本發明(ming)涉(she)及(ji)新(xin)能源車輛熱(re)管理(li)(li),尤其涉(she)及(ji)電(dian)池溫(wen)度(du)預(yu)測、分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)電(dian)池熱(re)管理(li)(li)系統及(ji)分(fen)級調控方法。
背景技術:
1、動(dong)力(li)電(dian)池作為(wei)電(dian)動(dong)汽車的(de)(de)核心(xin)部件,決定(ding)著整車的(de)(de)續駛里程(cheng)、動(dong)力(li)性能以及安全(quan)可靠等關鍵指標。因(yin)載重較高(gao)、路況復雜,電(dian)動(dong)重型商(shang)用車一般匹配大型化(hua)(hua)、成(cheng)組(zu)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)鋰離子動(dong)力(li)電(dian)池。由于鋰離子電(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)體(ti)系對溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度敏感,高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)時影(ying)響性能的(de)(de)穩定(ding)性,低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)時造(zao)成(cheng)性能的(de)(de)衰(shuai)退,鋰離子電(dian)池需(xu)要工作在(zai)20~35℃的(de)(de)適宜(yi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度范圍,商(shang)用車的(de)(de)應用場景,要求(qiu)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)池系統充電(dian)在(zai)0~55℃、放電(dian)在(zai)-20~60℃范圍內(nei)處于可運行狀態,因(yin)此,為(wei)保(bao)證性能、壽命、安全(quan),電(dian)池的(de)(de)熱管理系統設計(ji)對于整車而(er)言(yan)至關重要。
2、針(zhen)對商(shang)用車(che)的大(da)(da)電量需(xu)求(qiu),目前(qian)常見的動力(li)電池系統(tong)布(bu)置方(fang)(fang)式(shi)包括(kuo):后(hou)置(駕駛(shi)室后(hou)方(fang)(fang)車(che)架(jia)縱(zong)(zong)梁(liang)之上)、側(ce)置(車(che)架(jia)左右(you)縱(zong)(zong)梁(liang)外側(ce))和內置(車(che)架(jia)縱(zong)(zong)梁(liang)內側(ce))。此外,商(shang)用車(che)的電池系統(tong)一般由(you)多支路的串聯成(cheng)組電池箱體組合(he)而成(cheng);多域的布(bu)置方(fang)(fang)案和龐大(da)(da)的電池組成(cheng)給(gei)保證所(suo)有電池長(chang)時間工作在合(he)理溫度范(fan)圍提出較大(da)(da)的挑(tiao)戰。當(dang)前(qian)采用單一的管路閥門系統(tong)并依靠電池表面(mian)溫度作為控制(zhi)指標,存在控制(zhi)精度低(di)、溫度調節滯后(hou)、運行能(neng)耗(hao)高的問題,難(nan)以滿足商(shang)用車(che)的電池熱(re)管理系統(tong)需(xu)求(qiu)。
技術實現思路
1、本發(fa)明的(de)目的(de)是針對現有技術的(de)不足從而提供電(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)度預測、分(fen)布(bu)式電(dian)池(chi)熱(re)管理系統(tong)及分(fen)級(ji)調控方法(fa)。
2、本發明是采用(yong)如下技術方案(an)來實(shi)現的:
3、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度預測、分布(bu)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)熱管理(li)(li)系統,包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱耦合(he)(he)模(mo)型(xing)及分布(bu)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)熱管理(li)(li)系統,所(suo)述(shu)分布(bu)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)熱管理(li)(li)系統根據(ju)所(suo)述(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱耦合(he)(he)模(mo)型(xing)預測的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部溫(wen)度進(jin)行調節,所(suo)述(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱耦合(he)(he)模(mo)型(xing)包括:
4、等效(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)計算模塊,所述(shu)等效(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)計算模塊根據等效(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)模型(xing)、充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部平均溫度(du)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)模型(xing)參數、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)開路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態;
5、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)熱模(mo)型計(ji)算模(mo)塊(kuai),由電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)開路電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流、荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態、環境溫度(du)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)幾何參數、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)熱學參數輸出預測(ce)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部溫度(du)。
6、進一(yi)步的,所述等效(xiao)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)模(mo)型為二(er)階等效(xiao)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)模(mo)型,包括開(kai)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)壓源(yuan)uoc、串聯電(dian)(dian)阻ro、第一(yi)極(ji)化(hua)電(dian)(dian)阻r1、第一(yi)極(ji)化(hua)電(dian)(dian)容c1、第二(er)極(ji)化(hua)電(dian)(dian)阻r2和第二(er)極(ji)化(hua)電(dian)(dian)容c2,等效(xiao)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)模(mo)型公式為:
7、
8、其中,v1為(wei)第(di)一極化電(dian)阻的電(dian)壓(ya),v2為(wei)第(di)二(er)極化電(dian)阻的電(dian)壓(ya),ul為(wei)電(dian)池電(dian)壓(ya),il為(wei)電(dian)池電(dian)流、soc為(wei)電(dian)池荷電(dian)狀態,qn為(wei)電(dian)池容量。
9、進(jin)一步的,所述電池電路模型(xing)參數基于鋰離子電池在設(she)定溫度、電流(liu)下的充放電數據(ju)(ju)和混合動(dong)力脈沖(chong)特性測試數據(ju)(ju)擬合獲取作(zuo)為(wei)初值,并(bing)利用滑動(dong)窗口觀測獲得的數據(ju)(ju)集通過最小(xiao)二乘算法進(jin)行自(zi)適應識(shi)別校準更新。
10、進一步的,所(suo)述電(dian)池(chi)熱(re)(re)(re)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)計算模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)為具有內熱(re)(re)(re)源(yuan)的穩態(tai)傳熱(re)(re)(re)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing),包括(kuo)電(dian)池(chi)產(chan)熱(re)(re)(re)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)、電(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)心到(dao)電(dian)池(chi)表(biao)面(mian)的熱(re)(re)(re)傳導模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)、電(dian)池(chi)表(biao)面(mian)與電(dian)池(chi)環境之間的熱(re)(re)(re)對(dui)流模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing),其(qi)中(zhong)所(suo)述電(dian)池(chi)熱(re)(re)(re)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)包括(kuo)可逆(ni)熱(re)(re)(re)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)及(ji)不可逆(ni)熱(re)(re)(re)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing),可逆(ni)熱(re)(re)(re)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)及(ji)不可逆(ni)熱(re)(re)(re)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)的表(biao)達(da)式為:
11、
12、式中,qrev為(wei)可逆熱(re),qirr為(wei)不可逆熱(re),il為(wei)電流,t為(wei)環境(jing)溫度,uoc為(wei)開路電壓(ya),ul為(wei)電池電壓(ya)。
13、所(suo)述(shu)電池中心到電池表(biao)面(mian)的(de)熱傳導模(mo)型、電池表(biao)面(mian)與(yu)電池環(huan)境之間的(de)熱對流模(mo)型的(de)表(biao)達式為(wei):
14、
15、其中(zhong),cc、rc為(wei)(wei)電(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)心到電(dian)池(chi)表面(mian)熱(re)(re)傳導過程的熱(re)(re)容和熱(re)(re)阻(zu),cs、rs為(wei)(wei)電(dian)池(chi)表面(mian)與電(dian)池(chi)環境之間熱(re)(re)對(dui)流過程的熱(re)(re)容和熱(re)(re)阻(zu),ta為(wei)(wei)電(dian)池(chi)環境溫(wen)(wen)度,tc為(wei)(wei)電(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)心溫(wen)(wen)度,ts為(wei)(wei)電(dian)池(chi)環境溫(wen)(wen)度。
16、進一(yi)步的,所述(shu)分布式電池(chi)(chi)熱(re)管理(li)系統(tong)包括(kuo)液冷(leng)板、管路、低溫散熱(re)器(qi)(qi)、電池(chi)(chi)冷(leng)卻(que)(que)器(qi)(qi)、冷(leng)卻(que)(que)液循(xun)(xun)環(huan)泵(beng)、水(shui)(shui)箱、冷(leng)源、主(zhu)ptc水(shui)(shui)加熱(re)器(qi)(qi)、若干(gan)副ptc水(shui)(shui)加熱(re)器(qi)(qi)、主(zhu)流量調(diao)節(jie)閥及(ji)若干(gan)副流量調(diao)節(jie)閥;其中(zhong)低溫散熱(re)器(qi)(qi)、電池(chi)(chi)冷(leng)卻(que)(que)器(qi)(qi)、循(xun)(xun)環(huan)水(shui)(shui)泵(beng)、主(zhu)ptc水(shui)(shui)加熱(re)器(qi)(qi)及(ji)多個(ge)副ptc水(shui)(shui)加熱(re)器(qi)(qi)與整車(che)熱(re)管理(li)系統(tong)集成或與冷(leng)源集成。
17、一種(zhong)分(fen)(fen)級調(diao)控(kong)方法,應(ying)用于(yu)如上任一所述的(de)電(dian)池溫(wen)(wen)度預測、分(fen)(fen)布式(shi)電(dian)池熱(re)(re)管(guan)理系統,所述分(fen)(fen)布式(shi)電(dian)池熱(re)(re)管(guan)理系統以預測的(de)電(dian)池內(nei)部溫(wen)(wen)度作為(wei)判(pan)斷條件,進行(xing)低溫(wen)(wen)加熱(re)(re)模式(shi)、低溫(wen)(wen)散熱(re)(re)模式(shi)及高溫(wen)(wen)制冷(leng)模式(shi)的(de)分(fen)(fen)級調(diao)控(kong);
18、加(jia)熱(re)時(shi)(shi),通過(guo)主ptc加(jia)熱(re)器(qi)調(diao)節(jie)主路(lu)中(zhong)的液(ye)體溫度,副ptc加(jia)熱(re)器(qi)補償各電(dian)池箱的加(jia)熱(re)需(xu)求差異;制冷(leng)時(shi)(shi),通過(guo)主流(liu)量調(diao)節(jie)閥調(diao)節(jie)主路(lu)液(ye)體流(liu)量,副流(liu)量調(diao)節(jie)閥補償各電(dian)池箱的冷(leng)卻(que)需(xu)求差異。
19、進一步(bu)的(de)(de),當外界環境溫(wen)度(du)<0℃時,電池(chi)包內部最(zui)小溫(wen)度(du)<10℃時,進入低溫(wen)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)模(mo)式,關閉低溫(wen)散(san)(san)熱(re)(re)和高溫(wen)散(san)(san)熱(re)(re)回路,開(kai)啟加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)裝(zhuang)置、循環水(shui)泵,通(tong)過主ptc水(shui)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)、副ptc水(shui)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)冷卻(que)液(ye),并將加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)后(hou)的(de)(de)冷卻(que)液(ye)輸送到液(ye)冷板對電池(chi)系統加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re),主ptc水(shui)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)、副ptc加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)分級調(diao)節各電池(chi)箱的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du);
20、當0℃≤外界環(huan)境溫(wen)度(du)<30℃時(shi),10℃≤電(dian)池(chi)(chi)包內部最大溫(wen)度(du)<40℃時(shi),進(jin)入(ru)低溫(wen)散(san)熱(re)模(mo)式,暫不開啟空調壓縮(suo)機,通(tong)(tong)過(guo)冷卻液循環(huan)泵使冷卻液循環(huan),帶走(zou)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)包熱(re)量,電(dian)池(chi)(chi)包熱(re)量通(tong)(tong)過(guo)低溫(wen)散(san)熱(re)器散(san)發,降溫(wen)調節時(shi),通(tong)(tong)過(guo)主(zhu)流量調節閥、副(fu)流量調節閥分級(ji)調節各電(dian)池(chi)(chi)箱的溫(wen)度(du);
21、當外界環(huan)境溫度(du)≥30℃,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)包(bao)內(nei)部最大溫度(du)≥40℃時(shi),進(jin)入高溫制冷(leng)模式,由于溫差較小(xiao),通過(guo)低溫散(san)熱(re)模式無法(fa)滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統冷(leng)卻(que),關閉低溫散(san)熱(re)器的(de)冷(leng)卻(que)回路(lu),開啟制冷(leng)系統,此時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)冷(leng)卻(que)器吸收冷(leng)卻(que)液的(de)熱(re)量,冷(leng)卻(que)液降(jiang)溫后進(jin)入液冷(leng)板對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)包(bao)進(jin)行(xing)冷(leng)卻(que),降(jiang)溫調節(jie)(jie)時(shi),通過(guo)主流(liu)量調節(jie)(jie)閥、副(fu)流(liu)量調節(jie)(jie)閥分級調節(jie)(jie)各電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)箱的(de)溫度(du)。
22、與現有(you)技術(shu)相比,本(ben)發明具有(you)以下有(you)益的(de)技術(shu)效果:
23、1.將(jiang)電(dian)熱偶合模型預測的電(dian)池內部溫(wen)(wen)度作為熱管理系統介入判斷條件,可補償電(dian)池自(zi)身產熱影(ying)響,排除溫(wen)(wen)度傳感器響應偏差問(wen)題,實現(xian)準(zhun)確快速調節(jie);
24、2.分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)熱(re)管(guan)理(li)系統,通過增(zeng)加流量(liang)(liang)調(diao)節(jie)閥和加熱(re)器,可(ke)基于(yu)分(fen)級調(diao)節(jie)的思路(lu),實現加熱(re)和冷(leng)卻(que)時的更精細調(diao)節(jie),滿足大(da)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統在商用(yong)車多(duo)域(yu)布(bu)置時獨(du)立精確控制的需求。
1.電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫度預測、分布式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)熱(re)(re)管理(li)系(xi)統,其特征在于,包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)耦合(he)模型及分布式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)熱(re)(re)管理(li)系(xi)統,所述(shu)分布式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)熱(re)(re)管理(li)系(xi)統根據所述(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)耦合(he)模型預測的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部溫度進行調(diao)節,所述(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)耦合(he)模型包括:
2.根據權利要(yao)求1所(suo)述(shu)的(de)電(dian)池溫度預測、分布(bu)式電(dian)池熱管理系統,其特(te)征在于(yu),所(suo)述(shu)等效電(dian)路(lu)模(mo)型為二(er)階等效電(dian)路(lu)模(mo)型,包括(kuo)開(kai)路(lu)電(dian)壓源(yuan)uoc、串聯電(dian)阻(zu)ro、第一(yi)極化電(dian)阻(zu)r1、第一(yi)極化電(dian)容c1、第二(er)極化電(dian)阻(zu)r2和第二(er)極化電(dian)容c2,等效電(dian)路(lu)模(mo)型公式為:
3.根(gen)據(ju)權(quan)利要求2所(suo)述(shu)的電(dian)池溫度預測(ce)、分布式電(dian)池熱(re)管理(li)系統,其(qi)特征(zheng)在于,所(suo)述(shu)電(dian)池電(dian)路模型參(can)數基于鋰離子電(dian)池在設定溫度、電(dian)流(liu)下的充放電(dian)數據(ju)和混(hun)合(he)動力脈(mo)沖特性(xing)測(ce)試數據(ju)擬合(he)獲(huo)取作為初值,并利用滑動窗口觀測(ce)獲(huo)得的數據(ju)集通(tong)過最小(xiao)二乘(cheng)算法進行自適應識別(bie)校準更(geng)新。
4.根據權利要求3所(suo)述的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫度(du)預測、分布式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)熱(re)(re)管理系(xi)統(tong),其(qi)特(te)征在于,所(suo)述電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)熱(re)(re)模型(xing)(xing)(xing)計算模塊為具(ju)有內熱(re)(re)源的(de)穩(wen)態傳熱(re)(re)模型(xing)(xing)(xing),包(bao)括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)產熱(re)(re)模型(xing)(xing)(xing)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)心到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)表面(mian)的(de)熱(re)(re)傳導模型(xing)(xing)(xing)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)表面(mian)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)環境之間的(de)熱(re)(re)對流模型(xing)(xing)(xing),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)述電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)熱(re)(re)模型(xing)(xing)(xing)包(bao)括可(ke)逆熱(re)(re)模型(xing)(xing)(xing)及(ji)不可(ke)逆熱(re)(re)模型(xing)(xing)(xing),可(ke)逆熱(re)(re)模型(xing)(xing)(xing)及(ji)不可(ke)逆熱(re)(re)模型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)表達(da)式為:
5.根據(ju)權利要求(qiu)3所(suo)述(shu)的(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫度預測、分布式電(dian)池(chi)(chi)熱(re)(re)(re)管(guan)理系(xi)(xi)統(tong),其(qi)特征在于,所(suo)述(shu)分布式電(dian)池(chi)(chi)熱(re)(re)(re)管(guan)理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)包括液(ye)冷(leng)(leng)板、管(guan)路(lu)、低溫散熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)、電(dian)池(chi)(chi)冷(leng)(leng)卻器(qi)、冷(leng)(leng)卻液(ye)循環泵(beng)、水(shui)箱、冷(leng)(leng)源、主ptc水(shui)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)、若干副ptc水(shui)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)、主流量調(diao)節(jie)閥及(ji)(ji)若干副流量調(diao)節(jie)閥;其(qi)中低溫散熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)、電(dian)池(chi)(chi)冷(leng)(leng)卻器(qi)、循環水(shui)泵(beng)、主ptc水(shui)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)及(ji)(ji)多個副ptc水(shui)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)與整車熱(re)(re)(re)管(guan)理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)集成(cheng)或(huo)與冷(leng)(leng)源集成(cheng)。
6.一(yi)種分(fen)(fen)級調控方(fang)法,應用于(yu)(yu)權利要求1-5任一(yi)所述的電池(chi)溫度(du)預測(ce)(ce)、分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)電池(chi)熱(re)管理系統,其(qi)特征在(zai)于(yu)(yu),所述分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)電池(chi)熱(re)管理系統以預測(ce)(ce)的電池(chi)內(nei)部溫度(du)作(zuo)為(wei)判斷條件,進(jin)行低(di)溫加熱(re)模式(shi)、低(di)溫散熱(re)模式(shi)及高溫制冷模式(shi)的分(fen)(fen)級調控;
7.根據權利要(yao)求(qiu)6所述的分級(ji)調控方(fang)法(fa),其特征(zheng)在于(yu),