li)系統3的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)施(shi)加至另一端(duan)。因(yin)此(ci)(ci),具有(you)彼此(ci)(ci)偏移(yi)幾(ji)度的(de)相位的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)施(shi)加至ac電(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)22的(de)相應端(duan)。
在圖15中,(a)是示出(chu)逆變器(qi)電(dian)路11輸出(chu)的(de)ac電(dian)壓(ya)(ya),商用電(dian)力系統(tong)3以及(ji)ac電(dian)抗器(qi)22兩(liang)端(duan)之(zhi)間的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)波形的(de)曲(qu)線(xian)圖。在圖15的(de)(a)中,垂直軸表示電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)且水平軸表示時間。
如圖15的(a)中(zhong)所示(shi),當(dang)具有(you)彼此偏移幾度(du)的相位的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)施(shi)加(jia)至ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)22的相應(ying)端(duan)時(shi),ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)22兩端(duan)之(zhi)間的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等于施(shi)加(jia)至ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)22的相應(ying)端(duan)且具有(you)彼此偏移幾度(du)的相位的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)之(zhi)間的差。
因此,如圖15的(a)中所示,ac電(dian)抗(kang)器22的兩端之間的電(dian)壓(ya)相(xiang)位(wei)領先商(shang)用電(dian)力系統3的電(dian)壓(ya)相(xiang)位(wei)90度。
在圖(tu)(tu)15中,(b)是示出ac電抗器22中流動的(de)(de)電流的(de)(de)波形的(de)(de)曲(qu)線圖(tu)(tu)。在圖(tu)(tu)15的(de)(de)(b)中,垂直軸表示電流且水平軸表示時間。圖(tu)(tu)15的(de)(de)(b)中的(de)(de)水平軸與(yu)圖(tu)(tu)15的(de)(de)(a)中的(de)(de)水平軸一致。
ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器22的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流相(xiang)(xiang)位落后其電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓相(xiang)(xiang)位90度。因此,如圖15的(b)中所示,通過ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器22輸(shu)出的ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)力的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流相(xiang)(xiang)位與商用電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統3的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流相(xiang)(xiang)位同步。
因此,雖然逆(ni)變器電路(lu)11輸(shu)(shu)出的(de)電壓相位(wei)(wei)領先商(shang)用電力(li)(li)系統3的(de)相位(wei)(wei)幾(ji)度,但(dan)是逆(ni)變器電路(lu)11輸(shu)(shu)出的(de)電流相位(wei)(wei)與商(shang)用電力(li)(li)系統3的(de)電流相位(wei)(wei)一致。
因此,逆變器裝置1輸出的ac電(dian)力(li)(li)的電(dian)流波(bo)形的相位與商用(yong)電(dian)力(li)(li)系統3的電(dian)壓相位一致。
因此(ci),可輸出與商用電(dian)力(li)(li)系統3的電(dian)壓同相的ac電(dian)力(li)(li)。
[7其他]
本發明不限于上述(shu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)例(li)。在(zai)(zai)上述(shu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)例(li)中,已經示出其(qi)中兩個太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能電(dian)池(chi)陣(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)列(lie)(lie)(lie),即第一陣(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)列(lie)(lie)(lie)2和第二陣(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)列(lie)(lie)(lie)40并聯(lian)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)至(zhi)逆變器電(dian)路(lu)11的(de)(de)(de)示例(li)。但是,例(li)如,可連(lian)接(jie)(jie)更(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能電(dian)池(chi)陣(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)列(lie)(lie)(lie),且(qie)可連(lian)接(jie)(jie)更(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)了太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能電(dian)池(chi)陣(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)列(lie)(lie)(lie)的(de)(de)(de)升壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)。在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)種情(qing)況下,在(zai)(zai)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)更(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能電(dian)池(chi)陣(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)列(lie)(lie)(lie)中,輸出具有最高電(dian)壓(ya)值的(de)(de)(de)功率的(de)(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能電(dian)池(chi)陣(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)列(lie)(lie)(lie)可用作上述(shu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)例(li)的(de)(de)(de)第一陣(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)列(lie)(lie)(lie)2,且(qie)其(qi)他陣(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)列(lie)(lie)(lie)可用作上述(shu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)例(li)的(de)(de)(de)第二陣(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)列(lie)(lie)(lie)40。
而且(qie)在(zai)這種情況下,處于具有最(zui)高電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)太陽能電(dian)池(chi)陣列(lie)的(de)(de)最(zui)優操作點的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)用作第一(yi)(yi)輸(shu)入電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)設定值(zhi)(zhi)vset1,且(qie)控制其他(ta)太陽能電(dian)池(chi)陣列(lie)以便(bian)其他(ta)太陽能電(dian)池(chi)陣列(lie)輸(shu)出的(de)(de)功率的(de)(de)最(zui)小(xiao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)基本上(shang)與第一(yi)(yi)輸(shu)入電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)設定值(zhi)(zhi)vset1一(yi)(yi)致。
而且(qie)在這種情(qing)況(kuang)下,可避免其中未(wei)獲得(de)來(lai)自多個太陽能電池陣列(lie)的(de)功率提(ti)供(gong)的(de)時段的(de)出現,借此可抑(yi)制(zhi)逆變器1的(de)效率的(de)降低。
在上(shang)述實施例中,用于(yu)逆變器電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu),第一升壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)以及第二升壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的載波的幅值設定為(wei)升壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)目標值vo*。但是,可提供用于(yu)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器19的兩端之(zhi)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)傳(chuan)感器,從而(er)獲得(de)升壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)值vo,且可利(li)用升壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)值vo執行控制(zhi)。
在這種情況下,升壓(ya)電路(lu)電壓(ya)檢測值vo可(ke)用作各個(ge)載波的幅值。因此,即使(shi)dc電源的系統電壓(ya)或輸出(chu)(chu)電壓(ya)改(gai)變時,也可(ke)以輸出(chu)(chu)具有減少的失真(zhen)的ac電流。
[8補充附注]
已經正式(shi)可利用實際的機器(qi)獲得(de)與上述實施(shi)例(li)中(zhong)各個仿真相同的結果。
<<ac-dc轉換裝置>>
[總體配置]
以下將說(shuo)明執行ac至dc電(dian)力(li)轉(zhuan)換(huan)的轉(zhuan)換(huan)裝置1r的實施例。
圖(tu)16是(shi)示出(chu)包(bao)括轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換裝(zhuang)置(zhi)1r的電(dian)力(li)存(cun)儲系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的示例的框圖(tu)。在圖(tu)16中(zhong),蓄電(dian)池81和82連接(jie)至轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換裝(zhuang)置(zhi)1r的兩個系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的輸出(chu)端,且商(shang)用電(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)3(ac系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong))連接(jie)至轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換裝(zhuang)置(zhi)1r的輸入端。電(dian)力(li)存(cun)儲系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)能(neng)將商(shang)用電(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)3提供的功率(lv)(lv)從ac轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換成dc并(bing)將轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換的功率(lv)(lv)存(cun)儲在蓄電(dian)池81和82中(zhong)。
轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換裝置1r包括:將從商用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統3接收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換成dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ac/dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換器11u;作(zuo)為(wei)對ac/dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換器11u的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)進行降壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)dc/dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一降壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路10d以及(ji)第二降壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路41d;以及(ji)控制(zhi)這些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路10d,11u以及(ji)41d的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)單元12。如與(yu)圖1比較而顯而易見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),能量流(liu)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方向(xiang)是反(fan)向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。
圖(tu)17是(shi)轉(zhuan)換裝置1r的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)圖(tu)的(de)示(shi)例。與(yu)(yu)圖(tu)2不同(tong)的(de)是(shi),首先,圖(tu)2中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)太(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池陣列2和(he)40以(yi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池81和(he)82替(ti)(ti)(ti)代(dai)。此外,雖然其(qi)部件相(xiang)同(tong),但是(shi)在轉(zhuan)換裝置1r中(zhong)(zhong),圖(tu)2中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)第(di)一升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)10和(he)第(di)二升(sheng)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)41以(yi)第(di)一降壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)10d以(yi)及第(di)二降壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)41d替(ti)(ti)(ti)代(dai),且圖(tu)2中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)11以(yi)也能與(yu)(yu)ac電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)22協同(tong)進行升(sheng)壓(ya)操作的(de)ac/dc轉(zhuan)換器(qi)11u替(ti)(ti)(ti)代(dai)。
第一降(jiang)壓(ya)電路10d以及第二降(jiang)壓(ya)電路41d具備(bei)分(fen)別與(yu)圖2中(zhong)的(de)相同(tong)的(de)二極管16和(he)43并(bing)聯的(de)開(kai)關元件(jian)qa1和(he)qa2。對于開(kai)關元件(jian)qa1和(he)qa2來說,例如(ru)可采(cai)用所示的(de)igbt或fet。
轉(zhuan)換(huan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)1r的(de)(de)(de)(de)其他配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基本上與圖2中的(de)(de)(de)(de)逆變(bian)器裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)1的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相同(tong)。因此,轉(zhuan)換(huan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)1r具有雙(shuang)向特性,且在連接光伏面板時能執行與圖2中的(de)(de)(de)(de)逆變(bian)器裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)1相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)操作。此外(wai),轉(zhuan)換(huan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)1r也能通(tong)過將蓄電(dian)(dian)池81和82的(de)(de)(de)(de)dc電(dian)(dian)力轉(zhuan)換(huan)成(cheng)ac電(dian)(dian)力而執行自主操作。
在(zai)轉(zhuan)換裝置1r操作為逆(ni)變器裝置的情況下,開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)qa1和(he)qa2由控制單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)12控制,因此開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)qa1和(he)qa2常關(guan)(guan)或開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)qa1與(yu)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)qb1交替啟動(dong)且開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)qa2與(yu)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)qb2交替啟動(dong)。此外,第一降(jiang)壓(ya)電路(lu)(lu)10d以及第二降(jiang)壓(ya)電路(lu)(lu)41d分別用(yong)作升(sheng)壓(ya)電路(lu)(lu),且ac/dc轉(zhuan)換器11u用(yong)作逆(ni)變器電路(lu)(lu)。
在(zai)基于商用(yong)ac系統3的(de)(de)ac電(dian)力(li)對蓄電(dian)池(chi)81和82充電(dian)的(de)(de)情況下,控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單元(yuan)12可通過(guo)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)開關元(yuan)件q1至q4的(de)(de)操作(zuo)執(zhi)行同步(bu)整(zheng)流。此外,通過(guo)在(zai)ac電(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)22的(de)(de)存在(zai)下執(zhi)行pwm控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi),控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單元(yuan)12可在(zai)執(zhi)行升壓操作(zuo)的(de)(de)同時執(zhi)行整(zheng)流。因此,ac/dc轉換器(qi)11u將商用(yong)ac系統3賦予的(de)(de)ac電(dian)力(li)轉換成dc電(dian)力(li)。
第一降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)10d形成(cheng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)斬波電(dian)路(lu)(lu),且開(kai)(kai)關元件qb1和(he)qa1由控制(zhi)單元12控制(zhi)。第二降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)41d形成(cheng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)斬波電(dian)路(lu)(lu),且開(kai)(kai)關元件qb2和(he)qa2由控制(zhi)單元12控制(zhi)。
控制第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)10d以(yi)及第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)41d的(de)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)操(cao)作(zuo)以(yi)便其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)各個第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)10d以(yi)及第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)41d執(zhi)行開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)操(cao)作(zuo)的(de)時(shi)(shi)段(duan)以(yi)及其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)ac/dc轉換(huan)(huan)器(qi)11u執(zhi)行開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)操(cao)作(zuo)的(de)時(shi)(shi)段(duan)交替切換(huan)(huan)。因(yin)此,在(zai)其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)各個第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)10d以(yi)及第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)41d執(zhi)行開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)操(cao)作(zuo)的(de)時(shi)(shi)段(duan)期間,相(xiang)應的(de)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)將(jiang)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸(shu)出至蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池81和(he)(he)(he)82,且(qie)(qie)在(zai)其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)各個降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)停止開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)操(cao)作(zuo)(開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)元件(jian)qb1,qb2關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)閉且(qie)(qie)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)元件(jian)qa1,qa2啟動)的(de)時(shi)(shi)段(duan)期間,相(xiang)應降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)將(jiang)ac/dc轉換(huan)(huan)器(qi)11u輸(shu)出并輸(shu)入至第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)10d和(he)(he)(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)41d的(de)dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)經由(you)dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)15和(he)(he)(he)42分別(bie)賦予至蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池81和(he)(he)(he)82。但是(shi),取決(jue)于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池81和(he)(he)(he)82的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態和(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya),出于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)調整的(de)目的(de),在(zai)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)10d和(he)(he)(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)41d中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)一(yi)個停止開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)操(cao)作(zuo)的(de)同(tong)時(shi)(shi),另一(yi)個執(zhi)行用于降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)操(cao)作(zuo)的(de)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)操(cao)作(zuo)。
[電壓波形概述]
圖18是(shi)概念性地示出轉換(huan)裝置1r的(de)操作的(de)電(dian)壓波(bo)形示意圖。
在圖(tu)18中(zhong),(a)示(shi)(shi)出用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)ac/dc轉換器(qi)11u的(de)(de)ac輸入電壓目標(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vinv*的(de)(de)絕對值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)示(shi)(shi)例。這通常對應于(yu)(yu)基于(yu)(yu)商用(yong)(yong)ac的(de)(de)全波(bo)整流波(bo)形。雙點劃線表(biao)示(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)充電的(de)(de)dc電壓vg(其與表(biao)達式(7)中(zhong)相同(tong))。如圖(tu)18的(de)(de)(b)中(zhong)所示(shi)(shi),在其中(zhong)dc電壓vg高(gao)于(yu)(yu)ac輸入電壓目標(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)vinv*的(de)(de)絕對值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)時段期間(從t0至(zhi)t1,從t2至(zhi)t3,從t4),ac/dc轉換器(qi)11u與ac電抗器(qi)22協作(zuo)執行開關操作(zuo)且執行升壓操作(zuo)。
同時,在這些時段(duan)期間(jian)(從t0至(zhi)t1,從t2至(zhi)t3,從t4),第(di)一降壓電(dian)路(lu)10d以(yi)及第(di)二(er)降壓電(dian)路(lu)41d中至(zhi)少一者停止降壓操作(zuo)。注意到圖(tu)18的(b)中的細條實際上(shang)是pwm脈沖串,且其占(zhan)空根據ac輸入電(dian)壓目標值vinv*的絕(jue)對值變化。因此,如果這種狀態下的電(dian)壓施加至(zhi)蓄電(dian)池81,82,則出(chu)現圖(tu)18的(c)中所示的波形(xing)。
另一方(fang)面,其(qi)中(zhong)dc電壓(ya)(ya)vg低(di)于(yu)ac輸(shu)入電壓(ya)(ya)目標(biao)值vinv*的(de)(de)絕對值的(de)(de)時段(duan)期間(從tl至(zhi)t2,從t3至(zhi)t4),ac/dc轉換(huan)器(qi)11u停止(zhi)開(kai)(kai)關,且替代地,第(di)一降(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)電路10d以及(ji)(ji)第(di)二降(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)電路41d操(cao)作。這(zhe)里提(ti)及(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)關是指例如約20khz下的(de)(de)高頻切(qie)換(huan),且不是指在這(zhe)種用于(yu)執(zhi)行同步整流的(de)(de)低(di)頻(兩倍(bei)于(yu)商(shang)用頻率)下的(de)(de)切(qie)換(huan)。即使開(kai)(kai)關元件q1至(zhi)q4由(you)于(yu)ac/dc轉換(huan)器(qi)11u中(zhong)的(de)(de)切(qie)換(huan)停止(zhi)造(zao)成的(de)(de)全部關閉,通過開(kai)(kai)關元件q1至(zhi)q4中(zhong)包(bao)括的(de)(de)二極管整流的(de)(de)電壓(ya)(ya)被輸(shu)入至(zhi)第(di)一降(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)電路10d以及(ji)(ji)第(di)二降(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)電路41d。這(zhe)里,為了降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)傳導(dao)損(sun)耗(hao),優選執(zhi)行同步整流。
在執行同(tong)步整流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下的(de)(de)(de)ac/dc轉換器11u中(zhong)(zhong),通過控(kong)制單元12的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制,在其中(zhong)(zhong)ac電(dian)壓(ya)va的(de)(de)(de)符號是(shi)正(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)時段期間,開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)元件(jian)q1和(he)q4啟動(dong)且(qie)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)元件(jian)q2和(he)q3關(guan)閉(bi),且(qie)在其中(zhong)(zhong)ac電(dian)壓(ya)va的(de)(de)(de)符號是(shi)負的(de)(de)(de)時段期間,反轉這些開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)元件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)啟動(dong)和(he)關(guan)閉(bi)。反轉的(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)率(lv)是(shi)商用頻(pin)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)倍高,且(qie)因(yin)此與高頻(pin)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)頻(pin)率(lv)相比非常(chang)低。因(yin)此,由(you)于(yu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)/關(guan)反轉造成的(de)(de)(de)損耗(hao)非常(chang)小。
同時(shi),在時(shi)段(從(cong)(cong)tl至t2,從(cong)(cong)t3至t4)期間,第一降(jiang)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)10d以及第二降(jiang)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)41d執行降(jiang)壓(ya)操(cao)作。圖(tu)18的(de)(d)中(zhong)所示的(de)細(xi)條實際(ji)上是(shi)pwm脈沖串,且其(qi)占空根據ac輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)目(mu)標值vinv*的(de)絕對值改變(bian)。由于降(jiang)壓(ya)操(cao)作,因此獲(huo)得(de)圖(tu)18的(de)(e)中(zhong)所示的(de)所需dc電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)vg。
如上所述,僅在(zai)其中(zhong)(zhong)基于ac電壓(ya)的(de)ac輸入電壓(ya)目標值vinv*的(de)絕(jue)對值低于dc電壓(ya)vg的(de)時(shi)段期(qi)間,ac/dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)器11u操(cao)作(zuo),且(qie)在(zai)另一時(shi)段期(qi)間,停(ting)止ac/dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)器11u中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)切(qie)換(huan),借此可降(jiang)低ac/dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)器11u中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)開關損耗。
類似地(di),僅在(zai)其中ac輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓目標值(zhi)vinv*的(de)(de)絕對值(zhi)高(gao)于(yu)dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓vg的(de)(de)時(shi)段(duan)期間,第一降(jiang)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)10d以及第二(er)降(jiang)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)41d操作,且在(zai)另一時(shi)段(duan)期間,停(ting)止第一降(jiang)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)10d以及第二(er)降(jiang)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)41d中至(zhi)少一者的(de)(de)切換(huan),借此可降(jiang)低第一降(jiang)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)10d以及第二(er)降(jiang)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)41d中的(de)(de)開(kai)關損耗。
因(yin)此,ac/dc轉換(huan)(huan)器11u以及第(di)一(yi)降壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)10d和第(di)二降壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)41d中(zhong)至(zhi)少一(yi)者(zhe)交替執行開關操作(zuo)。即,對于(yu)ac/dc轉換(huan)(huan)器11u,第(di)一(yi)降壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)10d以及第(di)二降壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)41d中(zhong)每一(yi)個來說,會出現(xian)其中(zhong)停止切換(huan)(huan)的時(shi)段。此外(wai),因(yin)為(wei)ac/dc轉換(huan)(huan)器11u在除了ac輸(shu)入電(dian)壓(ya)目(mu)標值vinv*的絕對值的峰值及其附近之(zhi)外(wai)的區(qu)域(yu)中(zhong)操作(zuo),因(yin)此ac/dc轉換(huan)(huan)器11u執行切換(huan)(huan)處(chu)的電(dian)壓(ya)相(xiang)對較(jiao)低。這也(ye)有助于(yu)降低開關損耗。因(yin)此,可大幅降低轉換(huan)(huan)裝(zhuang)置1r的整(zheng)體開關損耗。
[控制的說明]
轉(zhuan)換裝(zhuang)置(zhi)1r的控制可被認(ren)為是通(tong)過反轉(zhuan)通(tong)過圖2中(zhong)的逆(ni)變器(qi)(qi)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)1互連的系統中(zhong)的控制方(fang)向(xiang)而獲得的類似(si)控制。利(li)用可執(zhi)行與逆(ni)變器(qi)(qi)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)1中(zhong)相同(tong)的系統互連的轉(zhuan)換裝(zhuang)置(zhi)1r,這種控制也適(shi)于在逆(ni)向(xiang)操作下提高(gao)轉(zhuan)換裝(zhuang)置(zhi)1r的效率。
逆變(bian)器裝置1中的(de)各(ge)(ge)種值,以及與其對(dui)應(ying)的(de)轉(zhuan)換裝置1r中的(de)各(ge)(ge)種值如下(xia)。注意到,如果蓄(xu)電池(chi)81和第一降壓電路10d設定為第一dc系(xi)統且(qie)(qie)蓄(xu)電池(chi)82以及第二(er)降壓電路41d設定為第二(er)dc系(xi)統,則第一dc系(xi)統對(dui)應(ying)于i=1的(de)情(qing)況,且(qie)(qie)第二(er)dc系(xi)統對(dui)應(ying)于i=2的(de)情(qing)況。
ia.i*:用于來自商用電力系統3的(de)輸入(ru)電流的(de)目標值(zhi)
iin.i:降壓電(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)流檢測值
iin.i*:降壓電(dian)路電(dian)流目標值
iinv*:用于輸入至ac/dc轉換(huan)器11u的ac輸入電(dian)流(liu)的目標(biao)值
ig.i*:用于輸入(ru)至蓄電(dian)池81,82的dc輸入(ru)電(dian)流的目標值
ic:流(liu)過電容器19的電流(liu)
ica:流(liu)(liu)過電(dian)容器(qi)23的電(dian)流(liu)(liu)
va:系統電壓(ya)檢(jian)測值
vg.i:蓄電池電壓值(zhi)
vinv*:用于輸(shu)入至ac/dc轉換(huan)器(qi)11u的ac輸(shu)入電壓(ya)的目標值
vo*:用于輸入至(zhi)第一,第二降壓電路10d,41d的(de)輸入電壓的(de)目標(biao)值(zhi)
pin.i:至蓄電池81,82的輸入功(gong)率(lv)
ploss:轉換裝(zhuang)置(zhi)1r中(zhong)的功耗
ηi:轉換效率
因此,能(neng)適用對應于(yu)用于(yu)圖(tu)2中的逆變器裝置1的上述表達式(1)至(8)的下述關(guan)系。
對應于(yu)表達(da)式(1)的輸入至蓄(xu)電池81,82的輸入功率的平均(jun)值<pin.i>表達(da)如下。
<pin.i>=<iin.i×vg.i>...(r1)
對應于表達式(shi)(2),用于從(cong)商用電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統3至各個(ge)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的輸入電(dian)(dian)流的目標值的有(you)效值<ia.i*>表達如下。
<ia.i*>=<ig.i*×vg.i>/(<va>×ηi)...(r2)
對應(ying)于表達(da)式(shi)(3)的輸(shu)入電流(liu)目標值ia*表達(da)如下。
ia.i*=(√2)×<ia.i*>×sinωt...(r3)
對應(ying)于表(biao)達(da)式(4)的ac輸入電流目標(biao)值iinv*表(biao)達(da)如下。
iinv*=σia.i*-scava...(r4)
利用相對于(yu)時間(jian)t的導數,上述表達式(r4)表達如(ru)下。
iinv*=σia.i*-ca×(dva/dt)...(r4a)
對應于表達式(5)的(de)ac輸入(ru)電壓(ya)目標值vinv*表達如下(xia)。
vinv*=va-zaiinv*...(r5)
利用(yong)相對(dui)于時間(jian)t的導數,上(shang)述表(biao)達(da)式(r5)表(biao)達(da)如下。
vinv*=va–za×(diinv*/dt)...(r5a)
如上所述,在ac/dc轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)11u和(he)(he)濾(lv)波器(qi)電(dian)路21之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)電(dian)路連(lian)接點(dian)(dian)p處設(she)置作為ac側目標(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)用于ac/dc轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)11u的(de)輸入目標(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(iinv*,vinv*),如圖17中所示(shi)。因(yin)此,對于執(zhi)行(xing)系統(tong)互連(lian)的(de)情況來說(shuo),設(she)定目標(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)點(dian)(dian)移動至商用電(dian)力系統(tong)3和(he)(he)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)裝置1r之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)電(dian)路連(lian)接點(dian)(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)前的(de)級(ac/dc轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)11u一(yi)側)。這樣(yang),可以說(shuo),執(zhi)行(xing)ac和(he)(he)dc之(zhi)(zhi)間適當(dang)的(de)互連(lian),“反向”系統(tong)互連(lian)。
對(dui)(dui)于(yu)用于(yu)對(dui)(dui)應于(yu)表(biao)達(da)式(shi)(6)的(de)第一(yi)降(jiang)壓電路(lu)10d以(yi)及第二降(jiang)壓電路(lu)41d的(de)輸入電壓目標值(zhi)vo*來說,vgf,即表(biao)達(da)式(shi)(6)中的(de)(vg-ziin.i*)由vgr,即(vg+ziin.i*)取(qu)代,以(yi)獲得如下表(biao)達(da)式(shi)。
vo*=max(vg+ziin.i*,vinv*的絕對(dui)值)...(r6)
如表達式(7)中一樣,蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池81和82的電(dian)(dian)壓值中較大(da)的一個可用(yong)作蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓值vg。
vg=max(vg.i)...(r7)
降壓電(dian)路電(dian)流(liu)目標值iin.i*表達如下。
iin.i*=[ia.i*×vinv*-ki{(scava)vinv*+(scovo*)×vo*}]/(vg.i+ziin.i)...(r8)
利(li)用(yong)相對于時間t的導數,上述表達(da)式(r8)表達(da)如下。
iin.i*=[ia.i*×vinv*-ki{(ca×dva/dt)×vinv*+(co×dvo*/dt)×vo*}]/(vg.i+ziin.i)...(r8a)
如果檢測到流(liu)(liu)過電(dian)(dian)容器19的電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)且檢測電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)由ico表示,則(ze)獲(huo)得下(xia)述表達式。
iin.i*=[ia.i*×vinv*-ki{(ca×dva/dt)vinv*+ico×vo*}]/(vg.i+ziin.i)...(r8b)
在表達式(r8),(r8a)和(he)(r8b)中(zhong),第三(san)項是考慮(lv)到(dao)通過電容器(qi)19的(de)無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率而加入的(de)值(zhi)。即,除了用于ac/dc轉(zhuan)換器(qi)11u的(de)功(gong)(gong)率目標(biao)值(zhi)之外考慮(lv)無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率使得能更精(jing)確地計算(suan)iin*的(de)值(zhi)。
而且(qie),如果(guo)預(yu)先測量逆變器裝置(zhi)1的功(gong)耗ploss.i,則(ze)上述表(biao)(biao)達式(shi)(r8a)可表(biao)(biao)達如下。
iin.i*=[ia.i*×vinv*-ki{(ca×dva/dt)vinv*+(c×dvo*/dt)×vo*}-ploss.i]/(vg.i+ziin.i)...(r8c)
類似地,上述表達(da)式(r8b)可表達(da)如下。
iin.i*=[ia.i*×vinv*-ki{(ca×dva/dt)vinv*+ico×vo*}-ploss.i]/(vg.i+ziin.i)...(r8d)
在這種情(qing)況下,除(chu)了逆變器電路11的(de)功率(lv)目標值之外考慮無功功率(lv)以及功耗ploss能更精確(que)的(de)計算iin.i*的(de)值。
如上(shang)所述,控制單元12執行控制以便第一(yi)(yi)降(jiang)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)10d以及(ji)第二(er)降(jiang)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)41d在對應(ying)于其(qi)中用于ac/dc轉換器11u的(de)(de)ac輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓目(mu)標(biao)值vinv*的(de)(de)絕對值的(de)(de)部分的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高于dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(vg+ziin.i*)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下操作(zuo)(zuo),且ac/dc轉換器11u在對應(ying)于其(qi)中用于ac/dc轉換器11u的(de)(de)ac輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓目(mu)標(biao)值vinv*的(de)(de)絕對值的(de)(de)部分的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低于dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(vg+ziin.i*)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下操作(zuo)(zuo)。因此(ci),可(ke)降(jiang)低借助ac/dc轉換器11u的(de)(de)升壓操作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢差(cha),且可(ke)降(jiang)低由于ac/dc轉換器11u,第一(yi)(yi)降(jiang)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)10d以及(ji)第二(er)降(jiang)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)41d的(de)(de)切(qie)換造(zao)成的(de)(de)損耗,借此(ci)可(ke)以以提高的(de)(de)效率輸(shu)(shu)出dc電(dian)(dian)(dian)力。
而且(qie),因為第(di)一降壓(ya)電路10d,第(di)二(er)降壓(ya)電路41d以及ac/dc轉換(huan)(huan)器11u都基于(yu)由(you)控制(zhi)單元12設定(ding)的(de)目標值而操(cao)作,因此(ci)即(ji)使執行操(cao)作以便(bian)在ac/dc轉換(huan)(huan)器11u和各(ge)個第(di)一降壓(ya)電路10d和第(di)二(er)降壓(ya)電路41d之(zhi)間(jian)交替切(qie)換(huan)(huan)高頻開關周期,也(ye)能(neng)抑制(zhi)輸入至ac/dc轉換(huan)(huan)器11u的(de)ac電流(liu)中的(de)相位偏(pian)移或(huo)失真的(de)出現(xian)。
此(ci)(ci)外,如(ru)上所述,轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)裝置(zhi)1r可執行與圖(tu)2中(zhong)的(de)(de)逆變器裝置(zhi)1相同的(de)(de)系(xi)統(tong)互連操(cao)作。因(yin)此(ci)(ci),能(neng)實現可用于執行系(xi)統(tong)互連的(de)(de)dc/ac轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)以及ac/dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)的(de)(de)兩(liang)個(ge)方(fang)向中(zhong)的(de)(de)有效的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)裝置(zhi)。
<<復(fu)合轉換裝置-第一示例>>
以下將說明執(zhi)行(xing)復合功率(lv)轉(zhuan)換的(de)轉(zhuan)換裝置1r的(de)示例。
圖(tu)19是示出包括這種轉(zhuan)換裝置1r的(de)(de)電(dian)力存儲系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)示例的(de)(de)框圖(tu)。圖(tu)19與圖(tu)16的(de)(de)不同之處在于(yu)dc電(dian)源的(de)(de)一個(ge)系(xi)(xi)統由太陽能電(dian)池陣列2替換且提(ti)供作為升壓(ya)電(dian)路的(de)(de)dc/dc轉(zhuan)換器10。
在這(zhe)種(zhong)情(qing)況下(xia),蓄電池(chi)82從商(shang)用電力(li)系(xi)統3經(jing)(jing)由ac/dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)器(qi)11u以及dc/dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)器(qi)41d充電。太陽能電池(chi)陣列2的(de)輸出的(de)電壓通過dc/dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)器(qi)10升壓且輸出最(zui)終的(de)功率作(zuo)為dc電力(li)。這(zhe)種(zhong)功率用于經(jing)(jing)由dc/dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)器(qi)41d為蓄電池(chi)82充電。
如果太陽能電池陣(zhen)列2定義(yi)為(wei)(wei)第一(yi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(i=1)且(qie)蓄電池82定義(yi)為(wei)(wei)第二系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(i=2),則通過在(zai)(zai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)達(da)(da)式(shi)(r1)至(zhi)(r8d)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)i=1的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)將ig.1*的(de)(de)(de)(de)符(fu)號(hao)設定為(wei)(wei)負且(qie)利用(yong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)達(da)(da)式(shi)(r2)替代表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)達(da)(da)式(shi)(2)而實(shi)現ac/dc轉換器(qi)11u以及(ji)降壓(ya)電路(dc/dc轉換器(qi))41d的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制。在(zai)(zai)這種情況下(xia),通過表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)達(da)(da)式(shi)(2)和(he)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)達(da)(da)式(shi)(r3)獲得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)ia.1具(ju)有相對于(yu)va相移180度的(de)(de)(de)(de)相位的(de)(de)(de)(de)ac波形(xing),且(qie)通過表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)達(da)(da)式(shi)(2)和(he)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)達(da)(da)式(shi)(r3)獲得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)ia.2具(ju)有與va相同相位的(de)(de)(de)(de)ac波形(xing)。隨后,根據表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)達(da)(da)式(shi)(r4)至(zhi)(r8d)計算控(kong)制目標(biao)值。在(zai)(zai)來自第一(yi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出功率和(he)輸入至(zhi)第二系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸入功率彼此一(yi)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia),在(zai)(zai)通過表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)達(da)(da)式(shi)(r4)獲得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)至(zhi)商(shang)用(yong)電力(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)3的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出電流中,有功功率是(shi)零且(qie)僅存在(zai)(zai)無功功率,但是(shi)從表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)達(da)(da)式(shi)(r5)進行的(de)(de)(de)(de)后續計算是(shi)沒(mei)有問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)。
通過這種控制(zhi),太(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)池陣列2的輸出可用于為蓄電(dian)池82充電(dian)。
<<復合轉換裝置(zhi)-第(di)二示例>>
以下將說(shuo)明(ming)執行復合(he)功率轉換(huan)的(de)(de)轉換(huan)裝置(zhi)1r的(de)(de)另一示例。
圖(tu)(tu)20是(shi)示出(chu)包括(kuo)這種轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換裝置1r的(de)電力存(cun)儲系統(tong)的(de)示例的(de)框圖(tu)(tu)。圖(tu)(tu)20與(yu)圖(tu)(tu)16的(de)不同之處在于dc電源的(de)一個系統(tong)由(you)太陽能電池陣列2替換且提(ti)供作為(wei)升壓電路的(de)dc/dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換器10(這與(yu)圖(tu)(tu)19中相(xiang)同),且提(ti)供操作為(wei)逆變器的(de)ac/dc轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換器11。
在(zai)(zai)這種情況(kuang)下,通過(guo)dc/dc轉換(huan)器10升(sheng)壓(ya)太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)池陣列2的(de)(de)輸出(chu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)且最終(zhong)的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)輸出(chu)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)dc電(dian)(dian)力。這種功(gong)(gong)率(lv)用(yong)于經由dc/dc轉換(huan)器41d對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池82充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。在(zai)(zai)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)用(yong)于為(wei)(wei)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池82充(chong)電(dian)(dian)之后(hou)的(de)(de)剩余(yu)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)經由ac/dc轉換(huan)器11通過(guo)系統(tong)互連被銷售(shou)。
如果太陽能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)陣列(lie)2定(ding)義為第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(i=1)且(qie)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)82定(ding)義為第(di)(di)二系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(i=2),則通過(guo)在表達(da)(da)式(shi)(1)至(8d)中的(de)i=2的(de)情(qing)況下(xia)將ig.2*的(de)符(fu)號(hao)設定(ding)為負且(qie)利用(yong)表達(da)(da)式(shi)(r2)替(ti)代表達(da)(da)式(shi)(2)而實現ac/dc轉換器11以及(ji)升壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)(dc/dc轉換器)10的(de)控制。在這種情(qing)況下(xia),通過(guo)表達(da)(da)式(shi)(r2)和(he)表達(da)(da)式(shi)(3)獲得的(de)ia.2具(ju)有相(xiang)對于(yu)va相(xiang)移180度的(de)相(xiang)位(wei)(wei)的(de)ac波形,且(qie)通過(guo)表達(da)(da)式(shi)(r2)和(he)表達(da)(da)式(shi)(3)獲得的(de)ia.1具(ju)有與va相(xiang)同相(xiang)位(wei)(wei)的(de)ac波形。隨(sui)后(hou),根據表達(da)(da)式(shi)(4)至(8d)計算(suan)控制目標值。在來自(zi)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)輸(shu)出功率和(he)輸(shu)入至第(di)(di)二系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)輸(shu)入功率彼此一(yi)(yi)致的(de)情(qing)況下(xia),在通過(guo)表達(da)(da)式(shi)(4)獲得的(de)至商用(yong)電(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)(tong)3的(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)流中,有功功率是(shi)零且(qie)僅(jin)存(cun)在無(wu)功功率,但是(shi)從表達(da)(da)式(shi)(5)進行的(de)后(hou)續計算(suan)是(shi)沒(mei)有問題的(de)。
通(tong)過(guo)這種控制,通(tong)過(guo)光伏發(fa)電對蓄電池82進行充電,同時可通(tong)過(guo)系(xi)統互連銷售剩余功率。
<<附錄(lu)>>
希望在圖2和(he)圖17的電路(lu)配(pei)置中(zhong)(zhong),sic元(yuan)件用于dc/dc轉換器10,l0d,41,41d中(zhong)(zhong)包括(kuo)(kuo)的至少一種半導(dao)體開(kai)(kai)關元(yuan)件,以及dc/ac逆變器11(或ac/dc轉換器11u)中(zhong)(zhong)包括(kuo)(kuo)的至少一種半導(dao)體開(kai)(kai)關元(yuan)件。
在上述(shu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)裝置(zhi)1中(zhong),可通(tong)過(guo)減(jian)(jian)少高(gao)頻切換(huan)的(de)次(ci)數減(jian)(jian)少半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)中(zhong)的(de)開(kai)關損耗(hao)以及dc電抗(kang)器15和42以及ac電抗(kang)器22中(zhong)的(de)鐵(tie)損耗(hao),但是不能(neng)減(jian)(jian)少半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)中(zhong)的(de)傳導(dao)損耗(hao)。在這點上,利(li)用sic元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)作為半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)能(neng)降低傳導(dao)損耗(hao)。因此,如果用于轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)裝置(zhi)1的(de)sic元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)如上所(suo)述(shu)進行控制(zhi),則可通(tong)過(guo)其間的(de)協(xie)同效(xiao)應實(shi)現(xian)高(gao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)效(xiao)率。
注意(yi)到(dao)本(ben)文中公開(kai)的(de)(de)實施例在所(suo)有方面都是說明(ming)(ming)性的(de)(de)且不應被認為是限制性的(de)(de)。本(ben)發明(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)范圍(wei)由權利要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)范圍(wei)而非上述含(han)義而定義,且旨在涵蓋等效于權利要(yao)求(qiu)范圍(wei)以及該范圍(wei)內所(suo)有變型的(de)(de)含(han)義。
參考符號列表
1逆變器裝置(轉換(huan)裝置)
1r轉換裝置
2第一太(tai)陽能(neng)電池陣列/第一陣列
3商用電力系統
10第一(yi)升壓電路(dc/dc轉換器)
10d第(di)一降壓電路(lu)(dc/dc轉換(huan)器(qi))
11逆變器電路
11uac/dc轉換(huan)器
12控制單元
15dc電抗器
16二極管
17第一電壓傳感器
18第一電流傳感器
19電容器
21濾波器電路
22ac電抗器
23電容器
24第三電流傳感器
25第三電壓傳感器
26電容器
30控制處理單元
32第一升壓電路控制單元(yuan)
33逆變器電路控制(zhi)單元(yuan)
34平均處理單元
35第二升壓電路(lu)控制單元(yuan)
40第二太陽能電池陣(zhen)列/第二陣(zhen)列
41第二升壓電路(lu)(dc/dc轉換器(qi))
41d第二降壓電路(dc/dc轉換器)
42dc電抗器
43二極管
44第二電壓傳感器
45第二電流傳感器
46電容器
51第一計算部
52第一加法器
53補償器
54第二加法器
61第二計算部
62第三加法器
63補償器
64第四加法器
72第五加法器
73補償器
74第六加法器
81,82蓄電池
p電路連接點
qb1,qb2,qa1,qa2開關元件
q1至q4開關元件