本發明涉(she)及(ji)一種環烷基原油的催化(hua)(hua)裂化(hua)(hua)油漿通過(guo)烷基化(hua)(hua)改(gai)性(xing)-沉(chen)降分離復合工藝制備中間相瀝青的方法,屬于(yu)重質油加工和新型碳(tan)材料制備交叉領(ling)域。
背景技術:
中間相(xiang)瀝青(qing)(qing)(qing)(mesophasepitch,簡(jian)稱mp)是(shi)(shi)以瀝青(qing)(qing)(qing)、重質(zhi)油、煤(mei)焦(jiao)油、高分子(zi)聚(ju)合物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)及(ji)其他芳(fang)(fang)(fang)香類化(hua)(hua)合物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)為原料(liao)經熱縮聚(ju)反應制(zhi)得或以芳(fang)(fang)(fang)香化(hua)(hua)合物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)為原料(liao)經催(cui)化(hua)(hua)縮合而成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)扁盤狀稠環芳(fang)(fang)(fang)烴(jing)組成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)混合物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),被公認是(shi)(shi)碳(tan)纖維、針(zhen)狀焦(jiao)、電極材(cai)(cai)料(liao)和泡(pao)沫炭(tan)等先進功(gong)能材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)優秀母(mu)體,這些功(gong)能性材(cai)(cai)料(liao)將(jiang)在國防工(gong)(gong)業、航空航天、尖端科技(ji)、日常生活等領域發揮巨(ju)大作用。石(shi)油煉(lian)化(hua)(hua)過程會產生一些富(fu)含芳(fang)(fang)(fang)烴(jing)的(de)(de)(de)副產物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),催(cui)化(hua)(hua)裂化(hua)(hua)(fcc)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)產生的(de)(de)(de)fcc油漿具(ju)有較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)c/h原子(zi)比,是(shi)(shi)制(zhi)備(bei)優質(zhi)碳(tan)質(zhi)中間相(xiang)瀝青(qing)(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)(de)理想原料(liao)。相(xiang)比目(mu)前(qian)(qian)國內外制(zhi)備(bei)碳(tan)纖維的(de)(de)(de)主要原料(liao)-聚(ju)丙(bing)烯(xi)腈(jing)等純芳(fang)(fang)(fang)烴(jing)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)而言,重質(zhi)油、石(shi)油瀝青(qing)(qing)(qing)等石(shi)油加工(gong)(gong)過程中產生的(de)(de)(de)副產物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)價格(ge)低廉、來源豐富(fu),因此石(shi)油基中間相(xiang)瀝青(qing)(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)備(bei)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)開發成(cheng)為目(mu)前(qian)(qian)國內外碳(tan)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)領域研究(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)熱點(dian)和重點(dian)。
中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)料(liao)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)和(he)(he)制(zhi)備(bei)(bei)工藝是決定中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)偏光(guang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)和(he)(he)分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)等性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵因素。烷(wan)(wan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)(hua)改(gai)(gai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)法指在原(yuan)料(liao)稠環(huan)芳烴分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)上接(jie)上烷(wan)(wan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)側鏈,改(gai)(gai)變(bian)原(yuan)料(liao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)組成,從(cong)而(er)調整(zheng)炭(tan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)反應(ying)速率,改(gai)(gai)變(bian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)烷(wan)(wan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)取代基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)量,最終達(da)到(dao)提(ti)高中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)流動(dong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、改(gai)(gai)善中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。korai等將(jiang)(jiang)煤(mei)焦油(you)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)與a240瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)制(zhi)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)進行比較(jiao)(jiao),發(fa)現(xian)a240瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)制(zhi)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)溶解(jie)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao),這(zhe)是由于(yu)其分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含(han)有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)烷(wan)(wan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)側鏈和(he)(he)環(huan)烷(wan)(wan)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou),分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)決定產(chan)品性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質,因而(er)a240瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)制(zhi)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)具有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各向(xiang)異性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)光(guang)學結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)。eser等將(jiang)(jiang)一種縮合度(du)較(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)用(yong)碘(dian)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)烷(wan)(wan)和(he)(he)碘(dian)乙(yi)烷(wan)(wan)進行烷(wan)(wan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)(hua)還原(yuan)改(gai)(gai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),分(fen)(fen)(fen)別得到(dao)了含(han)有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)乙(yi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氫化(hua)(hua)(hua)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing),氫化(hua)(hua)(hua)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)繼(ji)續炭(tan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)備(bei)(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),他發(fa)現(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各向(xiang)異性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)含(han)量和(he)(he)分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)體(ti)(ti)積隨甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)乙(yi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)引入量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同而(er)改(gai)(gai)變(bian),相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對比未經烷(wan)(wan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)(chu)理得到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing),經過烷(wan)(wan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)(hua)改(gai)(gai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)后(hou),各向(xiang)異性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)含(han)量提(ti)高,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)體(ti)(ti)積增大(da)。另外,korai等將(jiang)(jiang)萘和(he)(he)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)萘制(zhi)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)進行對比,認為甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)萘中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)光(guang)學結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)和(he)(he)晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)較(jiao)(jiao)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保留了部分(fen)(fen)(fen)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)。隨后(hou),kwang等對c9基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)進行研(yan)究,驗證了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)在可(ke)以降(jiang)低中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟化(hua)(hua)(hua)點、增加(jia)晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)特(te)征尺寸(cun)。greinke研(yan)究了輕質油(you)經過傅克烷(wan)(wan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)制(zhi)備(bei)(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)后(hou)得出(chu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)論,原(yuan)料(liao)脫烷(wan)(wan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)作(zuo)用(yong)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)主(zhu)要(yao)在炭(tan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)期(qi)縮合形成中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)揮作(zuo)用(yong),可(ke)以降(jiang)低體(ti)(ti)系(xi)粘度(du),起到(dao)溶劑作(zuo)用(yong)。mochida等對瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)喹啉不(bu)溶物(qi)烷(wan)(wan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)(hua)預處(chu)(chu)理后(hou)制(zhi)備(bei)(bei)出(chu)了石墨化(hua)(hua)(hua)程度(du)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)炭(tan)材(cai)料(liao)。由此可(ke)知,烷(wan)(wan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)(hua)改(gai)(gai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)法也是一種對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能進行改(gai)(gai)善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效方法。
沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)分(fen)(fen)離(li)法(fa)是(shi)指借助各向(xiang)(xiang)同性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)與各向(xiang)(xiang)異(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)間(jian)的(de)(de)密度(du)差異(yi)對(dui)兩(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)進行分(fen)(fen)離(li),各向(xiang)(xiang)同性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)會在反(fan)應器上部,而各向(xiang)(xiang)異(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)則(ze)會沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)在反(fan)應器下部,再(zai)通(tong)過物理切(qie)割方(fang)(fang)法(fa),實現(xian)炭化(hua)體系中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)各向(xiang)(xiang)同性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和各向(xiang)(xiang)異(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)離(li),通(tong)過沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)分(fen)(fen)離(li)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)可以(yi)有(you)效提(ti)(ti)高各向(xiang)(xiang)異(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)結(jie)構的(de)(de)含量(liang)。西班牙csic的(de)(de)研究(jiu)者(zhe)采用熱過濾方(fang)(fang)法(fa)對(dui)石油基(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)瀝(li)(li)青進行相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)分(fen)(fen)離(li),但是(shi)沒有(you)得(de)到(dao)理想的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)離(li)效果,之后研究(jiu)者(zhe)提(ti)(ti)出了(le)借助沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)法(fa)分(fen)(fen)離(li)石油基(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)瀝(li)(li)青中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)兩(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),并(bing)且對(dui)這種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)進行了(le)優化(hua),成(cheng)功得(de)到(dao)了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)含量(liang)達到(dao)97vol.%的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)瀝(li)(li)青,該產品易于紡制得(de)到(dao)具有(you)合理機械性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)碳纖維。沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)分(fen)(fen)離(li)法(fa)對(dui)設備(bei)要求(qiu)簡單,是(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)易于實現(xian)的(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)分(fen)(fen)離(li)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。由此可知,利用烷(wan)基(ji)化(hua)改(gai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)添加劑對(dui)原(yuan)料進行烷(wan)基(ji)化(hua)改(gai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和對(dui)產物或中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)產物進行沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)分(fen)(fen)離(li)均是(shi)提(ti)(ti)高中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)瀝(li)(li)青品質(zhi)的(de)(de)有(you)效手段(duan)。
原料fcc油(you)(you)漿的(de)餾(liu)分(fen)油(you)(you)分(fen)子(zi)量分(fen)布(bu)廣、結(jie)構(gou)組成復雜,只通過(guo)一(yi)步簡(jian)單的(de)工(gong)藝(yi)操作(zuo)難(nan)以達(da)到制(zhi)備(bei)高模量碳纖維(wei)前(qian)驅體中間相瀝青(qing)的(de)目的(de),因此,將(jiang)兩種或(huo)者多(duo)種工(gong)藝(yi)進行復合(he)是制(zhi)備(bei)優質中間相瀝青(qing)有效可行的(de)方(fang)法。本發明將(jiang)烷基化(hua)改性與沉降分(fen)離兩種工(gong)藝(yi)方(fang)法復合(he)制(zhi)備(bei)中間相瀝青(qing),可以達(da)到提(ti)高產品各向異(yi)性結(jie)構(gou)含量,降低軟化(hua)點,提(ti)高紡絲(si)性能(neng)的(de)目的(de)。
技術實現要素:
本發明(ming)的(de)目的(de)是(shi)提供一種(zhong)以(yi)環(huan)烷基(ji)原油催化裂(lie)化油漿中(zhong)(zhong)沸點(dian)在(zai)380~540℃之間(jian)的(de)餾分(fen)為原料(liao),經過烷基(ji)化改(gai)性-沉降分(fen)離復合工(gong)藝制備中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)相瀝青的(de)方法,以(yi)解(jie)決石油基(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)相瀝青軟化點(dian)高、紡(fang)絲性能差等問題。此方法工(gong)藝較簡(jian)單(dan),生(sheng)產成本低,所制得的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)相瀝青各向異性結構(gou)含量(liang)高,軟化點(dian)低,偏光(guang)下具有大流域(yu)型(xing)光(guang)學結構(gou),紡(fang)絲性能良好,是(shi)生(sheng)產高模(mo)量(liang)碳纖(xian)維(wei)的(de)優良前驅體。
本(ben)發(fa)明所(suo)述的(de)(de)一種fcc油(you)漿(jiang)烷(wan)基(ji)化(hua)改(gai)性-沉降分(fen)離(li)制備中間相(xiang)瀝青(qing)的(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa),其特征在于包括以下(xia)(xia)步驟:(1)將環(huan)烷(wan)基(ji)原油(you)催化(hua)裂化(hua)油(you)漿(jiang)經減壓(ya)蒸餾(liu),切取(qu)其沸點在380~540℃之間的(de)(de)餾(liu)分(fen)作為原料;(2)加入一定量的(de)(de)烷(wan)基(ji)化(hua)改(gai)性添(tian)加劑,在380~450℃,初始氮氣壓(ya)力(li)為5mpa下(xia)(xia),自生壓(ya)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)1~8h;(3)然(ran)后(hou)降溫(wen)至(zhi)260~350℃,常(chang)(chang)壓(ya)下(xia)(xia)用(yong)高純氮氣吹掃0.2~1.5h,得到(dao)改(gai)性油(you);(4)改(gai)性油(you)在400~480℃,壓(ya)力(li)4mpa下(xia)(xia),繼續反(fan)應(ying)(ying)2-12h,得到(dao)中間相(xiang)前(qian)(qian)驅體(ti);(5)之后(hou)中間相(xiang)前(qian)(qian)驅體(ti)在280~360℃,常(chang)(chang)壓(ya)下(xia)(xia)熱沉降0.5~3.5h,停止反(fan)應(ying)(ying),冷卻至(zhi)常(chang)(chang)溫(wen),反(fan)應(ying)(ying)器內產物分(fen)兩層(ceng),下(xia)(xia)層(ceng)即為所(suo)制備的(de)(de)高品質中間相(xiang)瀝青(qing)。
所述(shu)步(bu)驟(2)中,烷(wan)基化(hua)添加劑(ji)為(wei)聚(ju)丙烯酸,烷(wan)基化(hua)添加劑(ji)與原料(liao)加入(ru)量的質量比為(wei)0.05~~0.2:1;烷(wan)基化(hua)反應(ying)(ying)溫度為(wei)400~440℃,反應(ying)(ying)時(shi)間為(wei)2~4h。
所(suo)述(shu)步驟(3)中降溫至300~330℃,高(gao)純氮氣(qi)吹掃(sao)0.5~1h;吹掃(sao)反應釜所(suo)用高(gao)純氮氣(qi)的流(liu)量為80~150ml/(h·g)。
所述步驟(4)中反應溫度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)420~450℃,反應時間(jian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)4~10h;中間(jian)相前驅體(ti)的軟化點為(wei)(wei)(wei)210~250℃。
所述步驟(5)中(zhong)熱沉(chen)降溫度為310~350℃,熱沉(chen)降時間(jian)為1~2h。
本(ben)(ben)(ben)發(fa)(fa)明(ming)以環烷(wan)基(ji)原(yuan)油(you)催化裂化油(you)漿(jiang)的(de)(de)減壓餾分(fen)油(you)為原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao),原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)含有少量(liang)的(de)(de)烷(wan)基(ji)側鏈(lian)(lian)。在(zai)(zai)熱(re)縮聚(ju)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong),原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)烷(wan)基(ji)側鏈(lian)(lian)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)脫烷(wan)基(ji)反(fan)應(ying),產生(sheng)自(zi)(zi)由基(ji),促(cu)進(jin)(jin)了了小(xiao)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)縮聚(ju)形成(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)化合(he)物,有利于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)相瀝(li)(li)(li)青的(de)(de)形成(cheng)(cheng)。但當原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)含有過(guo)(guo)多的(de)(de)烷(wan)基(ji)取(qu)代(dai)基(ji)時,達到(dao)(dao)原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)裂化溫度(du)時,體系中(zhong)(zhong)產生(sheng)大(da)(da)量(liang)自(zi)(zi)由基(ji),使得縮合(he)反(fan)應(ying)速率(lv)加(jia)快(kuai),分(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)迅(xun)速增(zeng)加(jia),體系粘度(du)增(zeng)加(jia),流(liu)動性(xing)(xing)(xing)變差,導致形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)芳香化合(he)物來不及進(jin)(jin)行較(jiao)好的(de)(de)有序排列,進(jin)(jin)而使得生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)相瀝(li)(li)(li)青分(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)結構(gou)較(jiao)差,因而烷(wan)基(ji)化添加(jia)劑(ji)的(de)(de)選取(qu)和添加(jia)量(liang)對(dui)于(yu)優質中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)相瀝(li)(li)(li)青的(de)(de)形成(cheng)(cheng)尤為重要(yao)。本(ben)(ben)(ben)發(fa)(fa)明(ming)選用聚(ju)丙烯(xi)酸為烷(wan)基(ji)化添加(jia)劑(ji),在(zai)(zai)一定工(gong)藝(yi)條件下,對(dui)原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)進(jin)(jin)行烷(wan)基(ji)化改(gai)(gai)(gai)性(xing)(xing)(xing),適當增(zeng)加(jia)原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)烷(wan)基(ji)側鏈(lian)(lian)含量(liang),可以達到(dao)(dao)改(gai)(gai)(gai)善原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)結構(gou)組成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。經(jing)過(guo)(guo)烷(wan)基(ji)化改(gai)(gai)(gai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)后(hou)得到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)(gai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)油(you)繼續進(jin)(jin)行熱(re)縮聚(ju)反(fan)應(ying)得到(dao)(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)相前驅體,中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)相前驅體包含各(ge)向(xiang)同(tong)(tong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)結構(gou)和各(ge)向(xiang)異性(xing)(xing)(xing)結構(gou),是分(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)分(fen)布較(jiao)寬、分(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)結構(gou)組成(cheng)(cheng)不均一的(de)(de)復(fu)雜混合(he)物,本(ben)(ben)(ben)發(fa)(fa)明(ming)采用沉降分(fen)離(li)方法對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)相前驅體進(jin)(jin)行分(fen)離(li),根據兩相之間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)存在(zai)(zai)密度(du)差,各(ge)向(xiang)異性(xing)(xing)(xing)相沉積在(zai)(zai)反(fan)應(ying)釜(fu)(fu)下部,各(ge)向(xiang)同(tong)(tong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)相則在(zai)(zai)反(fan)應(ying)釜(fu)(fu)上部,通過(guo)(guo)分(fen)層處(chu)理,便得到(dao)(dao)了高各(ge)向(xiang)異性(xing)(xing)(xing)結構(gou)含量(liang)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)相瀝(li)(li)(li)青。
本發明的方(fang)法與已有技(ji)術相比具有以下優點:
1、本發明采(cai)用的(de)原料(liao)為fcc油漿中沸點在380~540℃之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)餾(liu)分(fen)油,富含芳香化(hua)合物,同時不含有影響中間(jian)相液(ye)晶結構形成(cheng)與發展的(de)催化(hua)劑等(deng)固體(ti)雜質,提高(gao)了中間(jian)相瀝青的(de)紡(fang)絲性能;
2、烷基化添加劑聚丙(bing)烯(xi)酸(suan)可(ke)以有效改善原(yuan)料(liao)結構組成(cheng)(cheng),形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)有利于中間相結構形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)與發展的改性油,并且聚丙(bing)烯(xi)酸(suan)用量少,節約(yue)了成(cheng)(cheng)本;
3、本發明采用烷基化(hua)改性-沉降分(fen)離復合的(de)工(gong)藝可以有效解決中間相瀝青(qing)產品(pin)各向異性結構(gou)含(han)量低、軟化(hua)點高和組成不(bu)均(jun)一的(de)問題,提高了(le)產品(pin)的(de)紡絲(si)性能。
具體實施方式
下面結(jie)合實(shi)施例(li)進一步敘(xu)述本發明(ming)所提(ti)供的(de)以(yi)環烷(wan)基原油的(de)催化裂化油漿經(jing)減壓蒸餾得到的(de)沸點在380~540℃之間(jian)的(de)餾分為原料(liao)制(zhi)備中間(jian)相瀝青的(de)方法(fa)。
實施例1:
將(jiang)渤海(hai)油(you)(you)田的(de)環烷基原油(you)(you)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)裂化(hua)(hua)油(you)(you)漿減壓(ya)餾分油(you)(you)300g和15g(原料加入(ru)量的(de)5wt%)聚丙烯(xi)酸(suan)加入(ru)到(dao)容積為(wei)500ml不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)高(gao)壓(ya)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)釜中;通(tong)入(ru)高(gao)純氮氣(qi)吹(chui)掃置換釜內空氣(qi),繼續充(chong)入(ru)氮氣(qi)至(zhi)5mpa初壓(ya),啟動(dong)攪拌,轉速為(wei)500r/min,升溫到(dao)380℃,自(zi)升壓(ya)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)5h,然后釋放壓(ya)力(li)至(zhi)常壓(ya),降溫至(zhi)300℃,使(shi)用流(liu)量為(wei)100ml/(h·g)的(de)高(gao)純氮氣(qi)吹(chui)掃0.5h,得(de)到(dao)改(gai)性油(you)(you);繼續升溫至(zhi)440℃,轉速500r/min,自(zi)升壓(ya)至(zhi)4mpa,恒(heng)溫恒(heng)壓(ya)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)6h,得(de)到(dao)軟(ruan)化(hua)(hua)點為(wei)221℃的(de)中間相(xiang)前驅體;之后降溫至(zhi)320℃,常壓(ya)下沉降2h,反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)器內產物(wu)分兩層,下層即為(wei)各向異性結(jie)構(gou)(gou)含量為(wei)98%、偏光下為(wei)大流(liu)域型光學結(jie)構(gou)(gou)的(de)中間相(xiang)瀝青,其軟(ruan)化(hua)(hua)點為(wei)237℃,h/c原子比(bi)為(wei)0.52,殘炭值(zhi)為(wei)75.2%,紡絲溫度為(wei)335℃時,拉伸(shen)強度可達2.72gpa。
中(zhong)間相瀝青的(de)光學結(jie)構和各向異性結(jie)構含量通過偏(pian)光顯微鏡和巖石(shi)圖像分(fen)析軟(ruan)件得到;軟(ruan)化點采用(yong)常規針(zhen)入法測(ce)(ce)定;產品(pin)的(de)c、h元(yuan)(yuan)素含量采用(yong)ep公司pe-2400serieshchn元(yuan)(yuan)素分(fen)析儀測(ce)(ce)定;殘炭采用(yong)傳(chuan)統電爐法測(ce)(ce)定(sh/t0170-92);紡(fang)絲(si)性能采用(yong)國產單螺桿紡(fang)絲(si)機進行測(ce)(ce)定。
實施例2:
將渤海油田的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)烷基原油催化裂(lie)化油漿減壓餾(liu)分(fen)油260g和52g(原料加入(ru)(ru)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)20wt%)聚丙烯酸(suan)加入(ru)(ru)到(dao)容積為(wei)500ml不銹鋼高(gao)壓反(fan)應(ying)釜(fu)中(zhong);通入(ru)(ru)高(gao)純氮(dan)氣吹掃置換釜(fu)內(nei)空氣,繼續(xu)充入(ru)(ru)氮(dan)氣至5mpa初壓,啟動攪(jiao)拌(ban),轉(zhuan)速(su)為(wei)500r/min,升(sheng)溫到(dao)450℃,自升(sheng)壓反(fan)應(ying)1.5h,然(ran)后釋放壓力至常壓,降(jiang)溫至320℃,使用流(liu)(liu)量為(wei)100ml/(h·g)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)純氮(dan)氣吹掃0.3h,得到(dao)改性油;繼續(xu)升(sheng)溫至460℃,轉(zhuan)速(su)500r/min,自升(sheng)壓至4mpa,恒溫恒壓反(fan)應(ying)4h,得到(dao)軟化點為(wei)233℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)間(jian)相前驅體;之后降(jiang)溫至320℃,常壓下沉降(jiang)2h,反(fan)應(ying)器內(nei)產物分(fen)兩層(ceng),下層(ceng)即(ji)為(wei)各向(xiang)異性結(jie)構含(han)量為(wei)98%、偏光下為(wei)大流(liu)(liu)域(yu)型光學結(jie)構的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)間(jian)相瀝(li)青,其軟化點為(wei)243℃,h/c原子比為(wei)0.49,殘炭值(zhi)為(wei)74.5%,紡絲(si)溫度(du)為(wei)338℃時,拉伸強度(du)可達(da)2.69gpa。
實施例3:
將渤海油(you)(you)田的環烷基原油(you)(you)催化裂化油(you)(you)漿減壓(ya)(ya)餾分油(you)(you)300g和24g(原料(liao)加入量的8wt%)聚丙烯酸加入到(dao)容積為500ml不銹鋼高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)反應(ying)(ying)釜(fu)(fu)中(zhong);通入高(gao)純氮氣(qi)吹掃(sao)置換(huan)釜(fu)(fu)內空氣(qi),繼續充(chong)入氮氣(qi)至(zhi)(zhi)5mpa初壓(ya)(ya),啟動攪拌,轉速為500r/min,升(sheng)溫(wen)到(dao)430℃,自升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)反應(ying)(ying)3h,然(ran)后釋(shi)放(fang)壓(ya)(ya)力至(zhi)(zhi)常(chang)壓(ya)(ya),降溫(wen)至(zhi)(zhi)300℃,使用流量為100ml/(h·g)的高(gao)純氮氣(qi)吹掃(sao)0.5h,得(de)(de)到(dao)改(gai)性油(you)(you);繼續升(sheng)溫(wen)至(zhi)(zhi)440℃,轉速500r/min,自升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)至(zhi)(zhi)4mpa,恒溫(wen)恒壓(ya)(ya)反應(ying)(ying)6h,得(de)(de)到(dao)軟化點為227℃的中(zhong)間相前驅(qu)體;之(zhi)后降溫(wen)至(zhi)(zhi)320℃,常(chang)壓(ya)(ya)下(xia)沉降2h,反應(ying)(ying)器內產物分兩層,下(xia)層即為各(ge)向異性結構含(han)量為99%、偏光下(xia)為大流域型光學結構的中(zhong)間相瀝青(qing),其(qi)軟化點為240℃,h/c原子比為0.51,殘(can)炭值為76.3%,紡(fang)絲(si)溫(wen)度為338℃時,拉伸(shen)強度可達2.85gpa。