本實(shi)用新型涉(she)及一種太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)熱水(shui)器，特別涉(she)及太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)熱水(shui)器的水(shui)管(guan)保護裝置。

背景技術：

太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是將(jiang)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)光(guang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)化為(wei)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)裝置(zhi)，將(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)從低溫加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)到高溫，以滿足人們在(zai)(zai)生活、生產(chan)中的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)使(shi)用。太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)按結構形式(shi)分為(wei)真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)管(guan)式(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)平板式(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，主(zhu)要(yao)以真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)管(guan)式(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)主(zhu)，占據國內95％的(de)(de)市場份(fen)額(e)。真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)管(guan)式(shi)家用太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是由集熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)管(guan)、儲水(shui)(shui)(shui)箱及(ji)支架等(deng)相(xiang)關零配(pei)件組成(cheng)，把太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)成(cheng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)主(zhu)要(yao)依(yi)靠真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)集熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)管(guan)，真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)集熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)管(guan)利用熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)上浮冷水(shui)(shui)(shui)下沉的(de)(de)原理，使(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)生微循環(huan)而達到所(suo)需熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。隨(sui)著不同地區人們的(de)(de)需求不同，為(wei)了提高太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)適用范圍，太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)傳(chuan)統基礎上已經(jing)有(you)了升級，除了傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)式(shi)完(wan)全依(yi)靠太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)散發出(chu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)之外(wai)，目(mu)前已經(jing)發展成(cheng)給傳(chuan)統太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)增加光(guang)伏發電(dian)裝置(zhi)和(he)(he)依(yi)靠～220v市電(dian)輔助加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)等(deng)這類太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。

傳統熱(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)器主要依(yi)靠太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)光(guang)加熱(re)(re)(re)涼水(shui)(shui)，但是(shi)由于受光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)和季節影響，遇到(dao)陰(yin)(yin)雨(yu)天(tian)以及冬(dong)季光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)不充足時常(chang)常(chang)難以滿足用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)熱(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)的(de)需(xu)要，因此(ci)，為了使(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)器適用(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍更加廣泛，傳統太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)器內部(bu)(bu)已經增(zeng)加了加熱(re)(re)(re)棒(bang)裝置，外部(bu)(bu)增(zeng)加輔(fu)助(zhu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)裝置。例如增(zeng)加獨立型光(guang)伏發電(dian)(dian)裝置，當(dang)光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)充足時，太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)器依(yi)靠光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)加熱(re)(re)(re)儲水(shui)(shui)箱涼水(shui)(shui)，同時，太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)池板發電(dian)(dian)存儲到(dao)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池中(zhong)，當(dang)遇到(dao)陰(yin)(yin)雨(yu)天(tian)等光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)比較(jiao)弱的(de)時候，此(ci)時蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池釋放之前存儲的(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)給太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)器內部(bu)(bu)加熱(re)(re)(re)棒(bang)加熱(re)(re)(re)，從而達到(dao)所需(xu)溫度(du)。還有一種(zhong)是(shi)利用(yong)(yong)家庭(ting)電(dian)(dian)路220V市電(dian)(dian)輔(fu)助(zhu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)器加熱(re)(re)(re)，當(dang)自然光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)無法將儲水(shui)(shui)箱里的(de)水(shui)(shui)加熱(re)(re)(re)，則利用(yong)(yong)家庭(ting)220V交流電(dian)(dian)輔(fu)助(zhu)加熱(re)(re)(re)。具體可參考圖3所示。

盡管太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能熱(re)(re)水(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)構造已經(jing)得到升級(ji)，可以(yi)在陰雨天以(yi)及(ji)冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)光(guang)照量(liang)不夠的(de)(de)情(qing)況下(xia)利用輔(fu)助加熱(re)(re)裝置加熱(re)(re)水(shui)，但(dan)是，北(bei)方(fang)(fang)冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)天氣寒冷(leng)，雖(sui)然輔(fu)助加熱(re)(re)裝置可以(yi)對太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能內部(bu)熱(re)(re)水(shui)進(jin)(jin)行加熱(re)(re)，但(dan)室(shi)外(wai)溫(wen)度較低，太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能熱(re)(re)水(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)出(chu)水(shui)管雖(sui) 然利用保溫(wen)膜包裹(guo)做了(le)防凍(dong)保護，但(dan)是，當外(wai)界溫(wen)度較低時(shi)，對水(shui)管的(de)(de)防凍(dong)保護作用甚微。北(bei)方(fang)(fang)冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)經(jing)常出(chu)現這種情(qing)況，室(shi)外(wai)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能熱(re)(re)水(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)內部(bu)水(shui)已經(jing)被(bei)加熱(re)(re)，由(you)于(yu)溫(wen)度較低，室(shi)外(wai)進(jin)(jin)水(shui)管和出(chu)水(shui)管內部(bu)殘留水(shui)冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)常常被(bei)凍(dong)住，導致(zhi)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能熱(re)(re)水(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)內部(bu)熱(re)(re)水(shui)放不出(chu)來，外(wai)部(bu)涼水(shui)進(jin)(jin)不去(qu)，嚴重的(de)(de)將凍(dong)裂(lie)水(shui)管，既影響(xiang)用戶(hu)正(zheng)常使用熱(re)(re)水(shui)，同時(shi)帶來經(jing)濟(ji)損失。

技術實現要素：

本實用(yong)新型的目的，在(zai)于(yu)提供一(yi)種太(tai)陽能(neng)熱水(shui)器水(shui)管保護裝置，其可擴大太(tai)陽能(neng)熱水(shui)器的使用(yong)范(fan)圍，即使在(zai)冬季也(ye)能(neng)滿足(zu)人們對熱水(shui)的需(xu)求。

為(wei)了達成上述目的，本(ben)實用(yong)新(xin)型的解決方案是(shi)：

一種(zhong)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能熱水(shui)(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)水(shui)(shui)管保護裝置，包括單片機(ji)(ji)、n個(ge)(ge)溫度(du)傳感器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、m根發(fa)熱電(dian)(dian)阻絲、控制(zhi)(zhi)開關(guan)和供電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源，其中(zhong)，n、m均(jun)為自然數(shu)，n個(ge)(ge)溫度(du)傳感器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)別(bie)(bie)鋪(pu)設(she)在(zai)(zai)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能熱水(shui)(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)位(wei)于室外的進水(shui)(shui)管和出(chu)水(shui)(shui)管表(biao)面(mian)(mian)，分(fen)別(bie)(bie)用于感測(ce)進、出(chu)水(shui)(shui)管的溫度(du)并送入單片機(ji)(ji)；m根發(fa)熱電(dian)(dian)阻絲分(fen)別(bie)(bie)鋪(pu)設(she)在(zai)(zai)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能熱水(shui)(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)位(wei)于室外的進水(shui)(shui)管和出(chu)水(shui)(shui)管表(biao)面(mian)(mian)，且這m根發(fa)熱電(dian)(dian)阻絲經控制(zhi)(zhi)開關(guan)連接供電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源；單片機(ji)(ji)與控制(zhi)(zhi)開關(guan)連接，根據溫度(du)傳感器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)感測(ce)的溫度(du)控制(zhi)(zhi)控制(zhi)(zhi)開關(guan)的閉合或斷(duan)開。

上述n個溫度傳感(gan)器等距設置在進(jin)水管(guan)和出水管(guan)上。

上述溫(wen)(wen)度傳感(gan)器采用(yong)DSB18B20溫(wen)(wen)度傳感(gan)器。

上述控制開關設置m個，m根(gen)發(fa)(fa)熱電(dian)阻(zu)絲相互并聯后，分(fen)別連接(jie)供(gong)電(dian)電(dian)源，而m個控制開關對應連接(jie)在m根(gen)發(fa)(fa)熱電(dian)阻(zu)絲與供(gong)電(dian)電(dian)源之間。

上(shang)述m根(gen)發熱電(dian)阻(zu)絲串聯后，經控制開(kai)關(guan)連接供電(dian)電(dian)源(yuan)。

上述m根發熱電(dian)阻絲分為數組，每一(yi)組相(xiang)互串聯(lian)后，再經(jing)一(yi)個控制開關連(lian)接供電(dian)電(dian)源。

上述單片機采(cai)用AT89C51。

上述供電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源采用(yong)光(guang)伏發電(dian)(dian)(dian)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池或(huo)經整流后的220V市電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

上述控制開關使用(yong)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)，繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)觸頭串聯(lian)在供電(dian)電(dian)源與發熱電(dian)阻(zu)絲的回路中，單片機的輸出引腳經由電(dian)阻(zu)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)的基(ji)極(ji)(ji)，三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)的發射極(ji)(ji)接(jie)(jie)地，三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)的集電(dian)極(ji)(ji)經由繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)線圈連(lian)接(jie)(jie)電(dian)源。

上述(shu)繼電器線圈的兩端還反(fan)并聯二極管(guan)。

采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)上述方(fang)案后，本(ben)實用(yong)(yong)新(xin)型(xing)(xing)通過在太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能熱水(shui)器室(shi)外進水(shui)管(guan)和出水(shui)管(guan)表面(mian) 鋪(pu)設溫度傳(chuan)(chuan)感器以及發熱電(dian)阻絲(si)，通過實時監測水(shui)管(guan)溫度，來判斷是否需要對水(shui)管(guan)進行加(jia)熱，適用(yong)(yong)于帶有(you)輔助加(jia)熱裝置的太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能熱水(shui)器，例如帶有(you)獨立型(xing)(xing)光伏發電(dian)裝置或(huo)者利用(yong)(yong)220V市電(dian)輔助加(jia)熱的太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能熱水(shui)器，不(bu)適用(yong)(yong)于傳(chuan)(chuan)統完全依靠(kao)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)光加(jia)熱太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能熱水(shui)器。本(ben)實用(yong)(yong)新(xin)型(xing)(xing)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)多(duo)點溫度監控(kong)系統，工作穩定可靠(kao)，抗干擾(rao)能力強，能夠保證溫度量精度。

附圖說明

圖1是本實用(yong)新型的流(liu)程圖；

其中，A-接線端；

圖2是(shi)本(ben)實(shi)用新(xin)型的(de)實(shi)現電(dian)路(lu)圖；

圖(tu)3是(shi)現有升(sheng)級后的太陽能熱水器結構原理圖(tu)；

其中，(a)表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)升級后的(de)太陽(yang)能熱水器的(de)結構示(shi)(shi)意圖，(b)表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)采用(yong)220V市電輔助的(de)電路(lu)圖，(c)表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)采用(yong)蓄(xu)電池輔助的(de)電路(lu)圖；

其中，B-溫(wen)度水位檢測，10-加熱(re)棒，20-光伏(fu)電(dian)池，3-進水管，4-出(chu)水管，D-輸入端(duan)，UO-輸出(chu)。

具體實施方式

以下將(jiang)結合附圖，對本實用新型的技術方案及有(you)益效果進行詳細(xi)說明。

如(ru)圖1所示(shi)，本實用新型提供一(yi)種太陽能(neng)熱(re)水器(qi)水管保護裝置(zhi)，包括單片機、n個(ge)溫(wen)度(du)傳感器(qi)1、m根發熱(re)電阻絲2、控制開(kai)關和(he)供電電源，其中，n、m均(jun)為自然數(shu)，下面分別介紹。

n個溫(wen)度(du)(du)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)分別鋪設在太陽能熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)器(qi)(qi)位于室外(wai)的(de)進水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)3和出(chu)(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)4表(biao)面，分別用于感(gan)(gan)測(ce)(ce)進、出(chu)(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)不同位置(zhi)的(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)，并送入單片機，為了最大限度(du)(du)地確保進、出(chu)(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)能夠全(quan)部被檢測(ce)(ce)到，且降(jiang)低成本，將(jiang)n個溫(wen)度(du)(du)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)等(deng)距設置(zhi)在進水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)和出(chu)(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)上。在本實施例(li)中，溫(wen)度(du)(du)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)采(cai)用DSB18B20溫(wen)度(du)(du)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)。

m根(gen)(gen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)絲(si)(si)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)鋪設(she)在(zai)太陽能(neng)熱(re)(re)水器位(wei)于(yu)室外的進(jin)(jin)水管和出水管表面，且這m根(gen)(gen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)絲(si)(si)經(jing)控制(zhi)開關(guan)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。在(zai)具體實現時(shi)，可以將(jiang)(jiang)這m根(gen)(gen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)絲(si)(si)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)對應(ying)一(yi)(yi)個控制(zhi)開關(guan)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，也即這m根(gen)(gen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)絲(si)(si)相互并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)，每(mei)條并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)支路都(dou)對應(ying)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)有一(yi)(yi)個控制(zhi)開關(guan)，也可以降低成本，將(jiang)(jiang)所(suo)有發(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)絲(si)(si)串聯(lian)后(hou)，經(jing)控制(zhi)開關(guan)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，更可以將(jiang)(jiang)m根(gen)(gen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)絲(si)(si)進(jin)(jin)行分(fen)(fen)組，每(mei) 一(yi)(yi)組的發(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)絲(si)(si)相互串聯(lian)后(hou)，再分(fen)(fen)別(bie)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，比(bi)如將(jiang)(jiang)進(jin)(jin)水管劃分(fen)(fen)為(wei)三段(duan)，每(mei)一(yi)(yi)段(duan)上分(fen)(fen)別(bie)鋪設(she)同一(yi)(yi)組的發(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)絲(si)(si)，這樣可根(gen)(gen)據每(mei)一(yi)(yi)段(duan)的溫(wen)(wen)度(du)進(jin)(jin)行發(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)(re)控制(zhi)，當(dang)某一(yi)(yi)段(duan)進(jin)(jin)水管的溫(wen)(wen)度(du)較高時(shi)，則不開啟(qi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)絲(si)(si)，節能(neng)環保。

單(dan)片機分別與n個溫度(du)傳感器及(ji)控制開(kai)關(guan)連接(jie)(jie)，單(dan)片機接(jie)(jie)收(shou)來自溫度(du)傳感器的溫度(du)數(shu)據(ju)，并(bing)與閾(yu)值進(jin)行比較(如設(she)置(zhi)啟動閾(yu)值為2℃，停(ting)止閾(yu)值為5℃)，當水管(guan)(guan)溫度(du)低于(yu)啟動閾(yu)值時(shi)，向控制開(kai)關(guan)發(fa)(fa)出閉合指令，對(dui)應的發(fa)(fa)熱電阻(zu)(zu)絲(si)得(de)電，對(dui)水管(guan)(guan)進(jin)行加熱，從而(er)提高水管(guan)(guan)溫度(du)；當水管(guan)(guan)溫度(du)高于(yu)停(ting)止閾(yu)值時(shi)，則(ze)向控制開(kai)關(guan)發(fa)(fa)出斷開(kai)指令，對(dui)應的發(fa)(fa)熱電阻(zu)(zu)絲(si)失電，停(ting)止加熱，節約電能。

配合圖(tu)2所示，是本實用(yong)(yong)(yong)新(xin)型的具(ju)體實現電路圖(tu)，其中，單片機可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)51單片機，性價比(bi)高，抗干(gan)擾能力強(qiang)；溫度(du)傳感器(qi)可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)DS18B20，它是常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的溫度(du)傳感器(qi)，具(ju)有體積小(xiao)，硬件開銷低(di)，抗干(gan)擾能力強(qiang)，精度(du)高的特(te)點。工作電源：3.0～5.5V/DC，可(ke)以使用(yong)(yong)(yong)光伏發電蓄電池或經整流后(hou)的220V市電。整個(ge)系統在使用(yong)(yong)(yong)中不需要任何外圍元件。

控制開(kai)關(guan)可使用繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，如(ru)圖2所(suo)示，繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)觸(chu)頭(tou)串聯在供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)與發熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)絲的(de)(de)回路(lu)中(zhong)，繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)KA與單片機(ji)連接，具體來說，單片機(ji)AT89C51的(de)(de)P2.0引腳經(jing)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)連接三(san)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)基(ji)極(ji)，三(san)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)發射極(ji)接地，三(san)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)經(jing)由繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)KA連接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，同時為了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)穩定，繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)KA的(de)(de)兩端還反并聯有(you)二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)VD。

具體(ti)工作時(shi)，太陽能(neng)熱水(shui)器進水(shui)管(guan)(guan)和出(chu)水(shui)管(guan)(guan)表面每隔一定距離安裝一個DSB18B20溫度(du)(du)傳感(gan)器，并且(qie)在進水(shui)管(guan)(guan)和出(chu)水(shui)管(guan)(guan)表面鋪設發熱電阻絲(si)，當(dang)檢(jian)測到溫度(du)(du)低(di)(di)于(yu)2℃時(shi)，溫度(du)(du)傳感(gan)器向單片機輸入信(xin)號(hao)，單片機P2.0引腳輸出(chu)低(di)(di)電平(ping),繼(ji)電器線圈KA得電，驅動(dong)繼(ji)電器觸頭閉合，發熱電阻絲(si)工作，對水(shui)管(guan)(guan)進行加熱；當(dang)加熱溫度(du)(du)高于(yu)5℃時(shi)則停止(zhi)加熱，節(jie)約(yue)電能(neng)，同時(shi)防止(zhi)溫度(du)(du)過高對水(shui)管(guan)(guan)造成破(po)壞。

以上實施(shi)例僅為說(shuo)明本(ben)實用新型(xing)的(de)技(ji)術思想(xiang)(xiang)，不能(neng)以此限定本(ben)實用新型(xing)的(de)保護(hu)范圍，凡是(shi)按照本(ben)實用新型(xing)提(ti)出的(de)技(ji)術思想(xiang)(xiang)，在技(ji)術方(fang)案基礎上所做的(de)任何(he)改動，均(jun)落入本(ben)實用新型(xing)保護(hu)范圍之(zhi)內。