本發(fa)明涉及工業爐窯供熱設備,具體涉及一(yi)種(zhong)多燃燒器(qi)穩定供熱的(de)方法,屬于(yu)工業爐窯供熱。
背景技術:
1、工業爐(lu)窯(yao)很重要,應用廣泛,主要功能是供熱。一般單(dan)窯(yao)的(de)功率(lv)很大(da),但(dan)燒(shao)嘴的(de)功率(lv)很小,因此單(dan)個(ge)(ge)爐(lu)窯(yao)會安裝(zhuang)多個(ge)(ge)燒(shao)嘴。單(dan)窯(yao)的(de)功率(lv)變(bian)化很大(da),處(chu)理量(liang),上(shang)下游波動,如何迅速迅速準(zhun)確的(de)調節功率(lv)成為難題。
2、現(xian)有技術(shu)通(tong)過調節(jie)(jie)(jie)單(dan)個(ge)(ge)燒嘴(zui)(zui)的(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv),實現(xian)整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)爐窯功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)調節(jie)(jie)(jie)。窯膛功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)10%,則調節(jie)(jie)(jie)單(dan)燒嘴(zui)(zui)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)10%。這樣(yang)的(de)好(hao)處(chu)是,控制邏輯簡單(dan),容易實現(xian)。缺(que)點是:單(dan)燒嘴(zui)(zui)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)調節(jie)(jie)(jie)范(fan)圍很小,不(bu)能滿足(zu)爐窯功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)大幅度調節(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)要求。此外,燒嘴(zui)(zui)在設(she)計(ji)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)下,燒嘴(zui)(zui)有最大的(de)燃燒效率(lv)(lv)(lv)和最低(di)的(de)污染(ran)物排(pai)放,偏離設(she)計(ji)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv),燒嘴(zui)(zui)的(de)熱效率(lv)(lv)(lv)會下降,污染(ran)物排(pai)放也會增加(jia),偏離了適(shi)宜工作范(fan)圍(p-,p+),燒嘴(zui)(zui)熱效率(lv)(lv)(lv)會顯著降低(di),污染(ran)物排(pai)放也會顯著增加(jia)(參見圖2)。
3、典型的工業爐窯整個(ge)爐膛根(gen)據(ju)工藝溫度的不(bu)同劃分為若干不(bu)同的供(gong)熱(re)子區域,每個(ge)供(gong)熱(re)子區域內設置若干個(ge)相互獨立(li)或不(bu)獨立(li)的燃燒器(參見附圖(tu)1所示)。其控制流程一(yi)般如下(xia):
4、(1)根(gen)據(ju)爐(lu)膛(tang)(tang)(tang)生產實際要求(如產量等)確定(ding)爐(lu)膛(tang)(tang)(tang)總(zong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。(2)根(gen)據(ju)爐(lu)膛(tang)(tang)(tang)總(zong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)確定(ding)爐(lu)膛(tang)(tang)(tang)各子(zi)(zi)區(qu)域(yu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。(3)根(gen)據(ju)爐(lu)膛(tang)(tang)(tang)子(zi)(zi)區(qu)域(yu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),確定(ding)單(dan)(dan)(dan)個燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。(4)根(gen)據(ju)單(dan)(dan)(dan)個燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),確定(ding)單(dan)(dan)(dan)個燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)和空氣(qi)(qi)流量目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi).(5)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)單(dan)(dan)(dan)個燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)和空氣(qi)(qi)流量至(zhi)目(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。確定(ding)爐(lu)膛(tang)(tang)(tang)總(zong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv),分(fen)解到各個子(zi)(zi)區(qu)域(yu)供熱功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv),分(fen)解到單(dan)(dan)(dan)個燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv),調(diao)(diao)節(jie)燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)。該調(diao)(diao)解策(ce)略存在(zai)的(de)(de)不足包(bao)括:①調(diao)(diao)節(jie)范(fan)圍(wei)有(you)限;②工況不穩定(ding),偏離燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)最(zui)佳工況,燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)效率(lv)(lv)低、污染排放(fang)大。
技術實現思路
1、針對現有(you)工業爐(lu)窯加(jia)熱(re)功率調節(jie)方(fang)法的(de)上述缺陷,本發(fa)明提供了一種多燃(ran)燒器(qi)穩定(ding)供熱(re)的(de)方(fang)法,可(ke)以有(you)效的(de)改善(shan)傳(chuan)統的(de)工業爐(lu)窯加(jia)熱(re)功率可(ke)調節(jie)范圍過小、調節(jie)精度差且燃(ran)燒效率低(di)、工況不(bu)穩定(ding)的(de)問題,從(cong)而(er)實現工業爐(lu)窯加(jia)熱(re)功率的(de)大范圍、迅速(su)精確調節(jie),并保(bao)持燃(ran)燒工況始終處于最佳狀態。
2、為實現(xian)上述(shu)技術(shu)目的,本(ben)發明所(suo)采用的技術(shu)方案如下(xia)所(suo)述(shu):
3、一種多燃燒器穩定供熱的方(fang)法,該方(fang)法包括(kuo)以下步驟:
4、1)在(zai)任選的(de)(de)工業爐窯(yao)內(nei)(nei),將工業爐窯(yao)的(de)(de)爐膛分為若干個(ge)(ge)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)區(qu),在(zai)每個(ge)(ge)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)區(qu)內(nei)(nei)均(jun)設置有(you)多個(ge)(ge)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)器(qi)。在(zai)同(tong)一(yi)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)區(qu)內(nei)(nei),任意一(yi)個(ge)(ge)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)器(qi)的(de)(de)軸線(xian)與(yu)其他(ta)至少一(yi)個(ge)(ge)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)器(qi)的(de)(de)軸線(xian)在(zai)該燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)區(qu)內(nei)(nei)具有(you)交點(dian)。
5、2)根據各(ge)(ge)個燃燒區各(ge)(ge)自的功率(lv)目標值確(que)定各(ge)(ge)個燃燒區內各(ge)(ge)自燃燒器(qi)的脈(mo)沖燃燒參數,并控制各(ge)(ge)個燃燒器(qi)對(dui)所處(chu)燃燒區進(jin)行燃燒供熱(re)。
6、作為優選(xuan),步(bu)驟2)包括:
7、201)根據(ju)工業爐窯的總(zong)功(gong)率目(mu)標(biao)值確定各個燃燒區(qu)各自的功(gong)率目(mu)標(biao)值。
8、202)在(zai)任(ren)意(yi)一(yi)個燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)區內,根據該燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)區的(de)功率目標值(zhi)確定該燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)區的(de)最(zui)小脈沖周期、應出勤(qin)(qin)的(de)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)器(qi)數(shu)量、單個燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)器(qi)的(de)出勤(qin)(qin)時(shi)長以及前后(hou)開啟的(de)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)器(qi)之間的(de)開啟間隙。
9、203)將(jiang)應出勤的(de)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)器依次(ci)排序后在最小脈沖周期內根據單個燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)器的(de)出勤時長和前后開(kai)啟的(de)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)器之間的(de)開(kai)啟間隙依次(ci)按序循(xun)環啟停燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)器進行(xing)(xing)脈沖燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)供(gong)熱(re)。當該燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)區需要再(zai)次(ci)進行(xing)(xing)供(gong)熱(re)時,重復步驟201)~203)。
10、作為優選,所述最小(xiao)脈沖周期為任(ren)意一個燃(ran)燒區內溫(wen)度(du)滿(man)足工(gong)況要求后,從停(ting)止供(gong)熱至該燃(ran)燒區內溫(wen)度(du)開始(shi)顯著下降所需時間。
11、作為優選,最(zui)小脈(mo)沖周期(qi)為200~800s,優選為300~600s。
12、作為(wei)優選,在任意(yi)一個(ge)燃(ran)(ran)燒區內(nei)設置(zhi)有(you)n個(ge)燃(ran)(ran)燒器(qi),單個(ge)燃(ran)(ran)燒器(qi)的額定功率記為(wei)psn,w。設定所述燃(ran)(ran)燒區的功率目標值記為(wei)pct,w。則有(you):
13、pcn=n×psn??????(1)
14、cp=pct/pcn??????(2)
15、在式(1)-(2)中,n為大于1的整數(shu)。pcn為所述燃燒區的最大額定功率,w。cp為功率系數(shu)。
16、則應出(chu)勤(qin)的燃燒(shao)器數量n為:
17、n=cp×n??????(3)。
18、作為優選,在任(ren)意(yi)一個燃燒(shao)區內(nei),應出(chu)勤的(de)燃燒(shao)器中單個燃燒(shao)器的(de)出(chu)勤時長記(ji)為t,s。則(ze)有:
19、t=tm×c??????(4)
20、c=cp/k?????(5)
21、在(zai)式(4)-(5)中,tm為所述燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)區的最(zui)小脈沖周期,s。c為應(ying)出(chu)勤(qin)(qin)的燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)器中單個燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)器在(zai)最(zui)小脈沖周期內的占空比。k為單個燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)器在(zai)最(zui)小脈沖周期內的出(chu)勤(qin)(qin)率(即k=n/n)。
22、作為(wei)優(you)選,在任意(yi)一(yi)個燃燒(shao)區的最(zui)小脈沖(chong)周期內,應出勤的燃燒(shao)器中前后開(kai)啟(qi)的燃燒(shao)器之間的開(kai)啟(qi)間隙(xi)記為(wei)ts,s。則(ze)有:
23、ts=tm/n??????(6)。
24、在(zai)式(6)中,tm為所(suo)述燃燒區的最小(xiao)脈(mo)沖周(zhou)期,s。
25、作(zuo)為優選,在單個最小脈沖周期內(nei),設定所(suo)述(shu)燃燒區(qu)的實際功率記為pcs,w。則(ze)有:
26、pcs×tm=psn×n×t??????(7)
27、結合式(1)和(he)式(7)則有:
28、pcs=pcn×n/n×t/tm??????(8)
29、為使得(de)所述燃燒區的(de)功率目標值(zhi)與其實際功率相(xiang)等,即(ji)pct=pcs,則(ze)有(you):
30、cp=n/n×t/tm??????(9)
31、在式(shi)(7)-(9)中,tm為(wei)所(suo)述(shu)燃(ran)(ran)燒區的(de)(de)最(zui)小脈沖周期,s。t為(wei)應出勤的(de)(de)燃(ran)(ran)燒器中單(dan)個燃(ran)(ran)燒器的(de)(de)出勤時長s。
32、作為優選,在任(ren)意(yi)一個燃(ran)燒(shao)區的(de)(de)最小(xiao)脈(mo)沖周期內,在滿(man)足所述燃(ran)燒(shao)區的(de)(de)功率(lv)目標值與其(qi)實(shi)際功率(lv)相等的(de)(de)前(qian)提下,應出勤(qin)的(de)(de)燃(ran)燒(shao)器數量n為:
33、n=cp×n×tm/t??????(10)
34、由(you)于(yu)tm≥t,則(ze)n≥cp×n,則(ze)n的最小取值(zhi)為:
35、
36、在(zai)式(11)中,為向上取整(zheng)符號。
37、作為(wei)優選,在(zai)(zai)同一燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)區(qu)內,為(wei)使得(de)前(qian)后(hou)開(kai)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)器中后(hou)開(kai)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)器能(neng)夠被在(zai)(zai)前(qian)開(kai)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)器穩定點(dian)燃(ran)(ran),則(ze)在(zai)(zai)后(hou)開(kai)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)器的(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)線與其(qi)在(zai)(zai)前(qian)開(kai)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)器的(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)線在(zai)(zai)該燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)區(qu)內具有(you)交點(dian),并且要求(qiu)ts≥t,則(ze)有(you):
38、ts=tm/n≥cp×n×tm/n??????(12)
39、為使得式(12)成立,則有:
40、cp≥1/n??????(13)。
41、作為優選,所述燃(ran)燒器為氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體燃(ran)燒器,包括燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)、第(di)(di)一空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)、第(di)(di)二(er)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)、燒嘴磚以及火(huo)道(dao)(dao)。燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)的(de)進氣(qi)(qi)(qi)端(duan)設(she)置有燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)進口(kou),其出氣(qi)(qi)(qi)端(duan)與設(she)置在燒嘴磚內的(de)火(huo)道(dao)(dao)相連通(tong)。第(di)(di)一空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)套設(she)在燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)的(de)外部(bu),第(di)(di)二(er)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)套設(she)在第(di)(di)一空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)的(de)外部(bu),第(di)(di)一空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)和第(di)(di)二(er)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)的(de)出氣(qi)(qi)(qi)端(duan)均(jun)與火(huo)道(dao)(dao)相連通(tong)。
42、在燃(ran)氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)內(nei)還設置(zhi)有管(guan)(guan)(guan)芯。該管(guan)(guan)(guan)芯的(de)(de)一(yi)端(duan)伸出至燃(ran)氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)外(wai),其另一(yi)端(duan)沿燃(ran)氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)中心軸線延(yan)伸至燃(ran)氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)出氣(qi)口處并與(yu)設置(zhi)在火(huo)道(dao)(dao)內(nei)的(de)(de)鈍(dun)體(ti)相(xiang)連接。
43、第(di)一(yi)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)和(he)第(di)二空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)的(de)進(jin)氣(qi)(qi)段(duan)合并為進(jin)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan),在(zai)進(jin)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)內(nei)設置(zhi)有空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)調(diao)節(jie)活動閥(fa)板(ban)(ban),通過(guo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)調(diao)節(jie)活動閥(fa)板(ban)(ban)調(diao)節(jie)進(jin)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)的(de)出(chu)氣(qi)(qi)口(kou)與第(di)一(yi)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)和(he)第(di)二空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)各(ge)自進(jin)氣(qi)(qi)口(kou)之間(jian)連通面積的(de)大小。在(zai)第(di)一(yi)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)的(de)出(chu)氣(qi)(qi)口(kou)端還設置(zhi)有旋流(liu)葉片。
44、作為(wei)優選,在任意一(yi)個燃(ran)氣(qi)區內,采用具有燃(ran)氣(qi)和(he)助燃(ran)氣(qi)預混功能的平焰(yan)燒(shao)嘴對第一(yi)個啟動的燃(ran)燒(shao)器進行點(dian)火。
45、在(zai)(zai)(zai)本發明中,為改善傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)業(ye)爐(lu)(lu)窯加熱功率(lv)可調(diao)節范圍過小、調(diao)節精(jing)度(du)差(cha)且燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)效率(lv)低(di)、工(gong)況不穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題,從(cong)而(er)實(shi)現工(gong)業(ye)爐(lu)(lu)窯加熱功率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)范圍、迅速精(jing)確(que)調(diao)節,并保(bao)持燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)況始終(zhong)處于(yu)最佳狀態的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。本發明對(dui)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)業(ye)爐(lu)(lu)窯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構進(jin)行優(you)化(hua)設(she)(she)計(ji),其主要由爐(lu)(lu)膛(tang)、燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)器(即工(gong)業(ye)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)(zui))、開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)閥(fa)和空(kong)燃(ran)氣(qi)管(guan)路(lu)等四(si)部(bu)分組成。爐(lu)(lu)膛(tang)本體根據工(gong)藝溫(wen)度(du)不同,劃分為不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供熱子(zi)區(qu)域(yu)(即燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)區(qu))。各子(zi)區(qu)域(yu)對(dui)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爐(lu)(lu)墻上(shang)設(she)(she)置(zhi)有(you)若干獨立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)業(ye)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)(zui)。同一(yi)供熱子(zi)區(qu)域(yu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軸線設(she)(she)置(zhi)為交匯于(yu)子(zi)區(qu)域(yu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)某點,以實(shi)現燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)(zui)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相互點火。各工(gong)業(ye)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)(zui)與(yu)空(kong)燃(ran)氣(qi)源(yuan)之間采用單獨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)管(guan)相連,各支(zhi)管(guan)上(shang)設(she)(she)置(zhi)有(you)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)閥(fa),通(tong)(tong)過開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)閥(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)啟(qi)(qi)和關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi),實(shi)現對(dui)應(ying)(ying)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)(zui)空(kong)燃(ran)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接通(tong)(tong)和關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi),從(cong)而(er)實(shi)現各個(ge)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)啟(qi)(qi)和關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)。工(gong)作過程中,通(tong)(tong)過周期性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)啟(qi)(qi)或關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)閥(fa),實(shi)現對(dui)應(ying)(ying)工(gong)業(ye)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)(zui)周期性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)啟(qi)(qi)和關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)。通(tong)(tong)過調(diao)整單個(ge)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)(zui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)個(ge)周期中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)啟(qi)(qi)和關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)時間占(zhan)比,實(shi)現對(dui)單個(ge)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)(zui)功率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)整。例如,在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)個(ge)周期tm內(nei)(nei)(nei),燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)啟(qi)(qi)時間占(zhan)比為(c×tm),則(ze)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)(zui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)該周期內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際功率(lv)即為(c×psn),其中psn是(shi)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)(zui)開(kai)(kai)啟(qi)(qi)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定功率(lv),c是(shi)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)(zui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)周期tm內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)空(kong)比。
46、需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)說明的是,由(you)于(yu)頻繁(fan)的開啟和(he)關閉(bi)燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)對(dui)燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)的穩定(ding)(ding)點(dian)火(huo)。在爐(lu)(lu)膛(tang)溫度(du)高于(yu)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)著(zhu)火(huo)上(shang)限時(shi)(對(dui)于(yu)氣體燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)一(yi)般為600~900℃),爐(lu)(lu)膛(tang)自身的高溫可(ke)以使噴入的燃(ran)氣穩定(ding)(ding)著(zhu)火(huo)。但當(dang)爐(lu)(lu)膛(tang)溫度(du)低(di)于(yu)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)著(zhu)火(huo)溫度(du)時(shi)(爐(lu)(lu)膛(tang)剛開機升溫過(guo)程(cheng)或爐(lu)(lu)膛(tang)空料(liao)(liao)低(di)功(gong)率待機過(guo)程(cheng)),需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)考慮燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)點(dian)火(huo)問題。為此,本發(fa)明中燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)設置成同一(yi)供(gong)熱(re)子區域內燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)軸線相互交匯,從而實現(xian)燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)間的相互點(dian)火(huo)。只要(yao)(yao)在控制策略上(shang),保證(zheng)前(qian)后投(tou)入燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)的燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)在時(shi)間上(shang)有重合,就可(ke)以保證(zheng)在爐(lu)(lu)膛(tang)溫度(du)低(di)于(yu)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)著(zhu)火(huo)溫度(du)的情況下,依(yi)然可(ke)以穩定(ding)(ding)的點(dian)火(huo)。
47、在本發明(ming)中,為實現爐(lu)膛(tang)功率的(de)大范圍調(diao)(diao)(diao)節,并實現爐(lu)膛(tang)各區(qu)(qu)域內(nei)的(de)精(jing)準、均勻供(gong)熱,同時保(bao)證燒嘴永遠處于最優(you)的(de)燃燒效(xiao)率和最低的(de)排放效(xiao)率,同時還保(bao)證在爐(lu)膛(tang)溫(wen)度(du)低于燃料燃燒溫(wen)度(du)的(de)極端情況下實現穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)點火(huo)和燃燒,本發明(ming)在進行燃燒供(gong)熱時對工業爐(lu)窯的(de)爐(lu)膛(tang)進行分區(qu)(qu)單獨調(diao)(diao)(diao)節的(de)策略(lve),具體(ti)的(de)功率調(diao)(diao)(diao)節過程(cheng)包(bao)括:全局控制調(diao)(diao)(diao)節、區(qu)(qu)域控制調(diao)(diao)(diao)節以(yi)及燃燒策略(lve)控制等。
48、在本發明(ming)(ming)中,如圖4所示,全局控制(zhi)調(diao)節包(bao)括(kuo):1)先根據(ju)爐(lu)膛(tang)(tang)生產實際要求(qiu)(如產量等)確定(ding)(ding)爐(lu)膛(tang)(tang)的總功(gong)率(lv)(lv)目(mu)標值;2)然后(hou)根據(ju)爐(lu)膛(tang)(tang)總功(gong)率(lv)(lv)確定(ding)(ding)爐(lu)膛(tang)(tang)各(ge)子區域(燃燒區)的分功(gong)率(lv)(lv)目(mu)標值;3)最后(hou)調(diao)節各(ge)子區域的分功(gong)率(lv)(lv)至(zhi)目(mu)標值。需要說明(ming)(ming)的是,各(ge)子區域的分功(gong)率(lv)(lv)目(mu)標之和即(ji)為(wei)爐(lu)膛(tang)(tang)的總功(gong)率(lv)(lv)目(mu)標值;此外,各(ge)子區域的分功(gong)率(lv)(lv)目(mu)標值可相同(tong)或不相同(tong),根據(ju)實際工(gong)業爐(lu)窯的結構、具(ju)體工(gong)況等的變化而進行(xing)適應性調(diao)整即(ji)可。
49、在本發明中,如圖5所示,區(qu)(qu)域(yu)控制調(diao)節(jie)包括:1):確定各(ge)子(zi)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)的(de)(de)功(gong)率(lv)目(mu)標值;2)根(gen)據各(ge)子(zi)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)功(gong)率(lv)目(mu)標值,確定燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)器的(de)(de)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)參(can)數(shu)(shu);3)根(gen)據脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)參(can)數(shu)(shu),控制燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)進(jin)行脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)供熱(按(an)序間(jian)斷燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)供熱);4)啟動燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)的(de)(de)指(zhi)針(zhen)向(xiang)后移動一(yi)位(wei)(wei)(指(zhi)針(zhen)指(zhi)向(xiang)的(de)(de)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)需(xu)(xu)要進(jin)行開啟動作,此處向(xiang)后移動的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)是(shi)當需(xu)(xu)要啟動燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)時,指(zhi)針(zhen)立刻前(qian)進(jin)一(yi)位(wei)(wei)指(zhi)向(xiang)第一(yi)個需(xu)(xu)要啟動的(de)(de)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),進(jin)而系統(tong)自動對第一(yi)個燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)進(jin)行點火(huo)啟動);5)判斷啟動燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)的(de)(de)指(zhi)針(zhen)是(shi)否重新回到(dao)起點(即循環次數(shu)(shu)是(shi)否超過n,n為燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)),如果不是(shi),轉步驟(zou)3);如果是(shi),則結束。
50、在本(ben)發明中(zhong),如圖(tu)6所示,燃燒(shao)(shao)策(ce)略控制包括(kuo):最小脈沖周期(qi)(tm)的(de)(de)確(que)定、實際出勤的(de)(de)燒(shao)(shao)嘴個數(n)的(de)(de)確(que)定、單個燒(shao)(shao)嘴在單個最小脈沖周期(qi)內(nei)的(de)(de)工作時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(t)的(de)(de)確(que)定以及相鄰燒(shao)(shao)嘴間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)開啟間(jian)(jian)隙(ts)的(de)(de)確(que)定等。
51、在(zai)(zai)本(ben)發明中(zhong),tm=(temp);其中(zhong)temp是爐(lu)(lu)膛(tang)溫度(du)(du)(du),f(temp)的具體(ti)形(xing)式可以通過爐(lu)(lu)膛(tang)熱(re)態試(shi)(shi)驗數據(ju)擬(ni)合(he)獲(huo)得(de)(de)。具體(ti)的,將(jiang)爐(lu)(lu)膛(tang)升溫至特定(ding)溫度(du)(du)(du)temp后,停止(zhi)向(xiang)爐(lu)(lu)膛(tang)供(gong)熱(re),記錄從(cong)停止(zhi)供(gong)熱(re)到爐(lu)(lu)膛(tang)溫度(du)(du)(du)開始顯(xian)著(zhu)下(xia)(xia)降所(suo)需的時(shi)間(jian)即(ji)為tm,測試(shi)(shi)不同temp下(xia)(xia)的tm,獲(huo)得(de)(de)一系列temp~tm點,采用數值擬(ni)合(he)方(fang)法,便(bian)可獲(huo)得(de)(de)f(temp)。對于常(chang)見的工(gong)業(ye)爐(lu)(lu)膛(tang),在(zai)(zai)典型的工(gong)況(kuang)溫度(du)(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)(800~1200℃),爐(lu)(lu)膛(tang)熱(re)慣性時(shi)間(jian)(從(cong)停止(zhi)供(gong)熱(re)到爐(lu)(lu)膛(tang)溫度(du)(du)(du)開始顯(xian)著(zhu)下(xia)(xia)降所(suo)需的時(shi)間(jian))一般在(zai)(zai)5~10分(fen)鐘以上。而對于沒有條(tiao)件做(zuo)熱(re)態試(shi)(shi)驗獲(huo)得(de)(de)精確(que)的f(temp)的情(qing)形(xing),也可以給定(ding)固(gu)定(ding)的tm。推(tui)薦采用tm=300s或(huo)400s。
52、在本發(fa)明(ming)中,根據(ju)子區域(yu)(任一燃燒(shao)(shao)區)的功率目標(biao)值pct,計算功率系(xi)數cp:pcn=n×psn;則(ze):cp=pct/pcn。其中,pcn是(shi)(shi)單個(ge)(ge)燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)的額(e)定功率,n是(shi)(shi)子區域(yu)燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)總個(ge)(ge)數,pcn是(shi)(shi)子區域(yu)的額(e)定最大功率,pc是(shi)(shi)子區域(yu)功率目標(biao)值。然(ran)后(hou),根據(ju)功率系(xi)數,計算單個(ge)(ge)最小脈沖(chong)周(zhou)期內,實(shi)際出勤的燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)個(ge)(ge)數n:n=cp×n。
53、在(zai)本發明(ming)中,根據(ju)(ju)實(shi)際出勤的(de)燒(shao)嘴個數,可(ke)計算出勤率(lv)k:k=n/n;然后,根據(ju)(ju)出勤率(lv),確(que)定(ding)出勤的(de)燒(shao)嘴在(zai)單(dan)(dan)個最(zui)小脈(mo)沖周期內(nei)的(de)占(zhan)空(kong)比(bi)c:c=cp/k;然后根據(ju)(ju)占(zhan)空(kong)比(bi)確(que)定(ding)單(dan)(dan)個燒(shao)嘴在(zai)單(dan)(dan)個最(zui)小脈(mo)沖周期內(nei)的(de)工作時長t:t=tm×c。進一步地,相(xiang)鄰燒(shao)嘴間(jian)的(de)開啟間(jian)隙ts:ts=tm/n。
54、在本發明中,本發明燃燒方法主要(yao)如下(xia):
55、步驟1:在(zai)任意一個燃氣區(qu)(qu)內(nei),根據起(qi)始(shi)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)指(zhi)針(zhen)(zhen)位置和(he)實際出(chu)(chu)勤(qin)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)個數n,確定本脈沖(chong)周期(qi)內(nei)出(chu)(chu)勤(qin)的(de)(de)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)及(ji)其(qi)出(chu)(chu)勤(qin)順(shun)序(xu):具體的(de)(de),將(jiang)該燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)內(nei)全(quan)部n個燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)進行(xing)排序(xu)編號組(zu)成一個首(shou)尾相連(lian)的(de)(de)圈(quan)鏈。然后(hou)設(she)置一個起(qi)始(shi)指(zhi)針(zhen)(zhen),作為(wei)圈(quan)鏈的(de)(de)起(qi)點,從(cong)起(qi)點順(shun)時(shi)針(zhen)(zhen)取一段包含n個燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)鏈,作為(wei)本脈沖(chong)周期(qi)內(nei)出(chu)(chu)勤(qin)的(de)(de)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)。燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)在(zai)鏈上的(de)(de)位置順(shun)序(xu)即(ji)為(wei)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)勤(qin)順(shun)序(xu)。例(li)如:對(dui)于總燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)數n=6個的(de)(de)子區(qu)(qu)域,若出(chu)(chu)勤(qin)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)個數n=4,且起(qi)始(shi)指(zhi)針(zhen)(zhen)指(zhi)在(zai)第一號燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)時(shi)。其(qi)鏈圈(quan)為(wei):①→②→③→④→⑤→⑥→①。選取的(de)(de)子鏈為(wei):①→②→③→④,則出(chu)(chu)勤(qin)的(de)(de)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)及(ji)其(qi)出(chu)(chu)勤(qin)順(shun)序(xu)為(wei)①→②→③→④。
56、步驟2:根據(ju)相(xiang)鄰兩個燒(shao)嘴間的開啟(qi)(qi)間隙ts,結合燒(shao)嘴出勤順序,確定各(ge)燒(shao)嘴開啟(qi)(qi)時(shi)刻。具體的:建(jian)立如下所示的燒(shao)嘴開啟(qi)(qi)時(shi)刻表:
57、表(biao)1燒(shao)嘴開啟時(shi)刻表(biao)
58、
59、步驟3:根據燒嘴(zui)工作(zuo)時(shi)間t和(he)各燒嘴(zui)的(de)開(kai)啟時(shi)間,確定各燒嘴(zui)關閉(bi)(bi)時(shi)刻。具體的(de):建立如圖(tu)所(suo)示的(de)燒嘴(zui)關閉(bi)(bi)時(shi)刻表。
60、表(biao)2燒嘴(zui)關閉時刻表(biao)
61、
62、步驟(zou)4:根據燒嘴(zui)開啟時刻和(he)(he)關(guan)閉(bi)(bi)時刻,控制對應燒嘴(zui)的開啟和(he)(he)關(guan)閉(bi)(bi)。
63、在本(ben)發明中(zhong),在單(dan)個(ge)(ge)脈沖(chong)(chong)周(zhou)期tm內(nei),選取全部n個(ge)(ge)燒(shao)嘴中(zhong)的(de)(de)n個(ge)(ge)參(can)與(yu)燃(ran)燒(shao),每個(ge)(ge)燃(ran)燒(shao)器只有開、閉兩個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)況(kuang),處于開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)況(kuang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),單(dan)個(ge)(ge)燒(shao)嘴的(de)(de)瞬時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)率(lv)等(deng)(deng)于其(qi)額(e)定功(gong)率(lv)psn,處于閉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)況(kuang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),單(dan)個(ge)(ge)燒(shao)嘴的(de)(de)瞬時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)率(lv)為(wei)0;每個(ge)(ge)燒(shao)嘴在單(dan)個(ge)(ge)脈沖(chong)(chong)周(zhou)期內(nei)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(處于開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)況(kuang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian))相(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)(deng)(都(dou)為(wei)t),達(da)到指(zhi)定工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)后,關(guan)閉燒(shao)嘴閥門;參(can)與(yu)燃(ran)燒(shao)的(de)(de)燒(shao)嘴,按相(xiang)(xiang)同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)間(jian)(jian)隔,按順(shun)序依次(ci)投入燃(ran)燒(shao),相(xiang)(xiang)鄰兩個(ge)(ge)燒(shao)嘴投入燃(ran)燒(shao)的(de)(de)間(jian)(jian)隔時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)ts。通過調整脈沖(chong)(chong)參(can)數(shu)n和t,即可實現對子區域(yu)功(gong)率(lv)的(de)(de)調節。具體的(de)(de):單(dan)個(ge)(ge)燃(ran)燒(shao)區的(de)(de)最大額(e)定功(gong)率(lv)(pcn)等(deng)(deng)于子區域(yu)內(nei)所有n個(ge)(ge)燒(shao)嘴的(de)(de)額(e)定功(gong)率(lv)(psn)之(zhi)和,因(yin)此有:
64、pcn=?n×psn
65、進一步地,定義單個燃(ran)燒(shao)區(qu)的功(gong)(gong)率目標值(pct)與該(gai)燃(ran)燒(shao)區(qu)的最大額(e)定功(gong)(gong)率(pcn)之比為該(gai)燃(ran)燒(shao)區(qu)當前的功(gong)(gong)率系數(cp),因(yin)此有:
66、cp=pct/pcn
67、在單(dan)(dan)個脈沖(chong)周(zhou)期tm內,單(dan)(dan)個燃燒區實際功率(pcs)與(yu)投入工作(zuo)(zuo)的燒嘴(zui)(zui)總數n和單(dan)(dan)個燒嘴(zui)(zui)的工作(zuo)(zuo)時間(jian)t有關(guan),具體關(guan)系如下:
68、pcs=(n/n)×(t/tm)×pcn
69、為使實際功(gong)率與目標(biao)功(gong)率相等(deng),因此有(you):
70、cp=(n/n)×(t/tm)
71、可(ke)以看到,通過設置適宜的(de)(de)n、t值(zhi),可(ke)以獲(huo)得不(bu)同的(de)(de)單個(ge)燃燒(shao)區(qu)功率(lv)系數(shu)cp,實現單個(ge)燃燒(shao)區(qu)功率(lv)的(de)(de)調整。但是,對(dui)于給定的(de)(de)cp值(zhi),適宜的(de)(de)n和t的(de)(de)組合是不(bu)唯一的(de)(de)。要(yao)達到相同的(de)(de)功率(lv),投入工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)燒(shao)嘴總數(shu)n越大,則單個(ge)燒(shao)嘴所(suo)需的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時間(jian)t則越小,反之亦然。為了盡可(ke)能(neng)的(de)(de)減(jian)少(shao)在單個(ge)脈沖周期(qi)中,燒(shao)嘴閥門的(de)(de)開關動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo),應該使投入工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)燒(shao)嘴數(shu)盡可(ke)能(neng)的(de)(de)少(shao),進而減(jian)少(shao)燒(shao)嘴閥門的(de)(de)開、關動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)。根(gen)據上式得到:
72、n=cp×n×(tm/t)
73、由于tm≥t,因(yin)此有:tm/t≥1,即(ji):n≥cp×n,為(wei)保證該不等式成立的最小的整(zheng)數(shu)n的取值應該為(wei):,其中為(wei)向上取整(zheng)符號。例如(ru)
74、在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)本發明中,為了實現在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)前啟(qi)動并工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)對在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)后(hou)啟(qi)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)進行穩定點火,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)后(hou)開啟(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)線與(yu)其在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)前開啟(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)線在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)該燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)區內具有(you)交點,同時還需要保(bao)證先(xian)、后(hou)啟(qi)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)時間上連(lian)續(xu)或有(you)重疊,即(ji)要求:ts≥t,也(ye)即(ji)
75、ts=tm/n≥cp×n×tm/n
76、對上式(shi)進行整理得到功率系(xi)數下限值:cp≥1/n。
77、在本發(fa)明中,所述燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)器(即燒(shao)嘴)包括由(you)內向外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)按序呈同心布置的(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),且燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)徑(jing)依(yi)次(ci)增(zeng)大;燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)出氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)口齊平(ping)并(bing)均與火(huo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)相連(lian)通,也就是說,第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)噴(pen)除(chu)的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流進入(ru)火(huo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)時(shi)是貼近燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)部四周,第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)噴(pen)出氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流進入(ru)火(huo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)時(shi)是稍遠離燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)部四周,則可(ke)通過調節第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)和第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流量和流速(su)等(deng)狀態的(de)(de)(de)變化,進而實(shi)現不同工況要求的(de)(de)(de)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)無焰燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)。在一(yi)個優選的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)施方(fang)案中,第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)噴(pen)出的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流為(wei)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流(通過設置旋(xuan)流葉片實(shi)現),第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)噴(pen)出的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流為(wei)高速(su)直噴(pen)射流(通過設置變徑(jing)式(shi)噴(pen)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔實(shi)現)。
78、在本本發明(ming)中,第一(yi)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)和(he)第二(er)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)口(kou)(kou)均連(lian)通(tong)至同(tong)一(yi)個總空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(由第一(yi)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)和(he)第二(er)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)段合并(bing)形成),并(bing)且在總空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)出氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)口(kou)(kou)處設置有(you)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)調(diao)節活動閥(fa)板(ban),通(tong)過空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)調(diao)節活動閥(fa)板(ban)調(diao)節總空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)出氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)口(kou)(kou)與第一(yi)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)和(he)第二(er)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)各自(zi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)口(kou)(kou)之間連(lian)通(tong)面積的(de)(de)(de)大小。也就是說(shuo),在總空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)量一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下,可通(tong)過空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)調(diao)節活動閥(fa)板(ban)調(diao)節分別進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入第一(yi)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)和(he)第二(er)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)量,進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)而可實現多(duo)種(zhong)工況無焰燃燒的(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速切換。
79、在(zai)(zai)本發明中(zhong),當空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)調節活動閥板將(jiang)第(di)二(er)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)進氣(qi)(qi)口封閉(bi),使(shi)全部空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)進入第(di)一空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。即(ji)燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)和(he)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)別從燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)和(he)第(di)一環(huan)形空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)通(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)進入火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)中(zhong),燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)流經鈍(dun)(dun)體(ti),在(zai)(zai)鈍(dun)(dun)體(ti)后方形成回流,同時,空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)經過(guo)(guo)第(di)一環(huan)形空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)通(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)旋流葉片(pian)后,獲得(de)旋轉向前的(de)(de)(de)速度,旋流空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)與燃(ran)(ran)料在(zai)(zai)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)內(nei)充分(fen)(fen)混合后燃(ran)(ran)燒。此時,燃(ran)(ran)燒尚處于點(dian)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)過(guo)(guo)程,周圍環(huan)境溫度很低(di),燃(ran)(ran)燒產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)熱量大部分(fen)(fen)傳遞給了周圍環(huan)境(火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、爐膛(tang)等),火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)焰溫度較低(di),核心區(qu)溫度一般(ban)僅(jin)為800~1000℃。但是(shi)由于鈍(dun)(dun)體(ti)擾(rao)流和(he)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)旋流的(de)(de)(de)雙重作用(yong),在(zai)(zai)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)邊緣和(he)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)中(zhong)心處會形成穩定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)回流區(qu),回流區(qu)內(nei)燃(ran)(ran)料、空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)和(he)高溫煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi)劇(ju)烈混合,在(zai)(zai)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)形成穩定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)(ran)燒火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)焰,且火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)焰根部緊貼(tie)燒嘴端部。這些特征,使(shi)得(de)本專(zhuan)利(li)燃(ran)(ran)燒器的(de)(de)(de)點(dian)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)過(guo)(guo)程火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)焰穩定(ding)(ding)性非常(chang)強(qiang)。
80、在(zai)本(ben)發明(ming)中(zhong),當(dang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)調節(jie)活動(dong)閥板處于第一(yi)(yi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管道(dao)(dao)入口和第二空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管道(dao)(dao)入口之間,空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)會同(tong)時進(jin)(jin)入第一(yi)(yi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管道(dao)(dao)和第二空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管道(dao)(dao)。即一(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)分空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)從(cong)第二環形空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通道(dao)(dao)進(jin)(jin)入火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)道(dao)(dao),一(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)分空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)從(cong)第一(yi)(yi)環形空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通道(dao)(dao)進(jin)(jin)入火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)道(dao)(dao)。第一(yi)(yi)環形空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通道(dao)(dao)噴出的強旋(xuan)流空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)卷吸大(da)(da)量高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),一(yi)(yi)方面預熱未反(fan)(fan)應的低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),另一(yi)(yi)方面稀釋高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)反(fan)(fan)應氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體,使得火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)焰溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)較(jiao)常規燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)低(di)。通過(guo)控(kong)制旋(xuan)流強度(du),可以(yi)(yi)(yi)將(jiang)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)區(qu)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)焰峰值(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)控(kong)制在(zai)1300℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)內,從(cong)而大(da)(da)幅降低(di)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)過(guo)程(cheng)nox產生。同(tong)時,由(you)于部(bu)(bu)分助燃(ran)(ran)(ran)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)從(cong)旋(xuan)流空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的外(wai)圍(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)速度(du)噴出(第二環形空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通道(dao)(dao)噴出)形成外(wai)圍(wei)直噴空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),在(zai)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)道(dao)(dao)邊(bian)緣產生一(yi)(yi)個向(xiang)(xiang)前的流場(chang),將(jiang)旋(xuan)流火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)焰向(xiang)(xiang)下游托舉,形成離(li)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通道(dao)(dao)端部(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)距離(li)的托舉火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)焰,使得高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)焰遠離(li)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)器,改善燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)器工作環境。同(tong)時,外(wai)圍(wei)直噴空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)拉長旋(xuan)流火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)焰,使得燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)區(qu)域(yu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)分布(bu)更(geng)加均勻,進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步降低(di)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)焰峰值(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du),降低(di)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)過(guo)程(cheng)nox產生。
81、在本發明中,當空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)調節活動閥板將第一(yi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)道的進氣(qi)(qi)(qi)口封閉,使(shi)全部(bu)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)進入(ru)(ru)第二(er)(er)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)道。即全部(bu)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)過第二(er)(er)環(huan)形(xing)(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)道后形(xing)(xing)成直噴(pen)射流(liu)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)道進入(ru)(ru)火(huo)道。空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)從端(duan)部(bu)環(huan)形(xing)(xing)擋板噴(pen)出的速(su)度(du)高達(da)80~120m/s(環(huan)形(xing)(xing)擋板上開設有加速(su)噴(pen)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)。加速(su)噴(pen)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)設置成來(lai)流(liu)端(duan)孔(kong)洞大于(yu)出口端(duan)孔(kong)洞,使(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)在通(tong)(tong)過端(duan)部(bu)環(huan)形(xing)(xing)擋板后流(liu)速(su)進行二(er)(er)次加速(su)),在射流(liu)周圍形(xing)(xing)成強烈(lie)的煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)卷吸(xi),從而在整(zheng)個爐(lu)(lu)(lu)膛(tang)(tang)內形(xing)(xing)成均(jun)勻的無(wu)焰燃燒。由于(yu)燃燒在整(zheng)個爐(lu)(lu)(lu)膛(tang)(tang)內發生,不存(cun)在明顯的肉眼可(ke)見的火(huo)焰形(xing)(xing)狀,因此(ci)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)膛(tang)(tang)溫(wen)度(du)非(fei)常均(jun)勻。爐(lu)(lu)(lu)膛(tang)(tang)峰值溫(wen)度(du)非(fei)常低,一(yi)般不超過1350℃。因此(ci),nox排(pai)放(fang)量非(fei)常小。
82、在現有技術中,現有的(de)平(ping)(ping)焰燒嘴(zui)由于(yu)(yu)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)與空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)采用(yong)非(fei)預混(hun)方式(shi),燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)和(he)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)在進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)道(dao)(dao)之前嚴格(ge)分(fen)離;進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)道(dao)(dao)后才開(kai)始混(hun)合,燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)與空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)在火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)道(dao)(dao)內邊(bian)混(hun)合邊(bian)燃(ran)(ran)燒,受限于(yu)(yu)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)與空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)混(hun)合速(su)率(lv),這種結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)體(ti)積燃(ran)(ran)燒強(qiang)度不能太(tai)高(gao),否則會導(dao)致較多(duo)的(de)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)不完全燃(ran)(ran)燒,這就使得(de)現有結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)平(ping)(ping)面燃(ran)(ran)燒器的(de)熱(re)負荷過(guo)小;并且(qie),由于(yu)(yu)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)與空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)間的(de)混(hun)合均(jun)勻性較差,導(dao)致燃(ran)(ran)燒過(guo)程(cheng)nox排(pai)放(fang)量偏(pian)高(gao)。本發(fa)明具有燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)和(he)助(zhu)燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)預混(hun)功能的(de)平(ping)(ping)焰燒嘴(zui)能夠將(jiang)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)和(he)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)在進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)道(dao)(dao)前進(jin)(jin)(jin)行預混(hun)合,顯著提高(gao)了進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)道(dao)(dao)燃(ran)(ran)燒時燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)和(he)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)混(hun)勻度,此外,還通(tong)過(guo)特殊結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)煙氣(qi)(qi)回流通(tong)道(dao)(dao)實現了部分(fen)煙氣(qi)(qi)的(de)回流,進(jin)(jin)(jin)而(er)(er)對(dui)燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)和(he)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)起(qi)到稀釋(shi)作用(yong),能夠有效降(jiang)低局(ju)部高(gao)溫,進(jin)(jin)(jin)而(er)(er)進(jin)(jin)(jin)一步降(jiang)低過(guo)程(cheng)nox的(de)產生。
83、在本發明(ming)中,具有(you)(you)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)和助(zhu)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)預混功能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)平焰燒(shao)嘴包括燒(shao)嘴磚(zhuan)、助(zhu)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、外(wai)(wai)擴(kuo)式火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)以及煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)回(hui)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。所述助(zhu)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)出氣(qi)(qi)(qi)端(duan)伸(shen)入(ru)至燒(shao)嘴磚(zhuan)內(nei)。燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)套(tao)設(she)在助(zhu)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)內(nei),并且(qie)在助(zhu)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)內(nei)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)出氣(qi)(qi)(qi)端(duan)沿軸(zhou)向僅延伸(shen)至接近助(zhu)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)出口的(de)(de)(de)位置(zhi)。外(wai)(wai)擴(kuo)式火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)設(she)置(zhi)在燒(shao)嘴磚(zhuan)內(nei),并且(qie)外(wai)(wai)擴(kuo)式火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)窄端(duan)與(yu)助(zhu)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)出口相(xiang)連(lian)(lian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)回(hui)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)開設(she)在外(wai)(wai)擴(kuo)式火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)周向外(wai)(wai)側的(de)(de)(de)燒(shao)嘴磚(zhuan)內(nei),煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)回(hui)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)一端(duan)與(yu)助(zhu)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)相(xiang)連(lian)(lian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),其(qi)另一端(duan)與(yu)外(wai)(wai)擴(kuo)式火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)寬(kuan)端(duan)內(nei)部和/或與(yu)外(wai)(wai)擴(kuo)式火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)寬(kuan)端(duan)外(wai)(wai)部相(xiang)連(lian)(lian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)以同軸(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式套(tao)設(she)在助(zhu)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)內(nei),并且(qie)在燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)出口處設(she)置(zhi)有(you)(you)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)噴頭(tou)(tou)。在燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)噴頭(tou)(tou)上沿其(qi)周向設(she)置(zhi)有(you)(you)若干個大小不(bu)(bu)同和朝向不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)噴孔。
84、進一步地,助燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)氣(qi)(qi)端為通(tong)(tong)(tong)過擴張板形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)漸(jian)擴式(shi)(shi)結(jie)構(gou),該漸(jian)擴式(shi)(shi)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)寬(kuan)端伸(shen)入至燒(shao)嘴(zui)磚內(nei)(nei)并與外擴式(shi)(shi)火(huo)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)窄端相(xiang)(xiang)連通(tong)(tong)(tong)。在(zai)擴張板所形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)漸(jian)擴式(shi)(shi)結(jie)構(gou)內(nei)(nei)部還(huan)設(she)置有(you)向(xiang)(xiang)氣(qi)(qi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)來源方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)一側(ce)凸起的(de)(de)(de)(de)導流(liu)(liu)(liu)檔板,并且導流(liu)(liu)(liu)檔板的(de)(de)(de)(de)外壁與擴張板的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)壁之間共同形(xing)成沿(yan)氣(qi)(qi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)動方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)口徑逐(zhu)漸(jian)縮(suo)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)(hun)流(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道。煙氣(qi)(qi)回流(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道與混(hun)(hun)(hun)流(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道相(xiang)(xiang)連通(tong)(tong)(tong)。在(zai)混(hun)(hun)(hun)流(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道內(nei)(nei)設(she)置有(you)旋(xuan)流(liu)(liu)(liu)片,根據氣(qi)(qi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)走(zou)向(xiang)(xiang),旋(xuan)流(liu)(liu)(liu)片設(she)置在(zai)混(hun)(hun)(hun)流(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)上游段內(nei)(nei),煙氣(qi)(qi)回流(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道與混(hun)(hun)(hun)流(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道相(xiang)(xiang)連通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置位(wei)于(yu)旋(xuan)流(liu)(liu)(liu)片的(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)游。
85、在(zai)(zai)本發明中(zhong),將助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)與(yu)(yu)(yu)燃料(liao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)同心(xin)同軸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)套(tao)接,即(ji)燃料(liao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)(chu)料(liao)段整(zheng)體設置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)內(nei)部(bu),并且燃料(liao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)口(kou)(kou)(kou)距離助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)口(kou)(kou)(kou)具(ju)有(you)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軸向(xiang)(xiang)間距。通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)這(zhe)種設置(zhi),使得(de)(de)燃料(liao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)噴出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)先直接進(jin)(jin)入(ru)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)段,與(yu)(yu)(yu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)預混(hun)(hun)合(he)后再(zai)從(cong)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)口(kou)(kou)(kou)一(yi)起進(jin)(jin)入(ru)到漸擴式火(huo)道(dao)內(nei)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)燃燒。由于燃料(liao)和空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)燃燒前進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了預混(hun)(hun)合(he),混(hun)(hun)勻度更高(gao),進(jin)(jin)而獲得(de)(de)了更高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體積燃燒強度和更少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程nox的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產生。進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),為提高(gao)燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預混(hun)(hun)合(he)效(xiao)果(guo),在(zai)(zai)燃料(liao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)處設置(zhi)有(you)燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)噴頭,并且在(zai)(zai)燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)噴頭上沿(yan)其周向(xiang)(xiang)設置(zhi)有(you)若(ruo)干個大(da)小不同和朝向(xiang)(xiang)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)噴孔,即(ji)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)特殊結(jie)構(gou)燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)噴頭,使得(de)(de)從(cong)燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)內(nei)噴出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流能夠實(shi)現(xian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)即(ji)分流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果(guo),并且從(cong)多個不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方向(xiang)(xiang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)碰撞式混(hun)(hun)合(he),有(you)利于提高(gao)混(hun)(hun)合(he)效(xiao)率(lv)。
86、在本發明中,將位于(yu)燃(ran)料通(tong)(tong)(tong)道出(chu)氣口(kou)(kou)之(zhi)后的(de)助燃(ran)氣通(tong)(tong)(tong)道的(de)出(chu)氣端通(tong)(tong)(tong)過擴(kuo)(kuo)張板設計為(wei)漸(jian)擴(kuo)(kuo)式的(de)出(chu)氣結構,同時在該漸(jian)擴(kuo)(kuo)式出(chu)氣口(kou)(kou)內相應(ying)的(de)設置(zhi)有(you)導流(liu)(liu)(liu)擋板,進(jin)而(er)在導流(liu)(liu)(liu)檔板的(de)外壁與(yu)(yu)擴(kuo)(kuo)張板的(de)內壁之(zhi)間共同形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)沿氣流(liu)(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)方向(xiang)口(kou)(kou)徑(jing)逐漸(jian)縮小(xiao)的(de)混(hun)(hun)流(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道。也就(jiu)是說,從(cong)燃(ran)氣噴頭(tou)噴出(chu)的(de)燃(ran)氣與(yu)(yu)空(kong)(kong)氣進(jin)行(xing)混(hun)(hun)合后的(de)混(hun)(hun)合氣流(liu)(liu)(liu)在進(jin)入(ru)火道前還(huan)會(hui)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過變徑(jing)式混(hun)(hun)流(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道進(jin)行(xing)壓(ya)縮混(hun)(hun)合,即通(tong)(tong)(tong)過燃(ran)氣噴頭(tou)的(de)分流(liu)(liu)(liu)擴(kuo)(kuo)散和(he)混(hun)(hun)流(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道的(de)再次延伸,在一散一壓(ya)的(de)雙重作(zuo)(zuo)用下可實現燃(ran)氣與(yu)(yu)空(kong)(kong)氣的(de)充分預(yu)混(hun)(hun)合。進(jin)一步(bu)的(de),在混(hun)(hun)流(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道的(de)上(shang)游段(duan)內還(huan)設置(zhi)有(you)旋流(liu)(liu)(liu)片(pian)(pian),燃(ran)氣和(he)空(kong)(kong)氣組成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)混(hun)(hun)合氣流(liu)(liu)(liu)在旋流(liu)(liu)(liu)片(pian)(pian)的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用下會(hui)產生(sheng)強烈的(de)旋轉運動(dong),可提高并保障燃(ran)氣與(yu)(yu)空(kong)(kong)氣的(de)混(hun)(hun)合效果。
87、進(jin)一(yi)步地,在導(dao)流檔板(ban)(ban)靠近(jin)外擴式(shi)(shi)(shi)火(huo)道(dao)的(de)一(yi)側(ce)還設置有感(gan)溫(wen)式(shi)(shi)(shi)膨(peng)脹(zhang)收(shou)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)支撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban),感(gan)溫(wen)式(shi)(shi)(shi)膨(peng)脹(zhang)收(shou)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)支撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)的(de)端(duan)部(bu)(bu)與導(dao)流檔板(ban)(ban)的(de)端(duan)部(bu)(bu)相連(lian)接(jie)。通過感(gan)溫(wen)式(shi)(shi)(shi)膨(peng)脹(zhang)收(shou)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)支撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)的(de)膨(peng)脹(zhang)與收(shou)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)控制導(dao)流檔板(ban)(ban)的(de)端(duan)部(bu)(bu)外壁與擴張板(ban)(ban)內壁之間垂直間距的(de)大小,進(jin)而(er)調節混流通道(dao)出(chu)口的(de)開度大小。所(suo)述(shu)感(gan)溫(wen)式(shi)(shi)(shi)膨(peng)脹(zhang)收(shou)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)支撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)為中心(xin)部(bu)(bu)凸起的(de)弧(hu)形(xing)結構(優選,該感(gan)溫(wen)式(shi)(shi)(shi)膨(peng)脹(zhang)收(shou)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)支撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)的(de)中心(xin)部(bu)(bu)凸起伸入(ru)至外擴式(shi)(shi)(shi)火(huo)道(dao)的(de)窄(zhai)端(duan)內)。
88、在(zai)(zai)本(ben)發明中,在(zai)(zai)導(dao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)板(ban)(ban)靠近(jin)外(wai)(wai)擴式火道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)級火道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)側(ce)還設置(zhi)(zhi)有感(gan)溫(wen)式膨脹(zhang)(zhang)收(shou)縮支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban),感(gan)溫(wen)式膨脹(zhang)(zhang)收(shou)縮支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)端部(bu)與(yu)導(dao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)端部(bu)相連接(即(ji)將感(gan)溫(wen)式膨脹(zhang)(zhang)收(shou)縮支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)設置(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)導(dao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)板(ban)(ban)尾部(bu),將導(dao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)板(ban)(ban)尾部(bu)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)開)。正常工況下(xia)(xia)(xia),燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)和空(kong)氣(qi)起(qi)始(shi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)兩級火道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二級火道內為宜(yi),以(yi)防(fang)止回火。當起(qi)始(shi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)向(xiang)(xiang)一(yi)級火道靠近(jin)時,感(gan)溫(wen)式膨脹(zhang)(zhang)收(shou)縮支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)溫(wen)度(du)升高(gao)后(hou)向(xiang)(xiang)其緣(yuan)部(bu)四周膨脹(zhang)(zhang),使(shi)(shi)(shi)導(dao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)擋(dang)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尾部(bu)直徑(jing)(jing)變(bian)(bian)大,進而使(shi)(shi)(shi)得(de)導(dao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)端部(bu)外(wai)(wai)壁與(yu)擴張板(ban)(ban)內壁之間垂(chui)(chui)直間距的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)縮小,即(ji)使(shi)(shi)(shi)得(de)混合(he)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)面(mian)積(ji)變(bian)(bian)小(即(ji)混流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)氣(qi)口變(bian)(bian)小),流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)速增加,將火焰向(xiang)(xiang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)游(you)托舉,使(shi)(shi)(shi)起(qi)始(shi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)向(xiang)(xiang)二級火道移動,從(cong)而防(fang)止回火。反之,起(qi)始(shi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)向(xiang)(xiang)外(wai)(wai)移動時,感(gan)溫(wen)式膨脹(zhang)(zhang)收(shou)縮支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)溫(wen)度(du)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降后(hou)向(xiang)(xiang)內收(shou)縮,使(shi)(shi)(shi)導(dao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)擋(dang)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尾部(bu)直徑(jing)(jing)變(bian)(bian)小,進而使(shi)(shi)(shi)得(de)導(dao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)端部(bu)外(wai)(wai)壁與(yu)擴張板(ban)(ban)內壁之間垂(chui)(chui)直間距的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增大,即(ji)使(shi)(shi)(shi)得(de)混合(he)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)面(mian)積(ji)變(bian)(bian)大,流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)速減(jian)小,火焰向(xiang)(xiang)上游(you)移動。也就是說,在(zai)(zai)感(gan)溫(wen)式膨脹(zhang)(zhang)收(shou)縮支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)與(yu)導(dao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)擋(dang)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協同(tong)作用下(xia)(xia)(xia),能夠使(shi)(shi)(shi)得(de)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)和空(kong)氣(qi)起(qi)始(shi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)終維(wei)持(chi)在(zai)(zai)兩級火道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二級火道內。
89、在(zai)(zai)本發明中,感(gan)溫式(shi)膨脹(zhang)收縮支撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)材質是(shi)耐熱鋼,其工(gong)作溫度(du)范圍(wei)是(shi)500~900℃,膨脹(zhang)系數是(shi)(15~20)×10-6mm/(mm·℃)(例如,0.1mm/(mm·℃)指的(de)(de)是(shi):1mm長的(de)(de)物體當(dang)其溫度(du)升高1℃后,其長度(du)變化為(wei)0.1mm)。如圖9所示,當(dang)燃氣燃燒位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)二(er)級火道內(nei)時(shi),感(gan)溫式(shi)膨脹(zhang)收縮支撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai)豎直方向的(de)(de)伸(shen)出(chu)距離為(wei)l1,當(dang)燃氣燃燒位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)一(yi)級火道內(nei)時(shi),感(gan)溫式(shi)膨脹(zhang)收縮支撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)受熱膨脹(zhang)使得其在(zai)(zai)豎直方向的(de)(de)伸(shen)出(chu)距離由原來的(de)(de)l1延伸(shen)至l2,即感(gan)溫式(shi)膨脹(zhang)收縮支撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)兩端將導流(liu)檔(dang)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)外端撐(cheng)開使得導流(liu)檔(dang)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)端部外壁與擴(kuo)張板(ban)(ban)內(nei)壁之間(jian)垂直間(jian)距的(de)(de)縮小。
90、進一(yi)(yi)(yi)步地(di),所述(shu)外(wai)(wai)擴(kuo)(kuo)式(shi)火道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)為多級(ji)(ji)火道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。在氣流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流動(dong)方(fang)向上,多級(ji)(ji)火道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開口(kou)逐漸增大(da),并且后一(yi)(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)火道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)開口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漸擴(kuo)(kuo)幅度大(da)于(yu)前一(yi)(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)火道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)開口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漸擴(kuo)(kuo)幅度。優(you)選的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是,所述(shu)外(wai)(wai)擴(kuo)(kuo)式(shi)火道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)為兩級(ji)(ji)火道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),包括沿(yan)氣流方(fang)向依(yi)次串通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)火道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)和二(er)(er)級(ji)(ji)火道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。煙氣回流通(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)與(yu)(yu)二(er)(er)級(ji)(ji)火道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寬端內部和/或與(yu)(yu)二(er)(er)級(ji)(ji)火道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寬端外(wai)(wai)部相連通(tong)(tong)。感溫式(shi)膨脹收縮支撐板的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中心部凸起(qi)伸(shen)入至(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)火道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)內。在沿(yan)著氣流流動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水平方(fang)方(fang)向上,二(er)(er)級(ji)(ji)火道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水平寬度大(da)于(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)火道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水平寬度。
91、在(zai)(zai)(zai)本發明中(zhong),外(wai)擴式火(huo)(huo)道(dao)優選為兩級火(huo)(huo)道(dao),包括沿(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)(liu)方(fang)向依次串通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)一級火(huo)(huo)道(dao)和(he)(he)二級火(huo)(huo)道(dao)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)實際工作過程中(zhong),燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)經由燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)道(dao),從燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)噴(pen)頭上分多(duo)股(gu)噴(pen)射進助燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)內(nei)與與從空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)送(song)入的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)相(xiang)遇并初(chu)步(bu)混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)后進入由擴張板和(he)(he)導流(liu)(liu)檔板圍成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)(hun)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)內(nei),由燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體流(liu)(liu)經旋流(liu)(liu)片后,產(chan)生強烈的(de)(de)(de)旋轉運動(dong),使得(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進一步(bu)混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)。由于混(hun)(hun)(hun)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)沿(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)動(dong)方(fang)向為前(qian)寬后窄的(de)(de)(de)設計(ji),使得(de)混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)向前(qian)流(liu)(liu)動(dong)時流(liu)(liu)速(su)不(bu)斷增加,而壓力不(bu)斷減小,最終完成(cheng)(cheng)充(chong)分混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)從混(hun)(hun)(hun)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)出口(kou)處以較快的(de)(de)(de)速(su)度(du)旋流(liu)(liu)噴(pen)出進入兩級火(huo)(huo)道(dao)。進入兩級火(huo)(huo)道(dao)后,由于流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)面(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)增加,混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)(liu)速(su)迅速(su)下(xia)降(jiang),最終在(zai)(zai)(zai)進入第二級火(huo)(huo)道(dao)后,混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)(liu)速(su)降(jiang)低至火(huo)(huo)焰傳播速(su)度(du)以下(xia),混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)第二級火(huo)(huo)道(dao)內(nei)開始穩(wen)定燃(ran)燒(shao)。燃(ran)燒(shao)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)煙氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)未完全(quan)反應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)料和(he)(he)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)從第二級火(huo)(huo)道(dao)出口(kou)旋流(liu)(liu)排出,混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體在(zai)(zai)(zai)離心(xin)力和(he)(he)回流(liu)(liu)煙氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)作用下(xia),向四周擴散(san)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)圓(yuan)盤形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)平面(mian)火(huo)(huo)焰。
92、在本發明中,煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)回(hui)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)開設(she)在外擴式火道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)周向外側的(de)(de)燒(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)磚內,煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)回(hui)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)一端與(yu)助燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)相連(lian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(優選為(wei)與(yu)混(hun)(hun)(hun)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)下游段相連(lian)通(tong)(tong)(tong),具體為(wei)與(yu)設(she)置在擴張板(ban)外側的(de)(de)燒(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)磚內的(de)(de)回(hui)流(liu)煙(yan)(yan)室相連(lian)通(tong)(tong)(tong),回(hui)流(liu)煙(yan)(yan)室再通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)設(she)置在擴張板(ban)上的(de)(de)引(yin)射孔與(yu)混(hun)(hun)(hun)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)相連(lian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)),其另一端與(yu)外擴式火道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)寬端內部(bu)(即第二級火道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)內部(bu))和(he)/或與(yu)外擴式火道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)寬端外部(bu)(即燒(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)磚一側的(de)(de)燃(ran)燒(shao)爐膛(tang)腔(qiang)室)相連(lian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)。由燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)成的(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)(hun)合氣(qi)(qi)(qi)在混(hun)(hun)(hun)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)高(gao)速流(liu)動,進而在引(yin)射孔附近產(chan)生一定強度的(de)(de)負(fu)(fu)壓,部(bu)分燃(ran)燒(shao)煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)在負(fu)(fu)壓作用下,通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)回(hui)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)被抽(chou)吸進混(hun)(hun)(hun)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)與(yu)燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)混(hun)(hun)(hun)合,稀釋(shi)燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi),進而實現部(bu)分煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)內循(xun)環。有助于降低(di)過(guo)(guo)程nox的(de)(de)產(chan)生。
93、與(yu)現有技術(shu)相比較,本發明的(de)有益技術(shu)效(xiao)果如下:
94、1:本發(fa)明的(de)多(duo)燃燒(shao)(shao)器穩定供熱的(de)方法(fa),大(da)幅提高工業爐(lu)窯加熱系統的(de)功(gong)率調(diao)節(jie)(jie)范圍,保證(zheng)在(zai)(zai)整個(ge)調(diao)節(jie)(jie)范圍內燒(shao)(shao)嘴始終處于最優工況,并且在(zai)(zai)同(tong)一燃燒(shao)(shao)區域內可實現(xian)燒(shao)(shao)嘴相互(hu)點火,保證(zheng)了在(zai)(zai)低溫工況下的(de)燃燒(shao)(shao)穩定性以及可盡可能少的(de)減少燒(shao)(shao)嘴開閉動作。
95、2:本(ben)發明提供的燃燒(shao)器通過依(yi)次(ci)套接(jie)的雙(shuang)空氣管道的設計,可以(yi)實現如點火、預熱和(he)低功率以(yi)及高(gao)功率等多種工況的靈活(huo)調節,滿足(zu)不同的燃燒(shao)需求,并且在(zai)全工況下都能(neng)實現穩定(ding)且低nox的清潔(jie)燃燒(shao),燃燒(shao)器調節比(bi)大,工況適應性(xing)強。
96、3:本發(fa)明提供(gong)的(de)平焰燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴能夠將(jiang)燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)和空氣(qi)(qi)在進(jin)(jin)入火道燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)之前(qian)已經實現充(chong)分(fen)混合,燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)效率高(gao)、體積(ji)熱強度高(gao)。同時(shi),由于燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)與空氣(qi)(qi)在燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)前(qian)混合充(chong)分(fen),消除了(le)(le)混合不均導致的(de)局(ju)部高(gao)溫,因(yin)而nox排放(fang)低。另一(yi)方面(mian),部分(fen)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)煙氣(qi)(qi)被抽吸進(jin)(jin)未(wei)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)的(de)空氣(qi)(qi)和燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)內,稀釋了(le)(le)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)氣(qi)(qi)體濃度,降(jiang)(jiang)低了(le)(le)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)的(de)劇烈程(cheng)度,由此(ci)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步降(jiang)(jiang)低了(le)(le)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)過程(cheng)nox排放(fang)。