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硅-硼雙原子摻雜改性制備碳氣凝膠復合材料及其制備

文檔序號:38887237發布日期:2024-08-02 03:02閱讀:50來源:國知局
硅-硼雙原子摻雜改性制備碳氣凝膠復合材料及其制備

本發(fa)明涉及超高溫(wen)隔熱材(cai)料(liao),具體(ti)為一(yi)種通過硅(gui)-硼雙原子摻(chan)雜改性制備(bei)高強韌碳(tan)(tan)氣凝(ning)膠(jiao)復(fu)合(he)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)制備(bei)方(fang)法。所(suo)制備(bei)的(de)(de)雙原子摻(chan)雜高強韌碳(tan)(tan)氣凝(ning)膠(jiao)復(fu)合(he)材(cai)料(liao)實現(xian)了(le)強韌兼備(bei),解決(jue)了(le)碳(tan)(tan)氣凝(ning)膠(jiao)復(fu)合(he)材(cai)料(liao)普遍存在強度低(di)、韌性差的(de)(de)問(wen)題,所(suo)制備(bei)的(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)氣凝(ning)膠(jiao)復(fu)合(he)材(cai)料(liao)適用于高溫(wen)隔熱-承載一(yi)體(ti)化領(ling)域。


背景技術:

1、碳氣(qi)(qi)凝膠(jiao)(jiao)是由納米(mi)碳顆粒堆垛而成的具有(you)三維納米(mi)多孔結構的一(yi)類材料,具有(you)低密度、高(gao)(gao)比表(biao)面積、低熱(re)導率等特(te)點。和其(qi)他(ta)氣(qi)(qi)凝膠(jiao)(jiao)相比,如sio2氣(qi)(qi)凝膠(jiao)(jiao)(服(fu)(fu)役(yi)溫(wen)(wen)度≤800℃)、al2o3-sio2氣(qi)(qi)凝膠(jiao)(jiao)(服(fu)(fu)役(yi)溫(wen)(wen)度≤1000?℃)以及zro2氣(qi)(qi)凝膠(jiao)(jiao)(服(fu)(fu)役(yi)溫(wen)(wen)度≤1000℃),碳氣(qi)(qi)凝膠(jiao)(jiao)具有(you)最高(gao)(gao)的熱(re)穩(wen)定性,在惰性環境中可在2000?℃以上(shang)保持其(qi)介孔結構。這些獨特(te)的優點使得碳氣(qi)(qi)凝膠(jiao)(jiao)成為超高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)環境下的理想熱(re)防護材料,特(te)別是針(zhen)對長時間、高(gao)(gao)熱(re)流、高(gao)(gao)焓值(zhi)的服(fu)(fu)役(yi)場景(jing)。

2、然而(er),碳氣凝(ning)膠材(cai)料存在本征強(qiang)度低、質脆易碎以及大(da)尺寸制備易開裂等問題,使其(qi)實際應用受到了極大(da)限制。目前,改善碳氣凝(ning)膠力學性能主要(yao)從骨架強(qiang)化(hua)和引(yin)入(ru)增強(qiang)體強(qiang)化(hua)兩(liang)個方面(mian)展開。

3、通過(guo)加強(qiang)碳(tan)氣(qi)凝(ning)(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)碳(tan)顆(ke)(ke)粒(li)(li)之間的(de)(de)交聯作用,進(jin)而(er)提升顆(ke)(ke)粒(li)(li)網絡結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)均(jun)勻性同(tong)(tong)時適當增(zeng)加顆(ke)(ke)粒(li)(li)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)頸(jing)(jing),在一(yi)定程度上可(ke)以提高(gao)(gao)碳(tan)氣(qi)凝(ning)(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)力學性能(neng)。alshrah等通過(guo)調整溶(rong)液的(de)(de)ph值和(he)改(gai)(gai)變催化劑以及水含量(liang),成(cheng)功地促進(jin)了(le)氣(qi)凝(ning)(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)顆(ke)(ke)粒(li)(li)之間的(de)(de)強(qiang)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)頸(jing)(jing)形(xing)成(cheng),創造出了(le)具(ju)有(you)更強(qiang)力學性能(neng)的(de)(de)氣(qi)凝(ning)(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao),相關研(yan)究成(cheng)果(guo)以“ development?of?high-porosity? resorcinol?formaldehyde?aerogels?with?enhanced?mechanical?properties?through? improved?particle?necking?under?co 2 supercritical?conditions”為標題,發表(biao)在 journal?of?colloid?and?interface?science?485?(2017)?65–74,研(yan)究表(biao)明,通過(guo)增(zeng)加催化劑含量(liang),同(tong)(tong)時提高(gao)(gao)了(le)ph值,促進(jin)更光滑的(de)(de)頸(jing)(jing)縮(suo),進(jin)而(er)形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)新的(de)(de)纖維(wei)狀結(jie)構(gou)。這種新型氣(qi)凝(ning)(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)相比傳統結(jie)構(gou)具(ju)有(you)30%更高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)彈(dan)性,并且在炭化后仍保持了(le)這種獨特結(jie)構(gou)。但該方(fang)法(fa)尚有(you)較大的(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)進(jin)空(kong)間,一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)其(qi)無法(fa)改(gai)(gai)變碳(tan)氣(qi)凝(ning)(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)固(gu)(gu)有(you)脆性,所制備材(cai)料仍存在質(zhi)脆易碎的(de)(de)問題,另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)增(zeng)強(qiang)后的(de)(de)氣(qi)凝(ning)(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)骨架顆(ke)(ke)粒(li)(li)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)頸(jing)(jing)增(zeng)強(qiang),使得其(qi)固(gu)(gu)態熱導率極大增(zeng)加。

4、在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)碳(tan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)凝(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)引(yin)入增強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)添加物的(de)(de)(de)骨(gu)架(jia)支撐作用(yong)和對裂(lie)(lie)紋(wen)的(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)礙作用(yong),可使(shi)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)后的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)凝(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)力學(xue)(xue)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)較(jiao)純炭(tan)(tan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)凝(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)有(you)顯(xian)著(zhu)提(ti)高(gao)。常(chang)見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)于(yu)炭(tan)(tan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)凝(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)增強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)主要有(you)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)、無(wu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)顆粒以(yi)及納米(mi)碳(tan)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)等(deng),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)尤以(yi)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)增強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)最(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)顯(xian)著(zhu)。碳(tan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)集高(gao)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)、高(gao)模量、耐高(gao)溫、低膨脹系數(shu)等(deng)諸多優(you)(you)點于(yu)一(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)理想纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)增強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),已被應(ying)(ying)用(yong)于(yu)碳(tan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)凝(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)增強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)。fu等(deng)以(yi)水(shui)蒸氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)活化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)短切(qie)碳(tan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)增強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),以(yi)異丙醇(chun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)溶劑,間苯二酚、糠醛(quan)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)前(qian)(qian)驅體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),經(jing)溶膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)凝(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、超臨界干燥(zao)、炭(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)裂(lie)(lie)解后得(de)(de)到(dao)了(le)短切(qie)活性碳(tan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)增強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)炭(tan)(tan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)凝(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao),相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)成果(guo)(guo)以(yi)“ fabrication?of?activated?carbon? fibers/carbon?aerogels?composites?by?gelation?and?supercritical?drying?in? isopropano”發表(biao)(biao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai) journal?of?materials?research?,?vol.?18,?no.?12,?dec?2003,研(yan)究(jiu)表(biao)(biao)明(ming),盡管(guan)所(suo)(suo)得(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)短切(qie)碳(tan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)增強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)碳(tan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)凝(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)壓縮(suo)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)較(jiao)于(yu)純炭(tan)(tan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)凝(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)增加了(le)一(yi)(yi)倍(bei),但(dan)(dan)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)較(jiao)弱(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)凝(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)骨(gu)架(jia)結(jie)構難(nan)以(yi)承(cheng)受載(zai)荷,另(ling)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)炭(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)凝(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)與(yu)(yu)(yu)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)收縮(suo)不匹配(pei)致使(shi)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)-基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)界面(mian)脫粘與(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴重的(de)(de)(de)層間開裂(lie)(lie),使(shi)得(de)(de)承(cheng)載(zai)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)(ying)力難(nan)以(yi)傳(chuan)遞(di)至增強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),使(shi)得(de)(de)該(gai)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)承(cheng)載(zai)能力有(you)限,離(li)實際應(ying)(ying)用(yong)尚有(you)距離(li)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)解決(jue)剛性纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)增強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)與(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)凝(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)炭(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)由于(yu)收縮(suo)失配(pei)導致的(de)(de)(de)種種問題,研(yan)究(jiu)人員通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)引(yin)入有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)前(qian)(qian)驅體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei),利用(yong)其(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)炭(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)凝(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)骨(gu)架(jia)的(de)(de)(de)同步(bu)收縮(suo),有(you)效(xiao)避(bi)免基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)產生裂(lie)(lie)紋(wen),通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)該(gai)方(fang)法得(de)(de)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)炭(tan)(tan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)凝(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)韌性得(de)(de)到(dao)了(le)明(ming)顯(xian)提(ti)高(gao)。feng等(deng)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)預氧化(hua)(hua)聚(ju)丙烯腈(pan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)增強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)炭(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)與(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)凝(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)骨(gu)架(jia)良好的(de)(de)(de)協調收縮(suo)匹配(pei)性,最(zui)終制備出(chu)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)無(wu)明(ming)顯(xian)裂(lie)(lie),力學(xue)(xue)性能優(you)(you)良的(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)凝(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao),相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)成果(guo)(guo)以(yi)“ carbon? fiber?reinforced?carbon?aerogel?composites?for?thermal?insulation?prepared?by? soft?reinforcement”為(wei)(wei)(wei)標(biao)題,發表(biao)(biao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai) materials?letters?67?(2012)?266–268,研(yan)究(jiu)表(biao)(biao)明(ming),其(qi)彎曲強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)可達到(dao)(7.1±1.7)mpa,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)300℃條件下的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)導率為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.328?w·m-1·k-1。li等(deng)以(yi)酚醛(quan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)增強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),將(jiang)高(gao)壓輔助相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)分離(li)與(yu)(yu)(yu)常(chang)壓干燥(zao)技術相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)結(jie)合(he)(he)(he),通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)交聯反應(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)聚(ju)合(he)(he)(he)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)提(ti)高(gao)界面(mian)結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)同時,保障有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)與(yu)(yu)(yu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)凝(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)炭(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)協調收縮(suo),相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)成果(guo)(guo)以(yi)“ fabrication?of?large?aerogel-like?carbon/?carbon?composites?with? excellent?loadbearing?capacity?and?thermal-insulating?performance?at?1800℃”為(wei)(wei)(wei)標(biao)題,發表(biao)(biao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai) acs?nano?2022,?16,?6565?6577,最(zui)終得(de)(de)到(dao)了(le)兼具(ju)優(you)(you)異承(cheng)載(zai)能力和隔熱(re)性能的(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)凝(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)。但(dan)(dan)是由于(yu)碳(tan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)凝(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)與(yu)(yu)(yu)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)之間為(wei)(wei)(wei)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)等(deng)常(chang)規界面(mian),纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)/基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)界面(mian)結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)普遍較(jiao)高(gao),這在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)定程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)上限制了(le)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)拔(ba)出(chu)增韌能力,因此所(suo)(suo)制備的(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)凝(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)仍表(biao)(biao)現為(wei)(wei)(wei)脆性斷裂(lie)(lie)。

5、綜上(shang)所述(shu),憑借強化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)氣凝膠碳(tan)(tan)顆粒之間的(de)交聯作用(yong)增(zeng)加顆粒間接觸頸(jing)面積,或通(tong)過向碳(tan)(tan)氣凝膠基體內引(yin)入(ru)第二(er)相纖維(wei)增(zeng)強體(如碳(tan)(tan)纖維(wei)、有機纖維(wei)、莫來石纖維(wei)等)可在(zai)一(yi)定程度上(shang)提升材(cai)料的(de)力學(xue)性(xing)能,但始終(zhong)不能使碳(tan)(tan)氣凝膠復合(he)材(cai)料擺脫“質脆易碎”的(de)魔(mo)咒,材(cai)料在(zai)服役過程中(zhong)如果受到損(sun)傷后極易形成貫(guan)穿性(xing)裂(lie)紋而(er)失效,極大的(de)限制(zhi)了其工程化(hua)應用(yong)。因此,亟需研制(zhi)一(yi)種兼具強度與韌性(xing)的(de)碳(tan)(tan)氣凝膠復合(he)材(cai)料。


技術實現思路

1、本發明旨在提供一種高(gao)(gao)強(qiang)韌(ren)碳(tan)(tan)氣凝(ning)膠復(fu)合(he)材料(liao)的(de)制備方(fang)法(fa),屬于新型輕質碳(tan)(tan)基復(fu)合(he)材料(liao)領域。該(gai)方(fang)法(fa)采用共混共聚法(fa)將硅、硼(peng)原子(zi)引(yin)入線性(xing)酚醛樹脂分子(zi)鏈(lian)中,并采用預氧(yang)絲碳(tan)(tan)纖(xian)維作為增強(qiang)體,生成硅、硼(peng)雙原子(zi)摻雜有機氣凝(ning)膠前驅體。其在炭化后(hou),一方(fang)面(mian)改性(xing)原子(zi)形(xing)成玻(bo)璃(li)相(xiang)包覆(fu)在碳(tan)(tan)氣凝(ning)膠顆粒骨架(jia)上,使骨架(jia)增粗且碳(tan)(tan)顆粒之間的(de)連接面(mian)積(ji)增大(da)(da)(da),大(da)(da)(da)幅提高(gao)(gao)骨架(jia)強(qiang)度;另一方(fang)面(mian),改性(xing)硅-硼(peng)雙原子(zi)以纖(xian)維增強(qiang)體作為模板,在纖(xian)維與基體界面(mian)形(xing)成可大(da)(da)(da)幅度鈍化、偏轉裂紋的(de)微米級(ji)玻(bo)璃(li)圓管結構(gou),此(ci)圓管結構(gou)還(huan)可保障纖(xian)維在斷(duan)裂過程中順(shun)利拔出(chu),從(cong)而顯著增強(qiang)纖(xian)維的(de)拔出(chu)增韌(ren)作用,最(zui)終制備出(chu)硅-硼(peng)雙原子(zi)摻雜改性(xing)的(de)高(gao)(gao)強(qiang)韌(ren)碳(tan)(tan)氣凝(ning)膠復(fu)合(he)材料(liao)。

2、為實現本發(fa)明(ming)的(de)上(shang)述目的(de),本發(fa)明(ming)的(de)高損傷容限碳氣凝膠復合材料(liao)的(de)制備(bei)方法(fa)采(cai)用(yong)以(yi)下的(de)步驟:

3、(1)硅(gui)-硼(peng)(peng)改性(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)脂的合成(cheng):將線性(xing)(xing)(xing)酚(fen)醛(quan)(quan)樹(shu)(shu)脂、硅(gui)烷(wan)改性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)、催(cui)化劑(ji)(ji)(ji)按(an)一定比例混(hun)合均勻(yun),所得溶液在(zai)常壓下回(hui)流反(fan)(fan)應,隨(sui)后(hou)(hou)減壓蒸餾去(qu)除(chu)副(fu)產物與(yu)(yu)未反(fan)(fan)應硅(gui)改性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji),得到(dao)(dao)硅(gui)改性(xing)(xing)(xing)線性(xing)(xing)(xing)酚(fen)醛(quan)(quan)樹(shu)(shu)脂;將硅(gui)改性(xing)(xing)(xing)酚(fen)醛(quan)(quan)樹(shu)(shu)脂與(yu)(yu)硼(peng)(peng)改性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)、溶劑(ji)(ji)(ji)按(an)一定比例混(hun)合均勻(yun),在(zai)常壓下回(hui)流反(fan)(fan)應,減壓蒸餾去(qu)除(chu)溶劑(ji)(ji)(ji)后(hou)(hou)得到(dao)(dao)硅(gui)-硼(peng)(peng)改性(xing)(xing)(xing)線性(xing)(xing)(xing)酚(fen)醛(quan)(quan)樹(shu)(shu)脂。

4、(2)硅-硼改性(xing)酚醛樹(shu)脂前(qian)驅體溶液(ye)的(de)配(pei)制:將步驟(1)所得的(de)硅-硼改性(xing)樹(shu)脂與稀釋劑(ji)、固化(hua)劑(ji)按(an)特定比例混合,并攪拌均勻得到硅-硼改性(xing)樹(shu)脂前(qian)驅體溶液(ye)。

5、(3)真(zhen)空(kong)浸(jin)(jin)漬纖維(wei)增(zeng)強(qiang)體(ti)(ti):將2.5?d聚(ju)丙烯腈基預氧(yang)絲纖維(wei)增(zeng)強(qiang)體(ti)(ti)放入真(zhen)空(kong)浸(jin)(jin)漬罐(guan)中,當罐(guan)內(nei)壓(ya)力達到(dao)要求時,打開導(dao)液閥,將步驟(zou)(2)所得(de)的(de)硅(gui)-硼改性樹脂前(qian)驅體(ti)(ti)溶液緩(huan)慢導(dao)入真(zhen)空(kong)浸(jin)(jin)漬罐(guan)中,并真(zhen)空(kong)保壓(ya)一定時間,使得(de)樹脂前(qian)驅體(ti)(ti)溶液充(chong)分浸(jin)(jin)沒纖維(wei)增(zeng)強(qiang)體(ti)(ti)。

6、(4)凝膠(jiao)反(fan)應誘導相(xiang)分離:將浸漬好的纖(xian)維增強體放入烘箱中(zhong),加熱升溫封閉干燥(zao),并保溫一段時間。在高溫與(yu)固(gu)化劑(ji)的雙重作用下,樹脂前驅(qu)體溶液依次(ci)經歷凝膠(jiao)反(fan)應與(yu)旋節(jie)線相(xiang)分離,得到聚丙(bing)烯(xi)腈基預氧絲纖(xian)維增強的硅-硼改性樹脂濕(shi)凝膠(jiao)復合(he)材(cai)料。

7、(5)常壓(ya)干燥(zao)與真空炭化(hua)(hua):將(jiang)(jiang)步驟(4)得到(dao)的(de)(de)濕凝(ning)膠(jiao)放入通風干燥(zao)箱中,在空氣(qi)氣(qi)氛下(xia)在特定溫度下(xia)進行常壓(ya)干燥(zao),得到(dao)聚丙烯腈(jing)基預氧(yang)絲纖維增強的(de)(de)硅-硼改性樹脂干凝(ning)膠(jiao)復合(he)材料。再將(jiang)(jiang)其置(zhi)于(yu)真空炭化(hua)(hua)爐中進行炭化(hua)(hua)裂(lie)解(jie),最終(zhong)得到(dao)高韌性、高損傷(shang)容限的(de)(de)聚丙烯腈(jing)基預氧(yang)絲纖維增強的(de)(de)碳氣(qi)凝(ning)膠(jiao)復合(he)材料。

8、具體為:

9、將線(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)酚醛(quan)(quan)樹脂(zhi)、硅(gui)(gui)烷(wan)改(gai)性(xing)劑(ji)、催化(hua)劑(ji)按一定(ding)比(bi)例(li)混合(he)均(jun)勻,所(suo)得溶液在常壓(ya)(ya)下回流反應(ying)(ying),隨(sui)后減(jian)壓(ya)(ya)蒸餾(liu)去除副產物(wu)與(yu)未反應(ying)(ying)硅(gui)(gui)改(gai)性(xing)劑(ji),得到硅(gui)(gui)改(gai)性(xing)線(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)酚醛(quan)(quan)樹脂(zhi)。在該步驟中,硅(gui)(gui)改(gai)性(xing)劑(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)甲基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)三(san)甲氧(yang)(yang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)硅(gui)(gui)烷(wan)、苯基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)三(san)甲氧(yang)(yang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)硅(gui)(gui)烷(wan)、甲基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)三(san)乙氧(yang)(yang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)硅(gui)(gui)烷(wan)、苯基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)三(san)乙氧(yang)(yang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)硅(gui)(gui)烷(wan)中的一種或(huo)二種以上,催化(hua)劑(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)稀鹽(yan)酸(suan)(質(zhi)量(liang)濃度(du)(du)15~28%)、乙酸(suan)(質(zhi)量(liang)濃度(du)(du)99~100%)、草酸(suan)(質(zhi)量(liang)濃度(du)(du)15~35%)中的一種或(huo)二種以上,線(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)酚醛(quan)(quan)樹脂(zhi)與(yu)硅(gui)(gui)烷(wan)改(gai)性(xing)劑(ji)的質(zhi)量(liang)比(bi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1:1~10:1(優(you)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)5:1~10:1,更(geng)(geng)優(you)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)5:1~8:1),1:1~5:1為(wei)(wei)(wei)宜,線(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)酚醛(quan)(quan)樹脂(zhi)與(yu)催化(hua)劑(ji)的溶液質(zhi)量(liang)比(bi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)5:1~100:1(優(you)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)10:1~90:1,更(geng)(geng)優(you)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)20:1~80:1),20:1~50:1為(wei)(wei)(wei)宜,回流反應(ying)(ying)溫度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)50~150℃(優(you)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)60~120?℃,更(geng)(geng)優(you)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)70~118?℃),80~120?℃為(wei)(wei)(wei)宜,反應(ying)(ying)時(shi)間為(wei)(wei)(wei)1~10?h為(wei)(wei)(wei)宜(優(you)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)2~8h,更(geng)(geng)優(you)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)3~7?h),減(jian)壓(ya)(ya)蒸餾(liu)壓(ya)(ya)力為(wei)(wei)(wei)1~20?kpa(優(you)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)3~18?kpa,更(geng)(geng)優(you)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)5~9kpa),10~20?kpa為(wei)(wei)(wei)宜,減(jian)壓(ya)(ya)蒸餾(liu)溫度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)80~150?℃(優(you)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)85~138?℃,更(geng)(geng)優(you)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)90~122?℃),100?~120?℃為(wei)(wei)(wei)宜,減(jian)壓(ya)(ya)蒸餾(liu)時(shi)間為(wei)(wei)(wei)1~3?h(優(you)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)1.5?~3h,更(geng)(geng)優(you)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)1.5~2?h)。

10、(2)將硅改(gai)性(xing)(xing)酚(fen)醛(quan)樹(shu)(shu)脂與(yu)硼(peng)改(gai)性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)、溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)按(an)一(yi)(yi)定比例混合均勻,在(zai)常(chang)壓(ya)下(xia)回(hui)流反應,減(jian)(jian)壓(ya)蒸餾(liu)去除溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)后(hou)得到硅-硼(peng)改(gai)性(xing)(xing)線性(xing)(xing)酚(fen)醛(quan)樹(shu)(shu)脂。在(zai)該步驟(zou)中,硼(peng)改(gai)性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)硼(peng)酸、硼(peng)砂、硼(peng)酸鋅(xin)中的(de)一(yi)(yi)種或(huo)二(er)種以上,溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)乙醇、乙二(er)醇、丙(bing)酮(tong)、異丙(bing)醇中的(de)一(yi)(yi)種或(huo)二(er)種以上,硅改(gai)性(xing)(xing)線性(xing)(xing)酚(fen)醛(quan)樹(shu)(shu)脂與(yu)硼(peng)改(gai)性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)質量比為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1:1~20:1(優(you)(you)選(xuan)(xuan)5:1~20:1,更(geng)(geng)(geng)優(you)(you)選(xuan)(xuan)8:1~15:1),1:1~10:1為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宜(yi)(yi)(yi),溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)硅改(gai)性(xing)(xing)酚(fen)醛(quan)樹(shu)(shu)脂的(de)質量比為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1:1~10:1(優(you)(you)選(xuan)(xuan)2:1~9:1,更(geng)(geng)(geng)優(you)(you)選(xuan)(xuan)5:1~8:1),5:1~10:1為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宜(yi)(yi)(yi),回(hui)流反應溫度為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)100~180?℃(優(you)(you)選(xuan)(xuan)105~170℃,更(geng)(geng)(geng)優(you)(you)選(xuan)(xuan)115~160℃),120~150?℃為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宜(yi)(yi)(yi),回(hui)流反應時(shi)間為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1~8?h(優(you)(you)選(xuan)(xuan)2~8?h,更(geng)(geng)(geng)優(you)(you)選(xuan)(xuan)3~5?h),1~5?h為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宜(yi)(yi)(yi),減(jian)(jian)壓(ya)蒸餾(liu)溫度為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)100~180℃(優(you)(you)選(xuan)(xuan)105~175℃,更(geng)(geng)(geng)優(you)(you)選(xuan)(xuan)105~170℃),100~180?℃為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宜(yi)(yi)(yi),減(jian)(jian)壓(ya)蒸餾(liu)壓(ya)力為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)100~1000?pa(優(you)(you)選(xuan)(xuan)150~900?pa,更(geng)(geng)(geng)優(you)(you)選(xuan)(xuan)200~800?pa),500~1000?pa為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宜(yi)(yi)(yi),減(jian)(jian)壓(ya)蒸餾(liu)時(shi)間為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1~3?h(優(you)(you)選(xuan)(xuan)1.5~2.5?h,更(geng)(geng)(geng)優(you)(you)選(xuan)(xuan)1.5~2?h?)。

11、(3)將(jiang)上一步得到的硅-硼(peng)(peng)改(gai)性(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)脂與稀釋劑(ji)(ji)(ji)、固(gu)化(hua)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)按特定比(bi)例混合(he),并攪(jiao)拌均(jun)勻得到硅-硼(peng)(peng)改(gai)性(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)脂前(qian)驅體溶液。在該步驟中,稀釋劑(ji)(ji)(ji)為丙酮、乙醇(chun)、乙二醇(chun)、異丙醇(chun),固(gu)化(hua)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)為六次甲基(ji)四胺、多聚甲醛,稀釋劑(ji)(ji)(ji)與硅-硼(peng)(peng)改(gai)性(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)脂的質量(liang)(liang)比(bi)為1:1~20:1(優(you)選5:1~18:1,更優(you)選10:1~15:1),1:1~10:1為宜,硅-硼(peng)(peng)改(gai)性(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)脂與固(gu)化(hua)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)的質量(liang)(liang)比(bi)為1:1~100:1(優(you)選5:1~80:1,更優(you)選20:1~65:1),20:1~100:1為宜。

12、(4)將2.5?d聚丙(bing)烯腈基預氧絲(si)纖維增強體(ti)放(fang)入真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)浸漬(zi)(zi)罐中(zhong),當罐內壓力達到要求時,打開(kai)導(dao)液閥,將上一步所得的硅-硼改性樹脂前(qian)驅體(ti)溶(rong)液緩慢導(dao)入真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)浸漬(zi)(zi)罐中(zhong),并真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)保(bao)壓一定(ding)時間,使得樹脂前(qian)驅體(ti)溶(rong)液充(chong)分浸沒纖維增強體(ti)。在該步驟(zou)中(zhong),真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)浸漬(zi)(zi)的壓力為50~200?pa為宜,真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)浸漬(zi)(zi)保(bao)壓時間為0.5~6?h?,3~6?h為宜。

13、(5)將浸漬好的纖維增(zeng)強(qiang)體(ti)放(fang)入(ru)烘箱中,加熱升溫(wen)(wen)(wen)封(feng)閉干燥,并保溫(wen)(wen)(wen)一(yi)段時(shi)間。在高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)與固(gu)化劑的雙(shuang)重作用下,樹(shu)脂前驅體(ti)溶液依次經歷凝膠反(fan)(fan)應與旋節線相(xiang)分離,得到(dao)聚丙烯腈基(ji)預氧絲纖維增(zeng)強(qiang)的硅-硼改性樹(shu)脂濕凝膠復(fu)合(he)材料。該步驟中,凝膠固(gu)化反(fan)(fan)應溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度為50~150?℃(優(you)(you)選60~135℃,更優(you)(you)選82~120?℃),80~150?℃為宜(yi),加熱升溫(wen)(wen)(wen)速(su)率為0.3~5℃/min?,0.5~5?℃/min為宜(yi),保溫(wen)(wen)(wen)時(shi)間為10~42?h(優(you)(you)選11~35?h,更優(you)(you)選15~28h),20~40?h為宜(yi)。

14、(6)將上一步得(de)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)纖維增(zeng)(zeng)強樹脂(zhi)濕凝(ning)(ning)膠復合(he)材(cai)料(liao)放入通(tong)風干(gan)燥(zao)箱中(zhong),在空(kong)氣(qi)氣(qi)氛(fen)下(xia)在特定溫度(du)(du)下(xia)進行(xing)常壓(ya)干(gan)燥(zao),得(de)到(dao)聚丙烯腈基預氧絲纖維增(zeng)(zeng)強的(de)(de)(de)硅-硼(peng)改(gai)性(xing)樹脂(zhi)干(gan)凝(ning)(ning)膠復合(he)材(cai)料(liao)。再(zai)將其置于真空(kong)炭化(hua)爐中(zhong)進行(xing)炭化(hua)裂解,最終(zhong)得(de)到(dao)高(gao)韌性(xing)、高(gao)損傷容(rong)限的(de)(de)(de)聚丙烯腈基預氧絲纖維增(zeng)(zeng)強的(de)(de)(de)碳氣(qi)凝(ning)(ning)膠復合(he)材(cai)料(liao)。該步驟(zou)中(zhong),干(gan)燥(zao)溫度(du)(du)為(wei)80~150?℃,120~150℃為(wei)宜(yi)(yi)(yi),干(gan)燥(zao)時(shi)間(jian)為(wei)24~72?h為(wei)宜(yi)(yi)(yi),真空(kong)炭化(hua)壓(ya)力為(wei)100~500?pa(優(you)(you)(you)選(xuan)100~400?pa,更(geng)優(you)(you)(you)選(xuan)200~300?pa),100~200?pa為(wei)宜(yi)(yi)(yi),炭化(hua)溫度(du)(du)為(wei)600~1500?℃(優(you)(you)(you)選(xuan)700~1350℃,更(geng)優(you)(you)(you)選(xuan)900~1050℃),800~1500?℃為(wei)宜(yi)(yi)(yi),升溫速率(lv)為(wei)3~20?℃/min(優(you)(you)(you)選(xuan)3~15?℃/min,更(geng)優(you)(you)(you)選(xuan)5~10℃/min),3~10?℃/min為(wei)宜(yi)(yi)(yi),保溫時(shi)間(jian)為(wei)1~6?h(優(you)(you)(you)選(xuan)1~5?h,更(geng)優(you)(you)(you)選(xuan)2~4?h),3~6?h為(wei)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)。

15、所制得的碳(tan)氣凝(ning)膠(jiao)復合材料具有輕質、熱(re)導率低、力學強(qiang)度高以及損傷容(rong)限高的綜合性能;例如:密度為0.45?g/cm3的碳(tan)氣凝(ning)膠(jiao)復合材料,其熱(re)導率僅為0.23?w·m-1·k-1,彎(wan)(wan)曲強(qiang)度可(ke)達27.54?mpa,斷裂功高達2742.06?j/m2,是傳(chuan)統(tong)碳(tan)氣凝(ning)膠(jiao)復合材料彎(wan)(wan)曲斷裂功(約120?j/m2)的20倍(bei)以上;

16、特別需要指出的是在(zai)三點(dian)彎曲測試(shi)過(guo)程(cheng)中,其應(ying)力-應(ying)變(bian)測試(shi)曲線表現出了(le)典型的非脆性斷裂(lie)行(xing)為特征,當其彎曲應(ying)變(bian)達(da)到(dao)4?%?時(shi),強(qiang)度(du)依然(ran)可以保持在(zai)50%(14?mpa)以上,即(ji)材料在(zai)發生彎曲破壞之(zhi)后,仍(reng)有很好(hao)的承(cheng)載能(neng)力。而傳統碳氣(qi)凝膠(jiao)復合材料的彎曲應(ying)變(bian)一(yi)般僅為0.5~1?%,當彎曲應(ying)變(bian)達(da)到(dao)最大值(zhi)后,其應(ying)力值(zhi)迅速(su)下降,幾(ji)乎無法繼(ji)續承(cheng)載。

17、一種(zhong)通(tong)過硅(gui)-硼雙原子改(gai)性制(zhi)備高損傷容限碳氣(qi)凝(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)復合材料的(de)方法,本發明(ming)通(tong)過共混共聚法在(zai)(zai)碳氣(qi)凝(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)前驅體酚醛樹脂中原位摻雜引入(ru)硅(gui)、硼原子。炭化(hua)后,二者形成(cheng)的(de)玻璃相既(ji)可以(yi)(yi)包覆在(zai)(zai)碳氣(qi)凝(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)顆粒表(biao)面以(yi)(yi)增強(qiang)基體強(qiang)度,又(you)可以(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)纖維(wei)(wei)增強(qiang)體為模(mo)板,在(zai)(zai)纖維(wei)(wei)-基體界面處構建可以(yi)(yi)鈍化(hua)、偏轉裂紋的(de)圓管狀微結構。同時保障(zhang)損傷過程中纖維(wei)(wei)的(de)有效拔出,最終實現(xian)原位增韌與纖維(wei)(wei)增韌的(de)完美結合,大(da)幅度提(ti)高碳氣(qi)凝(ning)膠(jiao)(jiao)復合材料強(qiang)韌性。

18、該方法采(cai)用共混(hun)共聚法將硅、硼原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)引入線性(xing)酚醛樹(shu)脂分子(zi)(zi)(zi)鏈中(zhong),并采(cai)用預氧(yang)絲碳纖維作為增強(qiang)體,生成(cheng)硅-硼雙原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)摻雜有機(ji)氣凝(ning)膠前驅體,其在(zai)(zai)(zai)炭化后,一方面改性(xing)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)形成(cheng)玻(bo)璃相(xiang)包(bao)覆在(zai)(zai)(zai)碳氣凝(ning)膠顆(ke)粒(li)(li)骨(gu)架(jia)上(shang),使骨(gu)架(jia)增粗且(qie)碳顆(ke)粒(li)(li)之間的(de)連接面積增大,大幅(fu)提高骨(gu)架(jia)強(qiang)度(du);另一方面,改性(xing)硅-硼雙原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)以纖維增強(qiang)體作為模板,在(zai)(zai)(zai)纖維與基體界面形成(cheng)可(ke)(ke)大幅(fu)度(du)鈍(dun)化、偏轉裂紋的(de)微(wei)米級(ji)玻(bo)璃圓(yuan)(yuan)管結構,此圓(yuan)(yuan)管結構還可(ke)(ke)保障纖維在(zai)(zai)(zai)斷裂過(guo)程中(zhong)順利(li)拔出,從而顯著增強(qiang)纖維的(de)拔出增韌(ren)(ren)作用,最終制備(bei)出硅-硼雙原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)摻雜改性(xing)的(de)高強(qiang)韌(ren)(ren)碳氣凝(ning)膠復合材料(liao)。

19、本發明(ming)以外部增韌為主,將原位增韌與纖維(wei)增韌相結合,所制備的(de)碳(tan)氣凝(ning)膠復(fu)(fu)合材料(liao)(liao)的(de)密度(du)(du)為0.3~0.5?g/cm3時(shi)(shi),彎曲(qu)強(qiang)度(du)(du)可(ke)(ke)達(da)32.9?mpa,彎曲(qu)斷裂功可(ke)(ke)達(da)1500~4000j/m2,是現有公開報道碳(tan)氣凝(ning)膠復(fu)(fu)合材料(liao)(liao)的(de)10~20倍。并且,此復(fu)(fu)合材料(liao)(liao)的(de)彎曲(qu)應變達(da)到(dao)4%時(shi)(shi)其強(qiang)度(du)(du)仍可(ke)(ke)以保持在最高值的(de)50%以上,解決了碳(tan)氣凝(ning)膠復(fu)(fu)合材料(liao)(liao)強(qiang)韌性差的(de)普(pu)遍問題。

20、本發明的優點及有(you)益效(xiao)果如下:

21、本發明采(cai)用共混共聚法實現了(le)硅、硼元素(su)在酚醛樹(shu)脂高(gao)分子鏈中(zhong)的摻雜,炭化(hua)后在碳(tan)氣凝膠(jiao)骨架表面原位生成包覆硅硼玻璃相,一(yi)方面通過提(ti)高(gao)了(le)硅硼改性碳(tan)氣凝膠(jiao)復(fu)合(he)材料(liao)的初(chu)始氧化(hua)溫度,另一(yi)方面使得碳(tan)氣凝膠(jiao)骨架增粗提(ti)高(gao)了(le)材料(liao)強(qiang)度。

22、本發(fa)明通過(guo)以增強(qiang)體為模(mo)板(ban),在(zai)纖維-基體界面處原位構(gou)建(jian)新的第三相玻璃圓管(guan)狀(zhuang)微結構(gou),對裂紋(wen)實現鈍化與(yu)偏轉的同時保障了(le)(le)增強(qiang)相纖維在(zai)材料損(sun)傷過(guo)程中的順利拔(ba)出,實現了(le)(le)原位增韌與(yu)纖維增韌耦合,大幅(fu)度提升了(le)(le)碳(tan)氣凝膠復合材料的韌性。

23、本(ben)發明合成的(de)高損傷(shang)容限(xian)(xian)碳(tan)氣(qi)凝膠(jiao)復合材(cai)料(liao)與傳統碳(tan)氣(qi)凝膠(jiao)復合材(cai)料(liao)相(xiang)比(bi),比(bi)彎曲強度(du)高達到66?mpa·g-1·cm-3,斷(duan)裂(lie)功是傳統碳(tan)氣(qi)凝膠(jiao)復合材(cai)料(liao)的(de)20倍以上(shang),具(ju)有(you)較高的(de)損傷(shang)容限(xian)(xian)。檢(jian)測結果(guo)表明,本(ben)發明所(suo)制備(bei)硅-硼雙原子改(gai)性制備(bei)高損傷(shang)容限(xian)(xian)碳(tan)氣(qi)凝膠(jiao)復合材(cai)料(liao)密度(du)為(wei)(wei)0.3~0.5?g/cm3,熱導率為(wei)(wei)0.2~0.4?w·m-1·k-1,比(bi)彎曲強度(du)為(wei)(wei)40~60?mpa·g-1·cm-3,斷(duan)裂(lie)功為(wei)(wei)1500~4000?j/m2。

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