本發(fa)明屬于非常規油氣(qi)開采技術領域，具(ju)體(ti)地涉及一種頁(ye)巖氣(qi)井(jing)中(zhong)損(sun)失(shi)氣(qi)解吸氣(qi)量的測試方法(fa)及其裝置。
背景技術：
近二十(shi)年(nian)，美(mei)國頁巖氣開發獲得巨(ju)大成功(gong)，使之完成了(le)能源革(ge)命(ming)，改變(bian)了(le)世界能源格局。
中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)頁(ye)(ye)巖(yan)氣(qi)(qi)資源總量134萬億立方米(mi)，居世界第一(yi)。隨著中(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)化在(zai)重慶涪陵焦(jiao)石(shi)壩及(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)油在(zai)四川長寧、威(wei)遠(yuan)等(deng)地(di)龍馬(ma)溪(xi)組頁(ye)(ye)巖(yan)氣(qi)(qi)勘探(tan)開(kai)發工作(zuo)，使得我國(guo)目前(qian)頁(ye)(ye)巖(yan)氣(qi)(qi)的開(kai)發及(ji)利用已居世界第二位。
眾所周知，頁(ye)(ye)(ye)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)氣是以(yi)吸(xi)附在(zai)頁(ye)(ye)(ye)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)基質表面的(de)吸(xi)附氣為主(zhu)，游離態(tai)為輔，因(yin)此頁(ye)(ye)(ye)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)含(han)氣量(liang)數據是評價頁(ye)(ye)(ye)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)優劣的(de)重要(yao)指標(biao)。在(zai)鉆井取心時，隨著(zhu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)心在(zai)井筒中提(ti)升，有大量(liang)的(de)頁(ye)(ye)(ye)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)氣（吸(xi)附及游離態(tai)）會發生散失(shi)(shi)，導致(zhi)地面頁(ye)(ye)(ye)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)現(xian)場解吸(xi)測(ce)(ce)試不能準(zhun)確地反(fan)映頁(ye)(ye)(ye)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)含(han)氣量(liang)。因(yin)此，有必(bi)要(yao)找到一種能夠在(zai)取心過程中對頁(ye)(ye)(ye)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)損失(shi)(shi)氣量(liang)的(de)測(ce)(ce)試工具及方法，以(yi)準(zhun)確地評價頁(ye)(ye)(ye)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)含(han)氣量(liang)指標(biao)。
技術實現要素：
本(ben)發明的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)在于(yu)提供一種頁巖氣井中(zhong)損失氣解吸氣量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)測試方法及(ji)其裝置，該方法解決了頁巖含氣量(liang)(liang)測試損失氣量(liang)(liang)問題，測試方法直接、簡單(dan)、可靠，測試成本(ben)低廉。
本發(fa)(fa)明的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)及(ji)解(jie)決其主要技(ji)術問題是采用以(yi)下(xia)(xia)技(ji)術方案來實(shi)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)：一種(zhong)頁巖(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)井(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)損失氣(qi)解(jie)吸(xi)(xi)氣(qi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)方法(fa)，鉆井(jing)取(qu)(qu)(qu)芯(xin)(xin)時，取(qu)(qu)(qu)芯(xin)(xin)鉆頭(tou)切(qie)割頁巖(yan)(yan)(yan)后，巖(yan)(yan)(yan)心(xin)及(ji)泥漿逐(zhu)漸進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)到(dao)取(qu)(qu)(qu)心(xin)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)(zai)裝芯(xin)(xin)完成后，巖(yan)(yan)(yan)心(xin)全部進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)取(qu)(qu)(qu)芯(xin)(xin)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)時，通過(guo)取(qu)(qu)(qu)芯(xin)(xin)投(tou)球，觸發(fa)(fa)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)內(nei)(nei)微(wei)(wei)動開關傳感器(qi)(qi)，在(zai)(zai)控制(zhi)單(dan)元指令下(xia)(xia)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)芯(xin)(xin)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)內(nei)(nei)置(zhi)高(gao)壓(ya)微(wei)(wei)量(liang)恒(heng)流(liu)泵，將(jiang)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)腔(qiang)內(nei)(nei)液(ye)體不(bu)斷地(di)抽吸(xi)(xi)，通過(guo)排液(ye)管線泵入(ru)(ru)取(qu)(qu)(qu)芯(xin)(xin)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)下(xia)(xia)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)內(nei)(nei)，橡(xiang)膠(jiao)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)受壓(ya)后逐(zhu)漸膨(peng)脹，將(jiang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)心(xin)完全包住，直(zhi)至抱死，起到(dao)密(mi)封作(zuo)用，測(ce)(ce)試(shi)腔(qiang)內(nei)(nei)液(ye)體被高(gao)壓(ya)微(wei)(wei)量(liang)恒(heng)流(liu)泵抽吸(xi)(xi)，維持橡(xiang)膠(jiao)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)內(nei)(nei)壓(ya)力(li)20mpa，阻斷井(jing)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)泥漿進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)取(qu)(qu)(qu)芯(xin)(xin)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)，解(jie)吸(xi)(xi)氣(qi)通過(guo)隔板的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)孔進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)到(dao)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)腔(qiang)，通過(guo)腔(qiang)內(nei)(nei)液(ye)位傳感器(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)，計(ji)算測(ce)(ce)試(shi)腔(qiang)內(nei)(nei)部有效容積；巖(yan)(yan)(yan)心(xin)隨鉆桿提(ti)升，開始發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)解(jie)吸(xi)(xi)現(xian)象，腔(qiang)內(nei)(nei)壓(ya)力(li)傳感器(qi)(qi)記錄不(bu)同(tong)時段測(ce)(ce)試(shi)腔(qiang)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)力(li)變化情況并(bing)存(cun)儲數據(ju)直(zhi)至到(dao)地(di)面，這(zhe)樣即(ji)可獲得頁巖(yan)(yan)(yan)在(zai)(zai)井(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)隨時間的(de)(de)(de)解(jie)吸(xi)(xi)速率擬合曲線f(t)，對f(t)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行積分，即(ji)可獲得此巖(yan)(yan)(yan)心(xin)在(zai)(zai)整(zheng)個井(jing)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)解(jie)吸(xi)(xi)氣(qi)總量(liang)，此氣(qi)量(liang)即(ji)為該(gai)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)心(xin)在(zai)(zai)井(jing)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)損失氣(qi)量(liang)。
上述的一種(zhong)頁巖氣(qi)(qi)井中損失氣(qi)(qi)解(jie)吸氣(qi)(qi)量的測試(shi)方法，取(qu)芯筒(tong)被提至地面后(hou)，取(qu)出取(qu)芯投球，此時微動開關傳感器復位，控制單元發出指(zhi)令，電磁閥動作，對橡膠筒(tong)泄壓，取(qu)出巖心，即(ji)可(ke)進行(xing)下一步(bu)測試(shi)工作。
上(shang)(shang)述(shu)的(de)一種(zhong)頁巖(yan)氣井中損失氣解吸氣量(liang)(liang)的(de)測(ce)試方(fang)法所用的(de)裝(zhuang)置，包括取(qu)(qu)(qu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)筒和取(qu)(qu)(qu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鉆頭，取(qu)(qu)(qu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)筒有取(qu)(qu)(qu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)筒外壁(bi)(bi)和取(qu)(qu)(qu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)筒內(nei)壁(bi)(bi)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鉆頭上(shang)(shang)部取(qu)(qu)(qu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)筒內(nei)壁(bi)(bi)內(nei)依次安裝(zhuang)有橡膠筒、隔板(ban)、液(ye)位傳感器、高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)微(wei)量(liang)(liang)泵(beng)(beng)、控制單元、電(dian)池(chi)、取(qu)(qu)(qu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)投球，高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)微(wei)量(liang)(liang)恒(heng)流泵(beng)(beng)通(tong)過(guo)支架安裝(zhuang)在取(qu)(qu)(qu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)筒內(nei)壁(bi)(bi)內(nei)，支架上(shang)(shang)設有壓(ya)力傳感器，高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)微(wei)量(liang)(liang)恒(heng)流泵(beng)(beng)通(tong)過(guo)排(pai)液(ye)管線與電(dian)磁閥連(lian)接，高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)微(wei)量(liang)(liang)泵(beng)(beng)另一端設有吸入口，巖(yan)心筒隔板(ban)與取(qu)(qu)(qu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)筒內(nei)壁(bi)(bi)內(nei)形成測(ce)試腔；取(qu)(qu)(qu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)投球一側(ce)設有微(wei)動(dong)開關。
本發(fa)明與現有技術相比具(ju)有明顯(xian)的優點(dian)(dian)和(he)有益效果(guo)。由以(yi)上技術方案(an)可知(zhi)，本發(fa)明具(ju)有以(yi)下(xia)特點(dian)(dian)：
1、解(jie)決了頁(ye)巖含氣量測試(shi)損失氣量問題。原先(xian)的(de)各種測試(shi)，如(ru)美(mei)國usbm法均是(shi)在幾種假(jia)設(she)下，利用地(di)面(mian)獲得的(de)數(shu)據進行(xing)反推，數(shu)據準確性、可(ke)靠性、及時(shi)性均受到限(xian)制。
2、測(ce)試(shi)方(fang)法直接、簡單(dan)、可靠(kao)。在被測(ce)試(shi)巖心提出(chu)井筒時，直接測(ce)量而得，避免了后期繁瑣的試(shi)驗環(huan)節。
3、測(ce)試成(cheng)本低(di)廉。目前，利用國外(wai)的(de)巖(yan)心密閉測(ce)試方法，費用為(wei)一口井上百萬元，本發明可(ke)以應用可(ke)極大地降低(di)測(ce)試成(cheng)本。
附圖說明
圖(tu)1是本發(fa)明的結構示意圖(tu)。
圖中標記(ji)：1.取芯(xin)筒外壁，2.取芯(xin)投(tou)球，3.電池，4.控(kong)制單(dan)元，5.取芯(xin)筒內(nei)壁，6.高壓微量恒(heng)流泵，7.支架，8.吸入口，9.液位傳(chuan)感器(qi)，10.橡(xiang)膠筒，11.取芯(xin)鉆頭，12.隔板，13.排液管線，14.測試腔(qiang)，15.電磁閥，16.壓力傳(chuan)感器(qi)，17.微動開關(guan)。
具體實施方式
以下結合附圖(tu)和較(jiao)佳(jia)實(shi)施例，對依據本(ben)發(fa)明(ming)提出的(de)一(yi)種頁(ye)巖氣(qi)井中損失氣(qi)解(jie)吸(xi)氣(qi)量的(de)測(ce)試(shi)方法及其裝置(zhi)具體(ti)實(shi)施方式(shi)、特征及其功效，詳(xiang)細說明(ming)如后(hou)。
參見圖1，一種頁(ye)巖(yan)(yan)氣井(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)解(jie)吸(xi)氣量(liang)（損(sun)失氣）的(de)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)方法，鉆井(jing)(jing)取(qu)(qu)(qu)芯時(shi)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)芯鉆頭11切割頁(ye)巖(yan)(yan)后(hou)，巖(yan)(yan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)及泥漿(jiang)逐漸進(jin)(jin)入到(dao)取(qu)(qu)(qu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)，在裝芯完(wan)成后(hou)，巖(yan)(yan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)全部(bu)進(jin)(jin)入取(qu)(qu)(qu)芯筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)，通(tong)過(guo)取(qu)(qu)(qu)芯投球2，觸發(fa)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內微動開關17傳感器，在控制單元4指令下(xia)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)芯筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內置高壓微量(liang)恒流(liu)泵(beng)6，將測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)腔(qiang)14內液(ye)(ye)(ye)體不斷地抽吸(xi)，通(tong)過(guo)排液(ye)(ye)(ye)管線(xian)13泵(beng)入取(qu)(qu)(qu)芯筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)下(xia)端的(de)橡膠(jiao)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)10內，橡膠(jiao)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)10受壓后(hou)逐漸膨脹，將巖(yan)(yan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)完(wan)全包住，直至(zhi)抱死起(qi)到(dao)密封作用，測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)腔(qiang)14內液(ye)(ye)(ye)體被(bei)高壓微量(liang)恒流(liu)泵(beng)6抽吸(xi)，維持橡膠(jiao)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)10內壓力20mpa，阻(zu)斷井(jing)(jing)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)泥漿(jiang)進(jin)(jin)入取(qu)(qu)(qu)芯筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，通(tong)過(guo)腔(qiang)內液(ye)(ye)(ye)位傳感器9輸出，計算測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)腔(qiang)14內部(bu)有(you)效容積；巖(yan)(yan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)隨(sui)鉆桿提升，開始發(fa)生解(jie)吸(xi)現象，解(jie)吸(xi)氣通(tong)過(guo)隔板12的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)孔(kong)進(jin)(jin)入到(dao)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)腔(qiang)14，腔(qiang)內壓力傳感器16記錄不同時(shi)段測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)腔(qiang)內的(de)壓力變(bian)化情況并存儲數(shu)據直至(zhi)到(dao)地面，這樣(yang)即可(ke)獲(huo)得頁(ye)巖(yan)(yan)在井(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)隨(sui)時(shi)間的(de)解(jie)吸(xi)速率擬(ni)合曲線(xian)f(t)，對f(t)進(jin)(jin)行積分(fen)，即可(ke)獲(huo)得此巖(yan)(yan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)在整個井(jing)(jing)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)解(jie)吸(xi)氣總量(liang)，此氣量(liang)即為該巖(yan)(yan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)在井(jing)(jing)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)損(sun)失氣量(liang)。
上述(shu)的(de)一種頁巖氣(qi)井中損失氣(qi)解吸氣(qi)量的(de)測試(shi)方法，取芯筒被(bei)提(ti)至地面后，取出(chu)取芯投球2，此(ci)時微動(dong)開關17傳感器(qi)復(fu)位，控制單元4發(fa)出(chu)指令(ling)，電磁閥15動(dong)作，對橡膠筒10泄(xie)壓，取出(chu)巖心，即可進(jin)行下一步測試(shi)工作。
上述(shu)的(de)一(yi)(yi)種頁(ye)巖氣井中損失氣解吸(xi)氣量(liang)的(de)測試(shi)方法所(suo)用的(de)裝置(zhi)，包括取芯(xin)(xin)(xin)筒(tong)(tong)和取芯(xin)(xin)(xin)鉆(zhan)頭11，取芯(xin)(xin)(xin)筒(tong)(tong)有(you)(you)取芯(xin)(xin)(xin)筒(tong)(tong)外壁(bi)1和取芯(xin)(xin)(xin)筒(tong)(tong)內(nei)壁(bi)5，取芯(xin)(xin)(xin)鉆(zhan)頭11上部取芯(xin)(xin)(xin)筒(tong)(tong)內(nei)壁(bi)5內(nei)依次安裝有(you)(you)橡膠筒(tong)(tong)10、隔板(ban)12、液位傳感器(qi)9、高(gao)壓(ya)微量(liang)泵(beng)6、控制單元4、電池3、取芯(xin)(xin)(xin)投球(qiu)2，高(gao)壓(ya)微量(liang)恒(heng)流泵(beng)6通過(guo)支架7安裝在取芯(xin)(xin)(xin)筒(tong)(tong)內(nei)壁(bi)5內(nei)，支架7上設(she)(she)有(you)(you)壓(ya)力傳感器(qi)16，高(gao)壓(ya)微量(liang)恒(heng)流泵(beng)6通過(guo)排液管線13與(yu)電磁(ci)閥15連接，高(gao)壓(ya)微量(liang)泵(beng)6另一(yi)(yi)端設(she)(she)有(you)(you)吸(xi)入口8，巖心筒(tong)(tong)隔板(ban)12與(yu)取芯(xin)(xin)(xin)筒(tong)(tong)內(nei)壁(bi)5內(nei)形(xing)成測試(shi)腔14；取芯(xin)(xin)(xin)投球(qiu)2一(yi)(yi)側設(she)(she)有(you)(you)微動開(kai)關17。
需要強調的(de)(de)是：以(yi)上僅是本(ben)發明(ming)的(de)(de)較佳實施(shi)例(li)而已，并非(fei)對本(ben)發明(ming)作任(ren)何形式上的(de)(de)限制，凡是依據本(ben)發明(ming)的(de)(de)技術(shu)實質(zhi)對以(yi)上實施(shi)例(li)所作的(de)(de)任(ren)何簡單修改、等同變化與修飾，均仍屬(shu)于本(ben)發明(ming)技術(shu)方案的(de)(de)范圍內。